• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.97-109
• /
• 2012

For the design of underpass structures, -1.0m(G.L) ground water level guideline for the design of railway, subway, utility tunnel etc, is still being used in Korea. As a result, the underpass structure can be forced by buoyancy, and therefore the in-situ buoyancy anchor method is usually being applied to prevent the uplifting force. For the Yeongjongdo sky city project, the drainage method was applied to remove the buoyancy force. In this study we estimate the efficiency and safety of the applied design and propose the detailed guidelines for standard design and maintenance of the guided drainage technique. Especially, the auxiliary pumping well was operated to maintain the ground water level around the underpass. In the study site, the applied guided drainage method has advantages in both engineering and economic aspects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
• /
• 2011.03a
• /
• pp.101-101
• /
• 2011

재생 셀룰로스 섬유의 원료로 사용되는 셀룰로스는 면, 마, 목재 등 고등식물의 주성분으로 매년 수십억톤이 광합성에 의하여 생산되어지고 있다. 따라서 석유류와 같은 화석연료의 가격 변동에 영향을 받지 않고 안정적으로 수입되고 있다. 또한, 셀룰로스에는 면이나 마류 등과 같이 간단한 정제 처리에 의해 의류용 섬유로서 사용될 수 있는 것과 목재 섬유와 같이 펄프화하여 종이, 인견섬유, 필름 등으로 사용되어지는 것이 있으며, 셀룰로스 유도체도 제조할 수 있다. 현재까지 개발된 섬유들 중 대표적인 셀룰로스계 재생섬유인 비스코스 레이온(Viscose rayon)은 그 제조 방법이 환경적으로 치명적인 문제를 안고 있으나 고유의 우수한 드레이프성, 흡습성, 독특한 광택, 시원한 촉감 등을 가지고 있어 그 소비는 꾸준한 상황이다. 이러한 Viscose rayon을 대체하기 위하여 친환경적인 공법을 이용하여 개발된 Lyocell 제품이 각광을 받고 있다. 면 셀룰로스 재생섬유는 기존의 Lyocell섬유에 비해 신도는 높고 모듈러스가 낮아 Modal과 같은 촉감을 가지고, 피브릴 발생이 없어 방사공정에서 가교반응이 필요치 않는 것으로 기대된다. 친환경 공법인 Lyocell 공법으로 개발된 면 린터 원료를 이용하여 면 린터 셀룰로스 재생섬유 제조기술을 개발하고자 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 면 린터 셀룰로스 재생섬유의 기술적인 신뢰성을 검증하기 위해 면 린터 셀룰로스 재생섬유소재 피브릴화 정도의 표준화 시험법을 연구하고자 한다. 사용원단으로 Tencel A-100, Tencel standard, Modal, Lyocell LF, 면 린터 섬유를 사용하였으며, 세탁, 염색, 알칼리조건 처리에 따른 물성 변화를 알아보았다. 물성 변화는 전자현미경으로 측정하였다.

• 기계와재료
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.138-146
• /
• 2011

자동차 차체 경량화를 위해 알루미늄 스페이스 프레임 구조가 개발되고 있으나, 관재결합이 필요하기 때문에 기존의 저항 점용접이 적용되기 어렵다. 또한, 멤버와 멤버의 연결부에서는 철강재난 고강도 재료의 사용이 요구되므로 이종재료 접합기술이 필요하다. 알루미늄 및 이종재료 접합방법으로는 볼트체결, 클린칭, SPR 접합, 접착재 등이 있으나, SPR 접합은 기계적인 결합방법의 하나로, 일반 리벳공정과는 달리 별도의 홀이 필요없기 때문에 자동화에 용이하며 작업시간도 빠르다. 리벳의 압입 방식으로 판재의 열변형이 거의 없고 친환경적인 공법으로 사용되고 있으며, 소음이 적고, 용접이 불가능한 이종재료의 결합도 가능하다. 무엇보다 자동차 양산용 장비 적용이 용이하기 때문에 기존의 저항 점용접을 대체하기 편리하다. 따라서, 본 글에서는 알루미늄 차체 부품 접합을 위한 SPR 접합공법에 대한 국내외 기술개발 동향을 분석하고, 한국기계연구원에서의 최근 기술개발 내용을 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2014.11a
• /
• pp.199-202
• /
• 2014

In recent years the downtown, Top-down method has been applied in a major method to solve the complaints due to noise, vibration, dust and safety issues such as cracking due to settlement when the excavation close to the building. Until it is installed underground permanent foundation, the Pre-founded Column is a pile foundation as well as a column to bear the upper construction load. The Pre-founded Column is constructed by PRD method generally. The EnP(Enlarging Pile) method can be expanded locally boring diameter of the embedment zone as compared to the PRD method existing general. Since the bearing capacity is increased by the boring diameter is expanded, the embedment length is reduced, the construction cost is reduced.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.175-179
• /
• 1979

