• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2003

목적： 통증에 대한 fMRI 연구에 있어서 differential-regression-analysis (DRA) 기법을 사용하여 대뇌 피질에서 통증 처리에 관련된 영역의 순시적인 변화를 관찰하였다. 대상 및 방법： 우선 통증과 일반적인 감각자극과의 생리학적 차이를 밝히기 위해 운동 (finger tapping) 및 시각 (flickering light) 자극 실험이 선행되었다. 통증 유발을 위해서는 50C에서 52C의 뜨거운 물을 이용한 온도자극이 왼손의 검지와 중지에 30초 동안 가해졌다. fMRI 실험은 Marconi (Philips) 1.5 T scanner를 이용하여 gradient echo EPI sequence(TR / TE / FA = 3 sec / 35 msec / 90)로 수행되었다. 감각자극과 통증자극에 대한 반응의 동적인 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 fMRI 결과 분석에 기존의 box-car function과 DRA 기법이 사용되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.262-267
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was designed to analyze the differences in cerebral cortex activity of the elderly after extracting the movement related cortical potentials (MRCPs) from electroencephalogram (EEG) during a concentric and eccentric contraction of the elbow joint flexors, and entering them into the brain-mapping program to make the images. Methods: Right-dominant normal elderly people were divided into an eccentric contraction group and a concentric contraction group. Then, their MRCPs were measured using EEG and sEMG, during an eccentric and concentric contraction. Then, they were converted into images using the brain-mapping program. Results: Eccentric contraction group's $C_3$ and Cz showed statistically higher mean values of MRCP positive potential than the concentric contraction group. Conclusion: Researching a cerebral cortex activity, using MRCP, would provide basic data for clinical neuro-physiological researches on aging or neural plasticity of patients with a central nervous system injury.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.161-161
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• 1993

중추 Cholinergic성 신경계 작용약의 유발한 치매동물 모델의 타당성 여부를 확인하기 위해 흰쥐에 Scopolamine, Physostigmine 및 생약을 반복 투여하였을 때의 active avoidance에 미치는 영향을 단회 투여하여 가역적인 작용을 가질때의 영향과 비교하고 이때 대뇌피질에서의 Cholinergic성 신경계의 활성 변화를 측정하여 중추 Cholinergic성 신경계의 학습, 기억 과정에서의 역할 및 나아가 치매의 발생 원인 및 발병 져로 규명에 접근하고자 하였다. 6 주된 Wistar계 웅성 래트에 Cholinergic성 신경계 작용약인 Scopolamine(1 mg/kg), Posostigmine (0.1mg/kg)과 생약인 Ginseng Total Saponine(100 mg/kg), 오미자 추출물 (150 mg/kg)등을 단독 혹은 병용으로 피하와 복강내로 7 일간 반복 투여하면서 Shuttle Box를 이용하여 Active Avoidance 의 습득율을 측정하고 이후 실험동물을 단두치사하여 대뇌피질 영역에서의 Acetylcholine 농도와 Acetylcholinesterase 활성 변화를 Chemi luminosence 법을 이용하여 측정하였다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

출생 이후 머리둘레가 커지는 1개월 남아에게서 뇌초음파상 지주막하 공간이 확장되어 있고 백질의 음영이 증가되어 있었고 뇌 MRI 소견은 sylvian fissure의 확장과 양측 대뇌, 소뇌 피질과 백질이 T1 강조 영상에서 저신호강도와 T2 강조영상에서 고신호강도를 보였고 검사상 GA1 의심되었고 경피생검으로 얻은 섬유아세포 배양에서 glutaryl CoA dehydrogenase의 활성도가 전혀 없어 GA1을 확진하게 되었다. 이후 특수분유인 Glutatex(Abbott사) 수유와 riboflavin, carnitine 보충요법을 시행하여 대사성 위기나 급성 뇌증 위기는 없었고 양호히 발달하는 것을 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.261-264
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• 2005

현재 인간시각의 모델에 관한 많은 연구가 진행중이다. 본 논문에서는 형태정보의 영역대비를 강조하는 무축삭세포의 기능을 반영한 계산론적 망막모델을 제안한다. 무축삭세포는 전달된 물체의 운동정보의 변화를 감지하는 기능을 가지며, 그 감지된 정보를 강조하는 기능이 있다. 본 논문에서는 양극세포에서 출력된 형태정보의 영역대비를 강조한 계산론적 망막모델을 구현하였다. 실험에서는 양극세포의 결과 영상과 무축삭세포의 기능을 처리한 결과영상을 비교하였다. 따라서 무축삭세포의 영역대비 기능을 구현함으로써 대뇌피질에서는 영상의 정보를 효율적으로 처리할 수 있다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2005

