• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.566-572
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• 2000

Experimental studies were carried out to develop an osmotolerant mutant of Candida magnoliae JH and to determine the optimum concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources to improve erythritol yield and productivity. Mutants of C. magnoliae JH were prepared by treatment with ethylmethane sulfonate, and osmotolerant mutants were isolated from the agar plate colonies containing 2.5 M KCI. Among the mutants isolated, one mutant M26 was finally selected based on erythritol yield and productivity. In shake flask culture, glucose proved to be the best carbon source and the optimum yeast extract concentration was 5 g/L based on 100 g/L glucose. The erythritol yield and productivity of mutant M26 were greater than wild type in 100 g/L glucose medium. in the fermentation experiments, erythritol production increased with increased glucose concentration, up to a limit of 250 g/L. The maximum concentration of erythritol achieved 127.5 g/L, and the yield and productivity of erythritol production were 51.0% and 0.63 g/L-h, respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.552-556
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• 2007

The effects of alcohol concentration (30% 45% and 60%) on quality changes of maesil (Prunus mume) liqueur during leaching and ripening for 5 months were examined. Total acidity, pH and color of the liqueur generally increased with an increase alcohol concentration for 2 months. Thereafter the significant change did not occur. The contents of reducing sugar and polyphenol in the liqueur increased with an increase alcohol concentration and ripening periods. The major components of free sugar in maesil liqueur were fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose. The content of fructose and glucose were higher than those of sucrose and maltose regardless alcohol concentration. Sucrose and maltose did not detect in the liqueur after leaching and ripening for 2 months. The major components of organic acid in maesil liqueur were citric, lactic, malic, and acetic acids. The optimal alcohol concentration was 45% and the duration of leaching and ripening was about 2 months for production of high-proof maesil liqueur.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.106.1-106.1
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• 2010

본 연구는 팜 부산물로부터 바이오 에탄올을 생산하는 전처리-당화-발효 공정의 첫 번째 단계인 전처리 공정에서 팜 부산물을 NaOH를 이용하여 효율적으로 전처리하고자 하였다. 암모니아 침지법과 NaOH 침출법을 비교한 결과 팜 부산물에 대해서는 암모니아 침지에 의한 탈리그닌 효과가 적으며 NaOH 전처리가 적합한 방법임을 알 수 있었다. 40-100 mesh 크기의 팜 부산물을 이용하여 반응온도(110, 130, $150^{\circ}C$), 반응시간(20, 40, 60분) 및 NaOH 농도(5%, 11%)의 변화에 따른 팜 부산물의 탈리그닌율과 글루코스 및 자일로스 회수율 간의 상호관계를 확인하였다. $150^{\circ}C$까지의 온도 조건에서 온도에 의한 자일로스의 분해는 일어나지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 팜 부산물의 탈리그닌율은 시간이 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 높은 NaOH 농도에서 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 글루코스 및 자일로스의 회수율은 높은 농도에서 낮게 나타났으며, 시간이 지날수록 감소하여 손실이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 NaOH 농도가 낮을수록 당 회수율은 높게 나타나지만, 탈리그닌율이 낮아 당화 효율이 떨어지므로 효소 당화 후에 최종 당 회수율이 높은 NaOH 농도 조건을 결정하여야 하겠다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.630-635
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• 1996

Blood plasma proteins dissolved in isotonic phosphate-buffered saline were found to be adsorbed to red blood cell ghosts suspended in the solution. This was evidenced by concentration reduction of the plasma proteins in the bulk solution. For initial concentration of 0.1mg/mL immuno globulin, concentration reduction increased from 14% to 45% as the volume fraction of red blood cell ghosts in the solution increased from 5% to 45%. For initial concentration of 0.075mg/mL albumin, the concentration reduction increased from 12% to 47% as the volume fraction of red blood cell ghosts in the solution increased from 5% to 70%. The concentration reduction of plasma proteins in hardened red blood cell ghosts was higher than that in red blood cell ghosts. The number of adsorbed protein molecules per a red blood cell ghost were reduced as volume fraction of the ghosts in the solution increased.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.314-321
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the quality and characteristics of semi-dried persimmons soaked in different concentrations of sugar solution and stored at $7^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. The L value and chroma value were significantly higher in S5 and S10 compared to the other concentrations of sugar solution. The ${\Delta}E$ and browning degree were increased according to the increase in concentration of sugar solution. Total sugar, reducing sugar, and sugar free contents were higher in the control (semi-dried persimmon) than those in S0, but they increased according to the increase in concentration of sugar solution. Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities were decreased according to the increase in sugar solution concentration, which were highest in S0 among other semi-dried persimmons soaked in sugar solutions. Total ascorbic acid content was highest in S10 (12.29 mg/g), followed by S0 (2.54 mg/g), S5 (7.76 mg/g), S15 (6.05 mg/g), and S20 (5.05 mg/g). Total polyphenols, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins contents were the highest in S10 compared to other semi-dried persimmons soaked in sugar solutions. Furthermore, the same tendency was observed with DPPH radical scavenging ability. These results showed that 10% sugar solution could be applied to semi-dried persimmons in order to achieve high quality, nutritional value, and browning inhibition.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 1999