One of the major problems in tile activated sludge system has been difficulty in separating the microbial solids from the treated effluent and in returning them to the aeration tank. Another problem has been the digestion of the excess activated sludge. In constrast, it has not been difficult to separate the microbial solids from the treated effluent from the biological fixed-film systems(RBC process, Trickling Filter, FAST process). These systems have also featured less sludge production. Recently, it was proposed to experiment with the RESMAS process in order to eliminate the settling tank and sludge concentration facilities and to reduce the quantity of excess sludge for final disposal. The effluent quality could be predicted by .the concept of the maximum accumulation capacity. However, the hydraulic characteristics of the screen media in the RESMAS reactor were not dynamic. The object of the present study is to evalute the sludge accumulation rate and effluent quality prediction in the REMSMAS process designed in the dynamic hydraulic structure. This process can eliminate the final sedimentation tank and sludge concentration tank needed in the RBC, CMAS, Trickling Filter and FAST processes. Also, the effluent quality is desirable to compare with other processes. It appeared that the value of the sludge holding capacity was higher than those of the RESMAS and FAST processes, and the periods of the critical operating time were proportional to the substrate hydraulic loadings.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2016

This study analyzes the environmental and durability problems of traditional (LW) grouting method. And the proposed method was compared to the others effects by analyzing the in-situ applicability and effect of performance of the method using the silica sol. This study analyzed the eco-friendly, effects of high strength silica sol through laboratory tests. The effects of the construction process were identified through the field tests. The compressive strength was increased by 1.3 times compared to the LW method and the shrinkage is 3~8 times less than that of LW method with water glass. No toxicity, which could affect soil contamination. In particular, it was confirmed that the Toxicity fish also survived with little pH change in the concentration tank. Also it confirmed the construction effects through field test. Field tests are a standard penetration test, permeability test, LLT, BST. Permeability was reduced to $1{\times}10^{-5{\sim}-6}cm/sec$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.35 no.10
• /
• pp.756-762
• /
• 2013

The economical feasibility was conducted to find the adequate method to treat the dredged sediments from agricultural reservoirs in a pilot project that had been operated to improve the quality of water and benthic environments by dredging of contaminated sediments. For benefit/cost (B/C) analysis, the net expenses were considered as the costs of project, and the benefits were calculated from the saving of waste-treatment cost through reuse of dredged sediment, the saving of construction cost of settling pond, and the values of retained water by dredging. Although the economic feasibility depended on the sites of operation, the average B/C value of the pilot project was estimated as 1.32, indicating this project is economically feasible. Depending on the treatment methods, the B/C values were in the order of the methods of coagulating sedimentation, machinery dewatering, stabilization through exothermic reaction, and soil improvement and stabilization. The machinery dewatering method is estimated as the most adequate one to treat the dredged sediments because of the minimum riskiness of secondary pollution, the recyclability, and its economic feasibility.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.345-363
• /
• 2024

Steel pipe reinforced grouting method has been widely used to strengthen the crown of tunnel face and prevent groundwater leakage during tunnel excavation. Various injection procedures without sealing have recently been suggested to enhance efficiency. There are two representative injection methods. One is simultaneous injection in segmented batches, and the other is multiple injection using the external packer. The pros and cons of each method were discussed in terms of construction duration and equipment. However, it has yet to be discussed how the injection procedure affects the grout diffusion range in the ground. This study aims to evaluate the grout diffusion range quantitatively by considering the practical grouting sequences. The grout viscosity was measured by laboratory testing. Then, the numerical modeling was structured using the commercial computational fluid dynamics software. Finally, the grout diffusion range affected by the injection procedure and ground conditions was evaluated by performing the numerical parametric study. The results showed that the injection method highly affected the grout diffusion range, especially for inhomogeneous soil. Consequently, it is anticipated that the proper method of steel pipe reinforced grouting will be suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 1992.06a
• /
• pp.57-86
• /
• 1992

본 연구에서는 기존의 PC말뚝과 PHC말뚝의 시공성과 지지력에 대한 비교확인 시험의 결과를 근거로 하여 PHC말뚝의 시공상의 장점, 특성 및 경제성을 파악하였으며, SIP공법에 의하여 PHC말뚝을 사용시 기존 PC말뚝이나 강관말뚝보다 경제성이 우수함을 확인하였다. 또한 PHC말뚝은 압축강도와 지지혁이 기존 PC말뚝보다 높을 뿐만아니라 강관말뚝과 같이 용접이음이 가능하고 말뚝의 심도가 깊은 경우에도 강관말뚝과의 대체시공이 가능하여 PHC말뚝의 성능을 극대화할 수 있는 적절한 항타장비를 사용하는 경우에는 혁신적인 원가절감이 가능함을 확인할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
• /
• 2001.03a
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 2001

실린더 컷은 터널 굴착단면의 크기에 관계없이 널리 이용된다. 본 연구에서는 발파당 굴진장을 증대시키기 위하여 종래의 방법과 다른 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 이 방법의 새로운 패턴은 그림과 같으며, 각 단계별로 상세한 저항선, 공간간격은 별도 그림과 같다. 새로운 실린더 컷 방법과 종래의 방법과의 결과는 다음과 같다. 종래 방법은 굴진장이 천공장의 90-95%인데 비하여 새로운 방법은 대체로 99.5%이다. 비장약량이 1.363kg/㎥에서 1.297로 약 5% 감소되며, 비천공장이 2.393m/㎥에서 2.130으로 약 8% 감소된다. 그밖에 지반진동, 비산, 파쇄암의 크기 등이 종래 방법에 비하여 우수함을 확인하였다.