• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.407-412
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• 1995

Experiments were conducted to obtain information on separation of nonviable seeds from seed lots by the nondestructive ways. Seeds of sesame, welsh onion and lettuce were artificially aged at 90% relative humidity and 45$^{\circ}C$ to get different seed qualities. The relationships between seed quality and leakage of total sugars, amino acids, and proteins into soaking water were determined to know a possibility of grading seeds. Dead seeds of lettuce leaked significant amounts of total sugars, amino acids, and proteins, while high quality seeds leaked negligeable amounts of total sugars and some of amino acids and proteins. Dead seeds of welsh onion leaked significant amounts of amino acids and some total sugars and proteins, while high quality seeds leaked negligeable amounts of these compounds. Sesame seeds leaked little total sugars, amino acids, and proteins regardless of seed quality.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to identify the effect of several plant growth retardants on changes of endogenous free sugar and protein content in seedlings of Sedirea japonica cultured in vitro. The content of free sugar in the leaf was decreased as the treated growth retardant concentration was increased. Glucose content was higher than fructose and sucrose content in the leaf. Free sugar content of the root was increased as concentrations of growth retardants were increased. Sucrose content was higher compared with the content of fructose and glucose. The content of protein in the leaf was decreased as the growth retardants concentration was increased, but the tendency of protein content in the root was contrary to that in the leaf.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 1999

Periodate-oxidized soluble starch and maltohexaose, maltotetraose, maltose, and glyceraldehyde reacted with sweet potato ${\beta}-amylase$, wheat ${\beta}-amylase$, aldolase, bovine serum albumin, catalase, carboxypeptidase, ferritin and pronase. Electrophoretical mobility of modified proteins was different from that of native proteins, and modified proteins were stained with periodic acid-Schiff while native proteins did not stain. This results means that oxidized sugars attached on proteins. This bond is based on the Schiffs base between CHO group of oxidized sugar and ${\varepsilon}-NH_2$ group of lysine of protein. There is no changed UV absorption spectrum of sweet potato ${\beta}-amylase$ modified with oxidized soluble starch, in comparison with native enzyme.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.409-413
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine to which differences in the source of protein (soy vs casein) and of isoflavones in soy protein are responsible for differential effects of bone mineral density and bone mineral content. Thirty 21-d-old Sprague-Dawley young rats were divided into 3 groups: the control group was find a casein-based diet, the soy concentrate group was fed soy protein with totally reduced isoflavones content (isoflavone 0.07 mg/g protein), and soy isolate group was fed with a higher isoflavone content (isoflavone 3.4 mg/g protein) than normal. The animal was scanned to determine the BMD and BMC using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, Lunar Corporation, Madison, WI). The soy concentrate group had significantly higher total body calcium/weight and total mineral content/weight than the casein group. The soy isolate group had significantly greater total bone mineral density/weight, spine bone mineral density/weight, and femoral bone mineral density (in g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ than the control and soy concentrate group. The findings of this study suggest that soy protein and isoflavones in soy protein are beneficial for bone-formation in growing male rats. Therefore exposure to these soy protein and isoflavones early in life may have long-term health benefits for bone diseases such as osteoporosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1353-1358
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• 2004

This study was conducted to increase crude protein and reducing sugar contents in pollen extracts by proteases. Four commercial neutral proteases (Alcalase 2.4L, Protamex, Flavozyme and Protease A) and two alkaline proteases (Protease S and Protease P) were used to prepare acorn and Darae pollen extracts. Contents of moisture, ash, crude protein and crude fat of acorn pollen were 5.2%, 2.7%, 6.2% and 22.3%, respectively, while those of Darae pollen were 5.4%, 2.8%, 1.8% and 27.8%, respectively. Contents of crude protein and reducing sugar in pollen extracts were increased by proteases. Alcalase 2.4L was the most effective in increasing protein contents while Protease A in increasing reducing sugar contents. It is suggested the use of proteases is one of the potential methods for increasing the contents of crude protein and reducing sugar in preparation of pollen extracts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.851-858
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• 2023

