• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.12 no.1 s.15
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• pp.15-25
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• 2003

It is well known that the salt in stoneworks impact on damage of stone by various methods. Various kind of salt is detected in high content in the black surface layer of stone monuments and it is required about origin and roles of salts on blackening to considerate. In this study have been investigated the characteristics of salt in the black crust of sandstone and limestone which used in historical monuments in Berlin, Germany. Salt was analyzed for cation by Atomic Absorption and Atomic Emission Spectroscopy and for anion by ion Chromatograph. The representative ions are $Ca^{2+}\;and\;SO_4^{-2}$ in all samples and the most obvious combinations was proved in calcium sulfate by statistical methods. Because gypsum was detected by X-ray diffraction analyses in the black crusts, this calcium sulfate was confirmed by 2 hydrate type. The probable origin of Ca is air particle in atmosphere around sandstone and calcite in mother rock in limestone, and that of S is polluted air and mortar which used as conservation works.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.315-333
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• 2009

In this study, the hydrochemical and the isotopic characteristics of major streams in the Daejeon area were investigated during rainy and dry seasons. The stream water shows the electrical conductivity of the range of $37{\sim}527{\mu}s$/cm, and pH $6.21{\sim}9.83$. The chemical composition of stream waters can be grouped as three types: the upper streams of Ca(Mg)-$HCO_3$ type, Ca(Mg)-$SO_4(Cl)$ type of middle streams flowing through urban area, and Na(Ca)-$HCO_3$(Cl, $SO_4$) type of the down streams. Based on in-situ investigation, the high pH of stream waters flowing through urban area is likely to be caused by the inflow of a synthetic detergent discharging from the apartment complex. The electrical conductivity of stream waters at a dry season is higher than those of at a rainy season. We suggest that the hydro-chemical composition of stream waters in the Daejeon area was affected by the discharging water from the sewage treatment facilities and anthropogenic contaminants as well as the interaction with soil and rocks. ${\delta}D$ and ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of the stream waters show the relationship of ${\delta}D=6.45{\delta}^{18}O-7.4$, which is plotted at a lower area than global meteoric water line(GMWL) of Craig(1961). It is likely that this isotopic range results from the evaporation effect of stram waters and the change of an air mass. The isotope value shows an increasing trend from upper stream to lower stream, that reflects the isotopic altitude effect. The relationship between ${\delta}^{13}C$ and $EpCO_2$ indicates that the carbon as bicarbonate in stream water is mainly originated from $CO_2$ in the air and organic materials. The increasing trend of ${\delta}^{13}C$ value from upper stream waters to lower stream waters can be attributed to the following reasons: (1) an increasing dissolution of $CO_2$ gas from a contaminated air in downtown area of the Daejeon, and (2) the increment of an inorganic carbon of groundwater inflowed into stream by base flow. Based on the relationship between ${\delta}^{34}S$ and $SO_4$ of stream waters, the stream waters can be divided into four groups. $SO_4$ content increases as a following order: upper and middle Gab stream${\delta}^{34}S$ value decreases as above order. ${\delta}^{34}S$ value indicates that sulfur of stream waters is mainly originated from atmosphere, and is additionally supplied by pyrite source according to the increase of sulfate content. The sulfur isotope analysis of a synthetic detergent and sewage water as a potential source of the sulfur in stream waters is furtherly needed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.1-489
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• 2003

