• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2007

This study examined the influences of cognitive conflict and anxiety induced by a discrepant event and an alternative hypothesis, attention, and effort on conceptual change. Two hundred three students having misconceptions about density were selected from 462 seventh graders based on the results of a preconception test. Tests of cognitive responses and anxiety to a discrepant event were administered before and after presenting an alternative hypothesis. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) was then provided to students as a conceptual change intervention. Tests assessing attention and effort allocated to the CAI, and conceptual understanding were administered as posttests. Cognitive conflict induced by a discrepant event was found to increase after presenting an alternative hypothesis. Pre-cognitive conflict induced by only a discrepant event exerted a direct effect on post-cognitive conflict induced by a discrepant event and an alternative hypothesis. Post-cognitive conflict had a direct effect on conceptual change. Pre-anxiety decreased after presenting an alternative hypothesis. Pre-anxiety influenced post-anxiety, and this influenced on conceptual change via effort negatively. Attention had a direct effect as well as an indirect effect on conceptual change via effort. These results suggest that the strategy presenting both a discrepant event and an alternative hypothesis to students in concept learning could facilitate conceptual change by inducing more cognitive conflict or active participation of students through the decrease of anxiety than that presenting a discrepant event only.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the influences of cognitive conflict and situational interest induced by a discrepant event and an alternative hypothesis, attention and state learning strategies on conceptual change. A preconception test was administered to 486 seventh graders. They also completed the questionnaires of cognitive response and situational interest to a discrepant event before/after presenting an alternative hypothesis. After learning the concept of density with a CAI program as conceptual change intervention, the tests of attention, state learning strategies, and conceptual understanding were administered as posttests. Analyses of the results for 197 students having misconceptions about density revealed that post-cognitive conflict was significantly higher than pre-cognitive conflict. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the test scores of pre-situational interest and post-situational interest. Pre-cognitive conflict only exerted a direct effect on post-cognitive conflict, while post-cognitive conflict exerted a direct effect and Journal of the Korean Chemical Society an indirect effect via attention on conceptual understanding. Both pre- and post-situational interests were found to influence on conceptual understanding via attention. Attention had influences positively on deep learning strategy and negatively on surface learning strategy. There was a relatively small effect of state learning strategies on conceptual understanding.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.164-173
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• 2002

The high-rise building construction field in the urban area is short of working space because it is surrounded by adjacent buildings and nearby roads. The insufficient space causes problems of interference and conflicts in transporting materials and working at the site. These problems can be resolved partly through the proper selection and layout of temporary facilities. A method proposed in this paper supports a decision-maker to evaluate and select the alternatives of temporary facilities plans by establishing and analyzing processes and influence factors of them. Knowledges considered in planning temporary facilities layout are structurized and a program is implemented for a field manager. Case studies are performed to evaluate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.337-345
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• 2019

The hypothesis of ridge subduction which explains the Cretaceous igneous activities in East Asia including China, Korea and Japan, has been widely accepted in the society. Especially, the hypothesis explains the southwest-to-northeast migration of the Cretaceous adakite emergence in Southwest Japan. However, the hypothesis has several issues because the geochemical analyses and plate reconstruction model are not consistent with the consequences of the ridge subduction. To resolve the issues, a new hypothesis of the plume-continent and plume-slab interaction is suggested, which explains the igneous activities during the Cretaceous. In this review, I briefly introduce the two hypotheses and suggest an additional future study to prove the new hypothesis.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.798-804
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• 2006

In this study, we investigated students' responses to a discrepant event and an alternative hypothesis which had been presented in the conceptual change processes from the phlogiston theory to the oxygen theory, and compared them with scientists' responses. The data concerning scientists' responses to the discrepant event and the alternative hypothesis were gathered from the relevant literature on the history of science. Subjects were 148 eighth graders who possessed the target misconception about combustion through a preconception test. After having been presented with the discrepant event and the alternative hypothesis, students were asked to respond to the test of response to discrepant event. Although similar types of responses were obtained from both scientists and students, there was also a clear difference. Scientists tended to focus on explaining the problems of the discrepant event, whereas students tended to ignore and/or exclude the discrepant event in order to maintain their previous beliefs. Only a few students were also found to change their beliefs after having been presented with the alternative hypothesis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2013