Unique cartilage matrix-associated protein (UCMA) is an extrahepatic vitamin K-dependent protein rich in γ-carboxylated (Gla) residues. UCMA has been recognized for its ability to promote osteoblast differentiation and enhance bone formation; however, its impact on osteoblasts under hyperglycemic stress remains unknown. In this paper, we investigated the effect of UCMA on MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells under hyperglycemic conditions. After exposure to high glucose, the MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with recombinant UCMA proteins. CellROX and MitoSOX staining showed that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which initially increased under high-glucose conditions in MC3T3-E1 cells, decreased after UCMA treatment. Additionally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed increased expression of antioxidant genes, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and superoxide dismutase 1, in the MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to both high glucose and UCMA. UCMA treatment downregulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1, which reduced its translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. Moreover, the expression of dynamin-related protein 1, a mitochondrial fission marker, was upregulated, and AKT signaling was inhibited after UCMA treatment. Overall, UCMA appears to mitigate ROS production, increase antioxidant gene expression, impact mitochondrial dynamics, and modulate AKT signaling in osteoblasts exposed to high-glucose conditions. This study advances our understanding of the cellular mechanism of UCMA and suggests its potential use as a novel therapeutic agent for bone complications related to metabolic disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2002

The contribution of lipid to thermal flayer generation from glucose-protein reaction was accomplished by isolating flavor compounds from casein-glucose (CG)and casein-glucose-coin oil (CGL) which were stored for 2 and 4 weeks at 6$0^{\circ}C$ and then reacted at 16$0^{\circ}C$ for 1hr. The volatiles from the reactant mixtures were isolated by a solvent extraction method with methylene chloride and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pyrazine, methylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-dimethylpyrazine ,2-ethy-5- methyIpyrazine and 2-acetylpyrrole originated from interaction of thermal degradation of casein and lipid oxidation were identified in the CGL samples. It was also found that 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-cyclopene-1,4-diode, heptanal, nonanal, and 2-heptanone were derived from lipid source. Two additional fatty acids, heptanoic acid and octanoic acid were also identified in the CGL samples. 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, the most abundant volatile, was responsible for the formation of sugar degradation product. The results suggested that the presence of lipid in the samples had more effect on the contribution of volatile formation of glucose-protein thermal reaction than the absence of lipid in the samples.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.82
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• pp.293-297
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• 2007

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is an attractive reporter for bioprocess monitoring. A fluorescence-based method was developed to quantify GFP levels in transgenic plants and protein extracts. In this study, GFP was produced and secreted from suspension cells derived from transgenic rice. The RAmy3E promoter placed before the GFP gene controlled by sugars such as sucrose. The effects of sucrose concentration on the secretion of GFP and total protein into the medium were investigated in batch suspension culture. It was possible, therefore, to induce the expression of the GFP by removing sucrose from the cultured media or by allowing the rice suspension cells to deplete sucrose catabolically. The dry cell weight (7.06 g/L) and GFP level were detected as highest at 12%, 3% sucrose after 20 day culture, respectively. However secreted GFP fluorescence at the other sucrose concentrations (6%, 12%, 18% and 24%) were a little amount in media.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.511-518
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• 2018

Initiation of spore germination in filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus nidulans and Botrytis cinerea requires the presence of nutrients. In this study, involvement of sugar sensing machinery was suggested in the germination of A. nidulans spores. Germination did not occur when the spores of A. nidulans were incubated in distilled water, whereas they were successfully germinated in the presence of 5% glucose with a germination rate of over 98% after 6hr incubation. Similar results were obtained when the spores were incubated in the presence of various sugars such as fructose, sucrose, and starch. Interestingly, spore germination was not observed in the presence of D-arabinose, whereas L-arabinose could induce germination as determined by the formation of germ tubes, indicating the presence of sugar sensing machinery that distinguish between the enantiomers of sugars. This inference was further supported by a decrease in germination rate (less than 25%) upon treatment of spores with trypsin. Subsequent MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis of the surface proteins of spores identified ten proteins among which eight were involved in sugar metabolism. Taken together, our results suggest that spore germination in A. nidulans is initiated by the interaction of sugars with sugar binding proteins on the surface of spores.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.91-92
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• 2003

