• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 1971

The effect and osmotic characteristics of sugars for the growth of Saccharomyces rouxii $T_9$ were examined and their results obtained were as follows. (1) The best effective sugars for the growth of Saccharomyces rouxii $T_9$ were inulin, fructose and maltose. (2) Glucose, saccharose, galactose and arabinose were more effective on the media containing 20 percent of NaCl than containing none of NaCl, while fructose, inulin, xylose, sorbitol, raffinose, mannitol, mannose, trehalose and rhamnose were more effective on the media containing none of NaCl. (3) Maltose and lactose were excellent for the growth of Saccharomyces rouxii $T_9$ as addition of 5 to 10 percent on the media containing NaCl and more good in case of 15 percent or more addition on the media containing none of NaCl. (4) Saccharomyces rouxii $T_9$ was generally grown well on the media at the range of containing 15 to 30 percent of sugar concentration. (5) Saccharomyces rouxii $T_9$ was grown up to 80 percent concentration of glucose and 90 of saccharose and maltose.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the sugars intake through processed foods and its related factors in college students. Methods: The findings of this study was based on the data obtained from the self-administered questionnaire survey of the sugars intake through processed foods. The self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 245 college students between March and April, 2015. Results: The amount of sugars intake through processed foods was 45.9g in male collegians and 47.1g in female collegians. In the bivariate analysis, the amount of sugars intake was significantly different by department of major, current smoking status, subjective health status in female collegians (p<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, the amount of sugars intake was related significantly with current drinking status, sleeping time, degree of depression in male students and student's department of major, current smoking status, whether or not of snack intake in female (p<0.05). Conclusions: The program for college students to decrease the sugars intake through processed foods would be necessary, especially in student of non-health department.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.888-896
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• 2014

The effects of sugar substances (oligosaccharide, xylitol and erythritol) as alternative ingredients to sucrose on the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of aronia jam were evaluated. The different types of sweeteners did not influence the pH, total acidity and sugar contents of the jam. The sucrose-containing jam showed the highest spreadness, while the oligosaccharide and erythritol-containing jams showed lower spreadness. In the chromaticity determination, the sucrose-containing jam showed the lowest L, a and b values compared with the other sweetener groups. There were no significant differences in the total polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanin contents in the jams. The antioxidant activity indicated by the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities was over 70%. Sensory evaluation indicated the xylitol-containing jam to have the best preference in taste, flavor and overall acceptance. These results suggested that xylitol may be a good sugar substance in aronia jam.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.235-239
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• 1973

Studies were made on the sugars composition in dried lavers (Porphyra yezoensis Ueda) and changes in the contents of sugars during the storage under a dry and a humid conditions respectively. 1) No notable difference was observed in the glucose content between those dried lavers samples, which were stored under dry and humid conditions. Galactose content showed little change under a dry condition, but under a humid condition rapidly increased to a maximum of about ten times of its initial amount and then decreased gradually. 2) The content of floridoside rapidly decreased under a humid condition while slowly decreased under a dry condition, of which tendency is a contrast to that of galactose. 3) One of the unidentified components, which is deduced to be isofloridoside, showed a fluctuation pattern, which bears resemblance to that of floridoside.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.610-617
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• 2000

The indigestible dextrin with high indigestible fraction was prepared by treating the enzyme hydrolysate of pyrodextrin with ethanol or strongly acidic cation exchange resin(UBK 530). Optimum conditions of ethanol treatment for preparing the indigestible dextrin from $\alpha-amylase$ and amyloglucosidase treated hydrolysate were determined based on the indigestible fraction, dietary fiber content, and yield. Ethanol was added 5-fold by weight to 30%(w/w) enzyme hydrolysate, and the mixture was kept at room temperature for 3 hr. Low molecular weight saccharides containing glucose and high molecular weight saccharides were separated by strongly acidic cation exchange resin. While initial enzyme hydrolysate by $\alpha-amylase$ and amyloglucosidase showed 43.6% of DPI(glucose) and 51.1% of DP4+(maltotetraose and over), the indigestible dextrin collected to 50% of initial enzyme hydrolysate by treatment of cation exchange resin showed 7.1% of DPI(glucose) and 91.2% of DP4+(maltotetraose and over). In conclusion, 44.5% of indigestible fraction of initial enzyme hydrolysate increased to 78.9% after separation of low molecular weight saccharides.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 1983

The differences in the electron microscopic fine structures of the wing imaginal discs of the vestigial (vg), wing mutant and wild type of Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. The materials used in this study were collected at ten hours intervals from the late third instar larvae of the both stocks. The fine structural changes during differentiation were as follows: 1. In wild type lipid droplets were coalesced and converted to glycogen, while no changes were observed in the mutatn vestigial. 2. Degeneration of the cells by phagocytosis were observed not only from the mutatn vestigial, but from the wild type. However, degenerative feature of the wild type was poor. 3. Dented structures of tracheole showed little differences between wild type and the mutant vestigial. But the tracheole diameter of the wild type became wider in the course of differentiation, while the mutant vestigial narrow. Although mutant vestigial develops normally during early embryogenesis, the late third instar larvae shows defficiency in gluconeogenesis, converting fatty acid to glycogen. This, together with the predominant cell degeneration by phagocytosis and poorly developed tracheole, seems to effect on the expression of the vestigial phenotype.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1020-1025
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• 1995