Purpose: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy(ALD) is a rare disorder that shows a great deal of phenotypic variability. We subdivided chidhood X-linked ALD patients into several phenotypes by the age at onset, the sites of most severe clinical involvement and the rate of progression of neurologic symptoms. Methods: Thirteen patients who had been diagnosed as X-linked ALD and followed up for at least one year were enrolled from 1996 to 2003. Results: 1. Ten had childhood cerebral ALD, who showed first neurologic symptoms at 7.02 years and progressed rapidly: interval between first symptoms and vegetative state was 1.35 years, and interval from initial symptoms to death was 3.35 years. Treatment with Lorenzo's oil did not prevent neurologic progression. Two patients who underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation died. 2. Two had adolescent cerebral ALD. They had first symptoms at 11.5 years, and showed tendency to progress less rapidly than childhood cerebral form patients. 3. One "Addison only" patient who had adrenal insufficiency without nervous system involvement remained asymptomatic during Lorenzo's oil treatment. 4. All cerebral form patients except one showed the lesions in both parieto-ocipital white matter in brain magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: The cerebral ALD was the most common form in childhood and was asoociated with a serious prognosis.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the role of DWI for the diagnosis of HIE. Materials and Methods : Six patients with HIE underwent MRI including DWI. MR examinations were performed within 4 - 32 days (mean, 11.8 days) after hypoxic brain insult. We assessed the distribution of the lesions and compared the DWI and T2, FLAIR images for the subjective conspicuity of the lesions. Results : In all patients, symmetrical hyperintense lesions were demonstrated in the bilateral basal ganglia on T2, FLAIR, and DWI. On ADC map image, the lesions were hypointense in four of six patients and isointense in other two patients. Lesion conspicuity on DWI was higher than on T2 and FLAIR images in four of six patients and similar in other two patients. For the involvement of the cortex and subcortical white matter, in five of six patients, bilateral symmetric hyperintense lesions were seen on T2, FLAIR, and DWI. Lesion conspicuity on DWI was higher than on T2 and FLAIR images in three of them and similar in other two patients. On ADC map image, the lesions showed hypointensity in three of five patients and isointensity in other two patients. For the involvement of the deep cerebral white matter, T2, FLAIR, and DWI showed bilateral symmetric hyperintense lesions in four of six patients. Among them, Lesion conspicuity on DWI was higher than on T2 and FLAIR images in only one patient. Conclusion : HIE is characterized by symmetrical hyperintense lesions in the bilateral basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, and white matter on DWI and the lesions are more conspicuously demonstrated on DWI than on T2 and FLAIR images.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 2019

Recent studies reported that obesity upregulated the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and regulated particular behavior patterns in animal models. They also reported that ameliorated the increase in nNOS expression and decreased depression and anxiolytic effects. Thus, exercise seems to be an effective strategy for improving brain function by downregulating nNOS. However, the immune response differs greatly, depending on the exercise intensity. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in brain nNOS expression in obese C57BL/6 mice that performed exercise of different intensities. Obesity was induced in 6-wks-old mice (n=35) by feeding a 60%-fat diet for 6-wks. A control (CON) group (n=14) was fed a normal diet. At the end of the induction 6-wks period of obesity, seven animals in the CON group and obesity-induced group were sacrificed to confirm obesity induction (preliminary experiments and confirmation of visceral fat accumulation). The remaining animals were then used in an 8-wks exercise intervention. Other than the CON (n=7), the obesity-induced animals were divided into the following groups: high-fat diet (HFD, n=7), HFD-low intensity (HFD-LI, n=7, 12 m/min for 75 min), HFD-moderate intensity (HFD-MI, n=7, 15 m/min for 60 min), and HFD-high intensity (HFD-HI, n=7, 18 m/min for 50 min). The exercise was performed on an animal treadmill. The expression of the nNOS protein in the hippocampus was significantly higher in the HFD group as compared with that in the CON group (p<0.01). However, there was no difference in the hippocampal expression of the nNOS protein in the other exercise groups as compared with that in the CON group. In contrast, nNOS expression in the HFD-HI group was significantly lower than that in the HFD-LI group (p<0.05). The expression of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) was significantly higher in all the exercise groups as compared with that in the CON and HFD groups. There was no difference in the expression of pAkt in the cerebral cortex among groups, and the expression of pAkt in the cerebellum was significantly higher in the HFD-HI group as compared with that in the CON group (p<0.05). There were also no between-group differences in pAkt expression in the cerebellum among the various exercise groups. In conclusion, nNOS seems to be overexpressed in response to obesity, and it appears to be downregulated by exercise. Relatively high-intensity exercise may be effective in improving brain function by downregulating nNOS.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.267-297
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• 2017

The anatomical structure of the brain reflects a great amount of information about an individual's cognitive ability. The present study reviewed research on developmental changes in brain structure in relation to biological maturation and intellectual growth focusing on children and adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to achieve an understanding of how children and adolescents' brain matures with development and also to examine whether individual differences in intelligence influences the development of brain structure. The first section introduces methods of measurement and analysis of brain structure, such as voxel-based morphometry and structural covariance. The second section reviews studies on the biological maturation of the brain and variables that influence brain development such as sex, environmental factors, and mental disorders, etc. The third section introduces the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory of intelligence and reviews studies on the association between intelligence and developmental changes of the brain, including changes in structural covariance and functional connectivity. We conclude with a discussion on educational/clinical implications of this work and directions for future studies.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of cerebral response to motor tasks in patients with schizophrenia compared with normal subjects using functional MRI. Materials and methods ; Nine right handed-schizophrenic patients and six right-handed normal subjects were included. We used right hand movement as task. Series of 120 consecutive echo-planar images per section were acquired during three cycles of task and rest activations. Lateralization index of cortical response was measured and compared between patients and normal subjects. Results ; Right hand motor task was associated with greater activation in left sensorimotor cortex than the right in normal subjects. Schizophrenia patients showed relatively decreased activation in left cortex and increased activation in right cortex compared with normal subjects. In one patient, reversed lateralization was noted. Conclusion : Normal hemispheric asymmetry of cortical response to motor task was found in different pattern in schizophrenia. Our result is consistent with functional disturbance of motor circuitry in this disorder. Functional MRI will play an important role in diagnosis and research of this disorder.