비태인의 급여(0, 600 ppm)가 사료의 단백질 수준(14, 16 ％)에 따라 산란계의 생산성과 난품질, 혈액성상, 간과 가슴육의 일반성분에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 83주령 하이라인 산란계 192수를 이용하여 12주간 사양실험을 실시하였다. 기초사료는 에너지 수준이 2,800 kcal/kg, methionine과 lysine, cystine의 수준은 단백질 수준에 비례하도록 하였다. 조사항목으로 산란율과 난중, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율, 계란품질은 4주 간격으로 측정했다. 실험 종료시 복강지방과 혈액중 total protein과 albumin, BUN, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol 함량, 간의 methionine, choline 함량, 간과 가슴육의 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 함량을 측정하였다. 산란율은 단백질 수준에 따라 증가하였으며(P＜0.05) 비태인 급여에 의한 차이는 없었다. 난중은 단백질과 비태인 급여로 증가하였으며(P＜0.05) 산란양은 단백질 수준이 증가할수록 감소하였다(P＜0.05). 비태인 급여로 사료 요구율은 현저하게 개선되었지만(P＜0.05), 계란의 품질은 차이가 없었다. 혈청 total protein은 비태인 급여로 현저히 증가하였으며 특히 단백질 14 ％ 급여구에서 크게 증가하였다(P＜0.05). 복강지방 함량은 단백질 수준과 비태인 급여에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 가슴육과 간의 조단백질 함량은 사료의 단백질 수준에 따라 증가하였다(P＜0.05). 간의 조지방 함량은 비태인의 급여로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 간의 methionine 함량은 단백질과 비태인 수준에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 choline 함량은 비태인의 급여에 의해서만 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 비태인의 급여는 단백질 수준이 높은 조건에서 산란율을 개선시키고 난중을 증가시키며 사료 요구율을 개선한다.록 산가는 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있다. 홍국주의 전자 공여능에 의한 항산화력은 25.6%, 아질산염 소거능은 27.6%, Total phenolic compound 함량은 12.34mg%, ACE저해작용은 38%의 항산화력을 나타냈다.과 $O_2$와 $CO_2$의 농도에서 평균오차 0.2%로 정밀한 것으로 나타났으며 호흡속도 측정용 챔버의 혼합기체 공급측과 배기측의 가스 농도를 3회 반복 측정한 결과 재현성에서는 0.1%이하의 편차로 나타났다. 개방계 호흡속도 자동 측정 시스템을 이용하여 환경기체조성하에서 토마토의 호흡속도를 측정하는 실측 실험을 수행한 결과 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 12.7~42.1mg$CO_2$/kg.hr였으며 12$^{\circ}C$에서 2.5~8.2mg$CO_2$/kg.hr로 일반적으로 보고되고 있는 토마토 호흡속도와 일치하는 결과를 나타내었다.다.환원당인 sucrose 함량은 계속 증가하였고 fructose, glucose, sorbitol의 함량(추황의 sorbitol을 제외)은 생장이 촉진됨에 따라 증가하다가 다시 점차적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 총당과 환원당의 측정결과와 일치한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 배의 성장에 따라 산 함량은 감소하였고 당 함량은 증가하였다.luco-pyranoside, quercetin 7-O- -glucopyranoside, acacetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucuronide and apigenin-6-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside were first isolated and identified from safflower leaf. Among these flavonoids, luteolin