• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.249-277
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• 2019

This study examined the involuntary retirement of executives in conglomerates based on Williams' need-threat temporal model of ostracism(2009), which explains the psychology of individuals facing social exclusion in the stages of reflexive, reflective and resignation. In-depth interviews were conducted on 15 retirees from conglomerates, and their contents were used for phenomenological method of analysis. As a result, in the reflexive stage of need-threat temporal model of ostracism, they experienced cognitive panic and emotional panic immediately following retirement. Due to an unexpected shocking experience of retirement notice, they experienced cognitive numbness first, and repressed the following negative feelings cognitively to hide them. In the reflective stage, retirees dream of 'a complete restoration to their best performance in the past', but as such expectation fails, they don't adjust to the reality more due to 'unrealistic thought', 'self-deception', and 'shift responsibility'. In resignation stage, a long-term failure to satisfy the desire led them to experience a sense of defeat and helplessness. Such results were reviewed and compared to Williams' need-threat temporal model of ostracism, and the implications of such result on the nation, companies and retirees in terms of the response to retirement.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.379-407
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• 2020

This study examined the psychological and social factors of middle-aged conglomerate executives in Korea for successful adaptation after their involuntary retirement. For this, in-depth interviews on 13 retired executives (male, average age 58.2) including changes over time and their assessment or interpretation on them were conducted, and the contents were analyzed in phenomenological methods. As a result, 'financial preparation' and 'spousal support' were predisposing factors of adaptation. The starting point of adaptation was 'acceptance of reality', which consisted of subfactors such as reevaluating the past life, acknowledging various changes and deviating from the past, accepting themselves as common retiree in the 50s, living with anxiety, and the need of proper time. Next, they made cognitive and emotional reevaluations and reevaluated the value of life, and reestablished 'psychological reconstruction' and 'ego identity' through new activities that they chose. Their retirement and adaptation processes after retirement are the conflicting process from their experience as a conglomerate executive that satisfied psychological and social capital and the consequent story on maladaptive coping style, as well as a narration in cognitive, emotional and behavioral perspectives to overcome such disharmony. Results of this study provides implications for corporations, nation and retirees on handling retirement.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2019

This paper understands small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) with the lenses of 'labors' and 'technology' and analyzes possible alternatives for creating jobs in Korea. Interviews with eighty CEOs, directors, managers are conducted during the summer in 2017. In terms of 'labors,' critical issues were 'low income' and 'income gap from conglomerates.' When it comes to 'technology,' support for R&D was critically presented. This study proposes three policies for creating jobs: 1) National Management for Good Technicians, 2) Technical Bidding System, and 3) Mutual benefit disclosure System. Implications for the employment policy are followed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.69-70
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• 2013

시공간을 초월한 홍보의 최적 도구인 인터넷은 모든 세대와 계층을 아우르는 보편적인 서비스로 사회적인 영향력이 점차 확대되고 있다. 글로벌 홍보가 필요한 대기업 종합상사 7곳, 중견기업의 회장 및 임원들의 기업 29곳, 월드클래스 300 기업 중 30곳 도합 66개 기업체의 영문홈페이지의 공지사항, 보도자료, 비디오 등을 대상으로 소스코드 분석하였다. 영문 홈페이지를 통하여 글로벌 기업의 홍보를 극대화시키기 위해서는 웹표준, 웹접근성 등의 문자적인 기준을 지켜야 하며, 의미적 기준도 지켜져야만 한다. 본 논문에서는 의미적인 기준에 초점을 두고, 글로벌 온라인 마케팅 영향을 확인할 수 있는 20개 분석요소를 선정하고, 대상기업의 홈페이지 기준현황을 세부적으로 분석한 후, 최적 홍보의 기초적인 전략에 대해서 검토하였다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.585-592
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relation between executive excesss compensation and credit rating. According to the prior research which show the negative effects of excess compensation on a firm's future performance, this paper expects the negative effect of excess compensation on credit rating. Using a sample of Korean listed non-financial firms from 2014 to 2019, I perform the multivariate regressions analysis of excess compensation on credit rating. I find that excess compensation is negatively related to credit rating when executive compensation exceed expected executive compensation. Moreover, I find that the result is constant when a fim belongs to small-medium business. These results show that credit rating is affected by executive excess compensation and the relation could be different by the type of firm's size. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature by suggesting the possibility that capital market is aware of negative effect of executive excess compensation.