A new method was developed to prepare ${\beta}-1$, 4-mannotriose by the enzymatic hydrolysis of white copra meal and the subsequent elimination of monosaccharides and mannobiose from the resulted hydrolysate with a yeast. The optimum pH and temperature for the mannanase were 6 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The mannanase was stable between pH 5.5 and 7 after 2hr treatment at $30^{\circ}C$. White copra meal(70g) was hgydrolyzed with the mannanase(3,450units/500ml) at pH 6 and $50^{\circ}C$ for 24hr. The hydolysis products were monosaccharides, mannobiose and mannotriose. By the elimination of monosaccharides and mannobiose from the hydrolysis products with Candida guilliermondii IFO 0556, 12.1g of mannotriose was obtained without the use of chromatographic techiniques.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.776-788
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• 2012

Octa[8-{4-(4'-cyanophenylazo)phenoxy}]octyl and octa[8-{4-(4'-cyanophenylazo)phenoxycarbonyl}]heptanoated disaccharide derivatives were synthesized by reacting cellobiose, maltose, and lactose with 1-{4-(4'-cyanophenylazo) phenoxy}octylbromide or 1-{4-(4'-cyanophenylazo)phenoxycarbonyl}]heptanoyl chloride, and their thermotropic liquid crystalline and photochemical phase transition behavior were investigated. All the {(cyanophenylazo)phenoxy} octyl disaccharide ethers (CADETs) formed monotropic nematic (N) phases, whereas all the {(cyanophenylazo) phenoxycarbonyl}heptanoated disaccharide esters (CADESs) exhibited enantiotropic N phases. Compared with CADETs, CADESs showed higher isotropic (I)-to-N phase transition temperatures. Photoirradiation of the disaccharide derivatives in a glass cell or in a cell with a rubbed polyimide (PI) alignment layer at a N phase resulted in disappearance of the N phase due to trans-cis photoisomerization of azobenzene, and the initial N phase was recovered when the irradiated sample was kept in the dark because of cis-trans thermal isomerization and reorientation of trans-azobenzenes. The rates of the photochemical N-I and the thermal I-N phase transition of disaccharide derivatives in a cell with a rubbed PI alignment layer were faster than those in a glass cell, and were significantly different from those observed for the monomesogenic compounds containing cyanoazobenzene and the 4-{4'-(cyanophenylazo)phenoxy}octyl glucose and cellulose ethers. The results were discussed in terms of difference in cooperative motion of azobenzene groups due to the flexibility of the main chain, the number of mesogenic units per repeating units, and the distance between the azobenzene groups.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.423-428
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• 1998

The effective extraction methods and chemical components of crude polysaccharides of ascidian tunics were investigated. Tow extraction conditions, autoclaving or enzyme treatment, were applied. The proximate composition of ascidian tunics was not much different between those dried in raw (containing pigments) and those acetone treated and dried (decolorized), showing $50\%$ of carbohydrate and $40\%$ of protein. It was possible to extract up to $10\%$ of crude polysaccharides from ascidian tunics regardless of the extraction methods, autoclaving or enzyme treatment. In case of the latter the extraction yield by neutrase was higher than that with alkalase (Novo co.) or mixture 2000 (Pacific chemical co.). The most effective enzyme concentration and extraction time appeared to be 24 hrs of extraction with $3\%$ neutrase. On the other hand, in autoclave treatment, 6 hrs extraction showed most desirable extraction yield, about $9.7\%$. The compositions of amino acid of decolorized ascidian tunic (acetone treated group) and the crude polysaccharide from the autoclaving (water solubles) or neutrase treatment (enzyme digestibles) were similar to each other. Histidine was the highest both in the neutrase and autoclave treatment group and the yield were $29.2\%,\;20.4\%$, respectively, followed by aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Among the minerals, the content of Ca was significantly high, followed by Mg and Na.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 1976

When the root of Abelmoschus manihot, MEDIC is stored in the water, the mucilage is extracted. The mucilage has contained some of free reducing sugars. We have investigated the change of free reducing sugars by the Bertrand method and also free reducing sugars are detected by paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The mucilage is isolated from the root of Abelmoschus manihot, MEDIC and its chemical components are detected. The mucilage and hydrolyzed products are examined by paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography and tested carbohydrates under the usual way. The results are as follow: 1. The mucilage has contained five kinds of monosaccharides which are rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, glucose, galactose and other three kinds of uronic acids. 2. In the mucilage, glucose is the most changeable sugar and the next are arabinase and galactose. 3. Uronic acids, pylose and rhamnose are remained comparatively longer than glucose, galactose and arabinose in the mucilage. 4. The hydrolyzed products of mucilage consisted of rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, glucose, gelactose, ribose, some uronic acids and other unknown compounds. 5. The essence of mucilage isolated from the root of Abelmoschus manihot, MEDIC is complex saccharide, glucose and ribose are newly certified. 6. We can guess that the components of the mucilage are rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, glucose, ribose, uronic acids and other unknown compounds.