There are many problems in evaluating study results by p value in null hypothesis testing for dental research. It is a logical fallacy to conclude that the null hypothesis is true when the it is not rejected. There are much serious misunderstanding about p value, and researchers should be cautious about interpreting p value in writing papers. As alternatives to complement or replace the null hypothesis significance testing, effect size, confidence interval, and Bayesian statistics are introduced.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.133-145
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the relation between preservice teachers' philosophical views on science and types of responses to alternative hypotheses. To identify preservice teachers' philosophical views on science, the extraterrestrial impact theory and the volcano-greenhouse theory, alternative hypotheses related to dinosaur extinction were administered to 37 elementary preservice teachers and 52 secondary preservice teachers. Subjects were required to write down their ideas before and after reading the alternative hypotheses, and then the dimensions of responses to initial ideas were analyzed. To analyze, Soh's Philosophical Perspectives Prove(PPP) was used. The results of this study were as follows: (a) elementary and secondary preservice teachers' philosophical views on science corresponds to eclecticism, (b) the main types of responses were partial theory change in elementary preservice teachers and rejection in secondary preservice teachers, (c) preservice teachers' philosophical views on science and types of responses were eclecticism-partial theory change in elementary preservice teachers and eclecticism-rejection in secondary preservice teachers.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.209-218
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• 1991

작업 기억내에서의 통사처리과정을 살펴보기 위해 생략어를 포함하는 네가지 유형의 대등 연결문을 마지작 단어 읽기 과제를 통해 비교하였다. 특히 통사과정에 관한 설명으로 제시되는, 근접 가설, 작업 기억 가설, 최근 필러 이용 가설의 상대적 설명의 효율성을 검증하고자 하였다. 실험 결과는, 주어가 공통논항인, 표준 어순의 연결문이 다른 세 유형의 연결문보다 이해 시간이 빨랐다. 이 결과는 어느 한 가설로는 설명될 수 없으며, 대안적인 설명으로 작업 기억내에서 이용 가능한 여러 정보의 상호 제약에 의해 이루어짐을 논의 했다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.645-653
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• 2014

P-value is the probability of observing a current sample and possibly other samples departing equally or more extremely from the null hypothesis toward postulated alternative hypothesis. When p-value is less than a certain level called ${\alpha}$(= 0:05), researchers claim that the alternative hypothesis is supported empirically. Unfortunately, some findings discovered in that way are not reproducible, partly because the p-value itself is a statistic vulnerable to random variation. Boos and Stefanski (2011) suggests calculating the upper limit of p-value in hypothesis testing, using a bootstrap predictive distribution. To determine the sample size of a replication study, this study proposes thought experiments by simulating boosted bootstrap samples of different sizes from given observations. The method is illustrated for the cases of two-group comparison and multiple linear regression. This study also addresses the reproducibility of the points in the given 95% confidence interval. Numerical examples show that the center point is covered by 95% confidence intervals generated from bootstrap resamples. However, end points are covered with a 50% chance. Hence this study draws the graph of the reproducibility rate for each parameter in the confidence interval.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.83-93
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• 2018

This study analyzed the effects of women's SNS use on their alternative behaviors of managing health. This study paid attention to how women's behaviors of seeking information about poisonous menstrual products and alternative menstrual products would impact their intention to use alternative menstrual products. Mainly based on health belief model, 11 hypotheses were created and tested through a path analysis of survey data. Results from the path analysis indicated that SNS information about menstrual products were significantly associated with perceived advantage of alternative menstrual products and perceived sensitivity of poisonous menstrual products. In addition, four main factors-self-efficacy, perceived sensitivity, perceived advantage, and perceived disadvantage-were significantly associated with women's intention to use alternative menstrual products.