환경보전의 초석을 쌓아 올렸던 20세기를 뒤로하고 새로운 기술 도약과 발전을 지향하는 21세기를 맞이하는 가운데, 어느덧 우리 학회도 창립 20주년을 맞이하게 되었습니다. 1983년 ‘한국대기보전학회’하는 학회명으로 출범하였던 우리학회는 1998년 현재의 ‘한국대기환경학회’로 명칭을 변경하여 현재에 이르기까지 대기환경분야의 인재양성, 학술연구과 정책방안 제시 등 수많은 활동들을 펼쳐왔습니다. 특히, 2001년에는 제12차 세계대전보전대회(IUAPPA 12th World Clean Air and Environment Congress ＆ Exhibition)를 성황리에 개최하였으며, 2002년 12월에는 우리 학회지가 KSCI로 등재되는 등 명실공히, ‘세계 속의 학회’로 발전하기에 이르렀습니다. 이제 20살의 청년으로 성장한 우리 학회는 숨가쁘게 뛰어온 지난 과정을 되돌아보고 한 단계 더 높이 도약하기 위하여, 그 동안의 다양한 활동과 사연을 정리하여 학회 창립 20주년 기념집인 ‘대기환경 20년사’를 발간하게 되었습니다. 본 기념집에는 학회 활동을 한눈에 보여주는 화보와 역대 회장님들의 회고를 비롯하여 대기환경의 주요 분야를 대상으로 각 분야의 과거, 현재, 미래에 관한 고견 등을 담았습니다. 부디 20주년 기념집이 살아있는 ‘대기환경보전’의 지침서로서 앞으로 대기환경을 연구하는 많은 사람들에게 유용한 자료가 되기를 기원하는 바입니다. 우리 학회의 오늘이 있기까지 학회 발전을 위하여 최선을 다해주신 선배님들과 회원들의 노고에 심심한 감사를 드립니다. 이제 ‘성년’으로 성장한 우리 학회는 ‘세계속의 학회’로서 우리 학회에 부여된 시대적 소명을 인식하고 우리나라뿐만 아니라 전 지구의 대기환경보전과 대기환경분야의 인재 양성에 일익을 담당하는 학술기관으로 거듭날 것을 다짐하는 바입니다. 끝으로, 본 기념집이 발간되기까지 수고를 아끼지 않으신 조강래 위원장을 비롯한 20주년 특별위원회 위원들과, 귀한 시간을 내주시어 기념집 옥고를 작성해주신 집필진, 그리고 기념집의 완성도를 높이기 위하여 수고한 사무국 간사님들께 심심한 감사 인사를 드립니다. 또, 본 기념집의 발간을 기꺼이 후원해 주신 기업체 여러분께도 고마운 마음을 전합니다. 학회 창립 20주년을 회원 여러분과 함께 축하하며, 회원 여러분의 무궁한 발전과 건투를 바라마지 않습니다. 우리 학회는 ‘21세기 푸른하늘의 꿈’을 회원 여러분과 함께 이루어 갈 것입니다. 감사합니다

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.505-515
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• 2020

The Yellow Sea and northern East China Sea contain a transgressive sand layer. Numerous sedimentary studies have been carried out in these sand deposits using seismic exploration and core sediment techniques, but few mineralogical studies have been reported. The major purposes of this study are to describe the distributions of heavy minerals throughout the Yellow sea and northern East China Sea and to identify the provenance of coarse sediments using the mineral chemistry. Eight heavy mineral species were identified in the study area (epidote, amphibole, garnet, zircon, sphene, rutile, apatite, and monazite). The study region was divided into six areas (areas A to F) based on heavy mineral distributions and sampling locations. In mineral chemistry, the amphiboles present are classified as edenite and hornblende in the calcic amphibole group, and the garnets are identified primarily as almandine in the pyralspite group. A combined data set of heavy mineral distributions and mineral chemistry showed clear differentiation of the characteristics of the six classified areas, enabling determination of provenance and sedimentary environment. Area A and B in the eastern Yellow Sea were originated from the Korean peninsula, and these regions showed different heavy mineral characteristics by tidal current and coastal current. In addition, monazite was only found in the area B and could be used as an indicator from the southwestern Korean peninsula. Area D and E in the western Yellow Sea showed the characteristics of sediments originating from the Huanghe, and sediment in the area E was derived from the Changjiang. Area C in the northern East China Sea appeared to have Changjiang-origin sediment, and abundant apatite indicated that area C was formed close to the Last Glacial Maximum.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.659-669
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationship between occurrence of natural radioactive materials such as ²³⁸U and ²²²Rn and original mixing ratio of helium isotope of groundwater from various geology, and to suggest the underground aquifer environment from helium original mixing data. 9 groundwater samples were collected from five study areas, and ²³⁸U, Rn-222 and helium isotope were analyzed. A high ²³⁸U content of the range of 218~477 ㎍ /L in the groundwater occurs in the twomica granite. ⁴He air-crust mixing ratio and the Rn-222 content show a rough relation, that is, Rn-222 content increases according to the increase of ⁴He crust mixing ratio. Because of helium and radon are an inert gas, their behavior in underground environment is assumed as an analogous. The ²³⁸U content and He isotope in groundwater does not show any distinct correlation. The groundwater can be classified as three groups (air, air-crust mixing, crust-mantle mixing origin) on the diagram of ³He/⁴He vs ⁴He/²⁰Ne, which is composed of original mixing line from air-crust-mantle end members. This original mixing of helium can provide the information of underground aquifer characteristic such as the connection with surface environment or isolation condition from air environment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.567-575
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• 2021

