• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.24-38
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• 2021

Microhabitat In the upper stream is created by various environment variables such as the bottom substrate and the physicochemical factors, and may influence the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates. We investigated the bottom substrate and environmental variables influencing the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate in 26 stream-type waterways established at upper reaches of Geum River. During study period, total 85 families, 160 species, 9305 individuals of benthic macroinvertebrates were recorded. The stream-type waterways, where the bottom substrates consist mainly of pebble (16~64 mm) and cobble (64~256 mm) or with rapid water velocity (more than 0.2 m/s) and high dissolved oxygen (more than 120%), were supported by high species diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate. Hierological cluster analysis and the nonparametric multidimensional scale (NMDS) divided 26 stream-type waterways into a total of three clusters. In Cluster 1, the invertebrate species, such as Branchiura sowerbyi, Cloeon dipterum, Ischnura asiatica, Paracercion calamorum, and Radix auricularia, closely related to aquatic macrophytes, and Chironomidae spp., Limnodrilus gotoi, and Tanypodinae sp. were abundant in waterways, with high coverage of silt and clay as well as high turbidity and total nitrogen. The benthic macroinvertebrate species (Cheumatopsyche brevilineata, Drunella ishiyamana, Dugesia japonica, Ephemera orientalis, Gumaga KUa, Macrostemum radiatum, Potamanthus formosus, Semisulcospira libertine, Stenelmis vulgaris, and Teloganopsis punctisetae) included in Cluster 2 were dominated in sites with high cover rates of pebble and gravel. Cluster 3 was predominantly covered by the Cobbles, was supported by Simulium sp. Such a clear distinction in the study sites means that each stream-type waterways is governed by a clear habitat environment. In the case of some sites with low species diversity, improvement measures are required to restore nature, such as improving the function of inflows and outflows, creating meandering channel, and inducing the settlement of littoral vegetation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.353-364
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of erosion control works on the stream ecosystem in a mountain torrential stream. The species composition of benthic macroinvertebrates and biological water quality were investigated before and after construction of erosion control works at 5 sites. The total number of benthic macroinvertebrates before construction was 3,086 individuals including 4 phyla, 6 classes, 11 orders, 22 families, and 25 species, but after construction it has decreased to 1,208 individuals including 4 phyla, 6 classes, 10 orders, 17 families, and 19 species. Especially, the diversity, richness, and evenness indices, which were calculated based on existing number of biological species, have decreased or not produced at the erosion control sites, where biological species were not found or the minimum number of species were found. The results of community analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates and ESB(Ecological Score of Benthic macroinvertebrate community) indicated that the environmental qualities of the stream based on saprobity, environmental condition, and water quality decreased after the construction at all sites: before construction, the top of the stream was satisfactory and some satisfactory, the middle was some defectiveness, and the lower was defectiveness and very defectiveness; after construction, all parts of the stream except some parts of the top were very defectiveness. Moreover, the water quality of torrential stream was rated between I to III before construction, but after construction, it declined to $IV{\sim}V$ except control. The habitat damage of benthic macro invertebrates occurred at all investigation sites after the construction of erosion control works led to reduction of the number of biological species and water quality deterioration. The results reported in this study were collected directly after the construction of erosion control works. Therefore, additional studies are needed to further explore the effect of disaster-prevention of erosion control works and the recovery process of stream ecosystem through long term monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.348-357
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• 2019

To investigate the changes of dominant species of benthic macroinvertebrates following summer precipitation variance, we surveyed twenty five sites of the main Seomjin River in May and September in 2014 and 2015. The temperature, precipitation, water quality factors and substrate composition, water depth and flow velocity, which are important factors in benthos habitat environment, were collected and measured. There is not much difference of the cumulative precipitation (CP) between 2014 (2,322.1 mm) and 2015 (2,371.0 mm) in May. However CP in september was decreased by more than half in 2015 (3,726.1 mm) than 2014 (7,678.2 mm). Due to washing effect by summer precipitation, total number of species and individuals for benthic macroinvertebrates were higher in May than in September. Chironomidae spp. and Choroterpes altioculus were dominated in May, Ecdyonurus levis, Ecdyonurus kibunensis were dominated in September. As a result of correlation analysis between community indices and environment factors, it was found that there is a significant correlation with flow velocity and substrate compositions. According to the results of cluster analysis and PCA based on environment fators and dominant species of benthic macroinvertebrates in Seomjin River, it was divided into four groups following CP and MT. Ecdyonurus levis and Ecdyonurus kibunensis reflect the effect of the decrease in summer precipitation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.3
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• pp.454-460
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• 2012