Residents in Dangjin, South Chungcheong Province, in which large-scale emissions facilities such as coal-fired power plants and steel mills are concentrated, are very much concerned about their health despite the local government's aggressive efforts to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gases. To understand the impact of coal-fired power plants and external factors on local air pollution, the origins of local pollutants were investigated using stable carbon isotopes that are generally used as tracers of the provenance of fine or ultrafine dust. The origins of the pollutants were analyzed with the data library, built using the seasonally measured data for the two separate locations selected considering the distance from the coal-fired power plant and the analysis of previous studies, and with the back trajectory analysis. As a result of analyzing stable isotope ratios, the tendency of high concentration was found in the order of winter > spring > fall > summer. According to the data matching with the library, the mobile pollutants and open-air incineration had a relatively higher impact on the local air pollution. It is believed that this study, as a pilot study, should focus on securing the reliability of the study results through continuous monitoring and data accumulation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.627-633
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• 2003

The PM$_{10}$ concentration and chemical composition in an western area of Busan were surveyed between March, 2001 and February, 2002. The mean concentration was 98.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ with a range of 18.1 to 330.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥. The magnitude of metallic elements in PM$_{10}$ is as follows in decreasing order: K>Ca>Na>Al>Fe. The mean values of crustal enrichment factors for four elements (Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn) were all higher than 10, which presumably resulted from the effect of anthropogenic origin. Moreover, the wintertime values were higher than springtime and summertime values, possibly due to emissions westerly transported from industries around this area. The contribution of soil particle to airborne particle in the study area was estimated to be 9.5%.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.10 no.8 s.99
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• pp.40-42
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• 1977

우리는 산높고 물맑은 복된 땅에서 살고 있음을 얼마만큼 고맙게 여기고 있는가? 한국을 다녀가는 외국인은 이구동성으로 우리 고장의 기후, 특히 쾌청한 하늘을 부러워하고 맑은 그 고루 갖춘 사계절을 탐내고 떠나는 것을 본다. 니러나 이같은 환경이 언제까지나 보존될 것이며 물의 수급균형은 유지될 것인가? 늘어나는 서울의 인구와 이에따른 대기의 오염 급수난 우리의 자연을 다시한번 생각해 보자 자유재로 경시되던 물 "맑은물"이미 기원전 6세기에 그리이스 철인 타래스는 만물은 물로서 된다고 했다 물은 생명의 근원인가? 물의 값이 인정되는 오늘날 물을 아끼자 . 적절히 이용하자 목마른 사슴이 시내물을 사모하듯 그 고마움을 알자<다음글은 "자원정보"에서 옮긴 것임>

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.35-38
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• 2003

아황산가스(SO$_2$)는 일차 대기오염물질 중의 하나이며, 수용성인 무색의 자극성 가스로써 주 배출원은 황을 함유하고 있는 석탄과 석유가 연소되는 공정과 금속 제련공정, 기타 산업공정 등으로 볼 수 있다. 최근 선진국들은 배출 규제를 통하여 아황산가스 배출량을 감소시켜왔으나, 개발도상국의 아황산가스 배출은 매년 증가하여 전 세계적으로는 증가 추세에 있다 (Agrawal and Deepak, 2003).(중략)

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.47.4-48
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• 2018

밀러-유리 실험은 1950년대 처음으로 초기 지구의 대기 방전 실험으로 아미노산을 합성한 실험이다. 생명의 기원에 대한 내용이 교과서나 책에 실릴 때마다 빠지지 않고 등장하는 실험으로, 학생들의 탐구 활동 연구주제로 실험을 설계하여 진행하였다. 실험실 설계부터 시작하여 실험 과정인 유리기구 세척, 진공 만들기, 기체주입과 방전실험을 소개한다. 실험 장치가 완성 된 후, 실험 시간 23시간 중 약 4시간 동안 방전하여 갈색 용액을 얻는데 성공하였다. 아민기와 반응하는 ninhydrin 반응에서 양성반응을 보여 아미노산 수용액임을 확인하였다.