This study was conducted for determining the influence of Sediment Control Dam dredging on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in mountain stream of Gyeongsangbuk-do. The sediment control dams were surveyed before and after dredging from mountain streams of Yecheon, Yeongju and Bonghwa in Northern part of Gyeongsangbuk-do. Sampling was taken at upper and down from 3 experimental sites and 2 control sites during May to August 2011. The identified species before dredging were 56 belonged to 31 families, 11 orders, 6 classes and 4 phyla, but after dredging it has decreased to 51 species belonged to 27 families, 10 orders, 5 classes and 4 phyla. The microhabitat damage of benthic macroinvertebrates occurred at experimental sites after dredging of sediment control dams led to reduction of the number of species and individuals. Especially, upper stream of experimental sites showed the reduction of an average of 38% species. In general, species diversity indices and species richness indices decreased after dredging; however, dominance indices increased at experimental sites. In the upper stream of experimental sites, the microhabitat damaged and became pool due to dredging. Also, velocity of flow decreased and the river bed became simply due to the sedimentary matter being finer than sand and silt. As a result, composition of functional feeding groups and functional feeding groups were relatively simpler at upper stream and the degree of community differences was greater between upper and down stream. Also, Chironomidae spp., Ephemeridae spp., and Gomphidae spp. to prefer where slow velocity of flow and lentic increased in a greater rate, and the EPT/C index to indicate the balance of the community decreased.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate changes in benthic macroinvertebrate communities caused by erosion control dams using data obtained from three erosion control dams in Wonju, Gangwon Province, before and after the rainy season. Surveys were conducted four times from March to September 2019, and survey points were continuously selected during the installation of closed-type and open-type dams. A total of eight points from the upstream and downstream regions of each dam type were selected. The flow velocity of both the closed and open types increased, but the closed type exhibited a relatively higher flow velocity than the open type. Benthic macroinvertebrate species and individuals mostly decreased after the rainy season. A relatively large number of species and individuals were found upstream of the closed-type dam. An analysis of the ephemeroptera-plecoptera-trichoptera groups showed relatively reduced ephemeroptera in the closed-type dam and reduced trichoptera in the open-type dam. The periods before and after the rainy season could be divided based on the results of a similarity analysis. The open type showed relatively minimal changes before and after the rainy season.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.211-211
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• 2018

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.150-164
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• 2022

The objective of this study is to analyze the biodiversity changes and characteristics of the benthic macroinvertebrate community in the Nakdong River with eight weirs, which was constructed as one of the Four Major River Restoration Projects from May to October 2020. The study also includes the analysis of changes in the major groups of benthic macroinvertebrates for about ten years, from 2010 to 2020. The surveys collected 97 species of benthic macroinvertebrates belonging to 83 genera, 52 families, 18 orders, five classes, three phyla, and 128.1 individuals/m². Chironomidae sp. and Tubificidae spp., which are pollutant indicators, dominated throughout the sections. The community analysis result shows the average dominant index and the diversity index of 0.62±0.20 and 1.87±0.63, respectively, and indicated the most stability of the freshwater ecosystem in the upper stream of the Nakdong River. The survey showed dominance by Chironomidae sp. at the center of the Nakdong River weir and the most unstable community in Chilgok and Gangjeong Goryeong weirs. The results of the community stability analysis showed a high distribution of the characteristic group I with high resilience and resistance and small distribution of characteristic group III with low resistance and resilience, indicating a very unstable condition of communities in the Nakdong River weir section. Predators were relatively abundant among the functional feeding groups (FFGs), whereas shredders, gathering-collectors, and filtering-collectors were relatively lower. Among the habitat orientation groups (HOGs), burrowers and climbers were dominant, indicating a wide distribution of groups in ecosystems with low dissolved oxygen. An endangered species level II of Macromia daimoji was found in Sangju and Nakdan weirs. The analysis results for 10 years from 2010 showed that the number of species and populations increased immediately after the dam construction but plummeted in 2016 and are now stabilizing. Chironomidae spp. has been dominant in all sections over the past 10 years, and they are currently maintained at a rate of about 50%. The EPT groups have decreased significantly since 2011, and the Plecoptera and Trichoptera of the group have not yet been restored. The population of Tubificidae spp. showed an increase after construction was completed in 2012 and drastically increased in 2015 and 2020. The species of Cristaria plicata, designated as endangered species level I, has not been observed since 2011 in Hapcheon Changnyeong weir. Moreover, Macromia daimoji was rarely observed in seven weirs until 2015, and it has been confirmed that the current distribution habitat has decreased rapidly.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2001

A biological assessment of water quality was carried out in the Pyungchang River water system, Gangwon-do, Korea from September 1999 through August 2000. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected seasonally from 15 field sites were identified mostly up to species level. Benthic macroinvertebrates composed of 109 species, 77 genera, 31 families, 10 orders, 4 classes in 4 phyla. Dominant species occurring in all the field sites were mostly ephemeropterans and trichopterans. On the basis of the values of species diversity and biological indices such as Trent Biotic Index (TBI) Modified Biological Monitoring Working Party Score System (BMWP) and Biotic Index (BI), the Pyungchang River Water system was generally regarded as showing oligosaprobic water quality.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.584-588
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• 2016

기후변화와 불투수지역의 증가로 인하여 하천 유량의 변동성은 점차 커지고 있다. 이에 따라 유량에 영향을 받는 하천환경과 다양한 생태계는 큰 영향을 받고 있음에 유량 관리가 매우 중요시 되어지고 있다. 하천 유량은 빗물이 지표면에 떨어져 직접하천으로 흐르는 지표유출과 지표면하의 암반층으로 침투되어 지하수가 되고 시간의 흐름에 따라 지표로 흘러나오는 기저유출로 구성되어 있다. 기저유출은 땅속에서 흐르기 때문에 흐름이 느리다. 이에 따라 강우가 발생하지 않을 시에 하천유량의 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 따라서 기저유출의 관리는 수자원의 관리에 매우 중요할 것이다. 국내외에서도 기저유출의 관리를 위한 연구가 필요하며 지표수-지하수의 연계관리를 위한 명확한 조명이 필요한 시기이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 기저유출의 분포와 지하수 의존형 수생태계가 미치는 영향에 대해서 분석하였다. 기저유출의 분리는 최근 많은 연구가 수행되어져 왔고 다양한 방법이 개발되었다. 일반적으로 시계열 유량자료를 통해 기저유출을 산정한다. 기저유출의 산정을 위해 두 가지 유량 데이터를 이용하였다. 검보정된 수문모형을 통한 데이터와 국내에 존재하는 관측데이터를 이용하여 지표유출과 기저유출을 분리하여 유역의 기저유출지표를 산정하였다. 기저유출지표는 총 유출량과 기저유출과의 비로 산정되는 유역의 특성을 나타내는 지표이다. 기저유출과 수생태계의 관계를 분석하기 위해 환경부에서 수행하는 네 가지 수생태건강성지수와 기저유출지표와의 상관성을 분석하였다. 수생태건강성지수는 부착돌말류, 저서성 대형무척추동물, 어류, 서식 및 수변환경으로 구성되었다. 기저유출 산정과 수생태계와의 분석은 낙동강유역을 대상으로 수행하였다. 낙동강유역의 기저유출을 산정하여 기저유출지표를 산정한 결과 0.4이상의 값을 나타냈다. 이는 하천의 유량 중 약 40%가 기저유출에 의존한다는 의미이다. 또한 월별 기저유출지표를 산정한 결과 강수가 적은 봄과 겨울철의 경우 0.7이상을 나타냈다. 특히 1월달의 경우 0.9이상을 나타내 겨울철 대부분의 하천 유량은 기저유출에 의존한다. 산정된 기저유출지표와 네 가지 수생태건강성지수의 상관성 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과 저서성 대형무척추동물과의 상관성을 나타냈고 나머지에서는 상관성을 나타내고 있지 않았다. 하지만 이는 아직 국내에서 수생태계의 건강성 조사와 평가가 이루어진지 얼마 되지 않았기 때문으로 판단된다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 기저유출관리 방안의 정책적인 도입과 연구의 시발점이 될 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.327-343
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to perform community analysis and biological assessment of water quality using benthic macroinvertebrate from Wangpi-cheon watershed which is defined as conservation areas of ecosystem and landscape by ministry of environment in Korea. Field survey of the study area was carried out 2 times from June to September in 2012. As a result of the field survey, total 155 species of benthic macroinvertebrates in 74 families, 15 orders, 7 classes and 5 phyla were collected. The findings of community analysis using the classified species and individuals showed relatively low DI(Dominant Index) value of 0.22 and very high value of average H'(Diversity index) as 4.24. And the analyzed results of SI(Similarity Index) according to habitat types using functional feeding groups showed higher values of 94.51% and 93.19% respectively to tributary and main stream after the designation of conservation areas of ecosystem and landscape. These results infer that various species and lots of individual are widely distributed at Wangpi-cheon watershed and stream ecosystem of the study area is healthy and well maintained after the designation of conservation areas. And also, the calculated EPT value was 62.9% as high enough to explain the cleanness of Wangpi-cheon watershed. We evaluated environmental condition and biological water quality by using ESB(Ecological Score of Benthic macroinvertebrate community) and KSI(Korean Saprobic Index). The average evaluated ESB shows very high value of 208.2, therefore Wangpi-cheon watershed is designated as 'First priority protection waters' area and the value of KSI is 0.32 which meets the saprobic water quality standard as 'First class'.