The effects of MS salt strength, sucrose, and cultural conditions on bulblet formation and growth were investigated to optimize the conditions for micropropagating bulblets from in vitro bulb scales of Lilium Oriental Hybrid 'Casa Blanca'. There was no difference on bulblet formation in the range of 1/2~2 $\times$ strength of MS salt, but it was inhibited remarkably in 3 $\times$ strength of MS salt. The growth of regenerated bulblets was most stimulated on MS basal medium. Favorable bulblet formation and its growth from bulb scales were achieved when grown on the media with 1 : 2 or 1 : 3 in the ratio of NH$_4$^+ : NO$_3$^- , as well as on MS basal medium (NH$_4$^+ : NO$_3$^- = about l : 2). Therefore, MS basal medium was very suitable for bulblet formation and growth from bulb scales. Bulblet formation was inhibited but its growth was stimulated with increase sucrose concentration in the medium. The growth of regenerated bulblets was very effective on the media with 9~12% sucrose. Addition of activated charcoal (AC) to the medium inhibited bulblet formation from bulb scales, but enhanced the growth of regenerated bulblets. Especially, the medium containing 1 g/L AC was most effective on the growth of bulblets. No difference was found on bulblet formation and growth from bulb scales under light and dark conditions. In vitro micropropagation of L. Oriental Hybrid 'Casa Blanca' was supposed very reasonable to enhance the growth of the bulblets after forming of bulblets from in vitro bulb scales, and then, subculture the bulb scales from the grown bulblets on MS medium with 9% sucrose and 1 g/L AC.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.366-373
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• 2018

The rate of salt and sugar into pickled cabbages was determined, and physicochemical characteristics, such as sensory, texture, and pH, of vinegar pickled cabbages during storage were examined at different storage temperatures and vinegar concentrations. The rate of salt and sugar penetration was faster in smaller size and on leaves rather than the stem of cabbage. Also, higher salt and sugar concentration and higher storage temperatures led to increase in salt and sugar permeation rate. As a result of sensory test, lower storage temperature is the most suitable, and 6% vinegar concentration was the mostly appropriate. Hardness and cohesiveness were decreased significantly at the initial $1^{st}$ week storage time, but storage temperature did not show any significant effect. Addition of vinegar contents enhanced the hardness, but decreased cohesiveness. The pH was lowered with increasing vinegar content, indicated most significant factor on pickled cabbage. In general, salt and sugar contents rather than storage temperature have greater influence on permeation rate, and especially, addition of vinegar affects the texture of pickled cabbage.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.80-93
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• 1986

The tail portion of dried 6-year old white ginseng was extracted and sugars and nitrogen compounds were also evaluated for chemical properties depending on varying conditions of extractions. The factors studied were extraction temperature in the range of 70-$100^{\circ}C$, ethanol concentration of 0-90% and the times of extractions which was taken 8 hours per each extraction in water at $80^{\circ}C$. For the effect of ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent, it was found that the amounts of free, reducing and total sugars and starch recovered in extract were almost linearly decreased along with the increase of concentration and the nonprotein nitrogen accounted over 84% of total nitrogen in extract. As ethanol concentration became increased, extractions of total nitrogen and water souluble nonprotein nitrogen were decreased especially in 90% ethanol. For the extraction temperature, all the sugar fractions with water and 70% ethanol except free sugar have tended to increase along with the temperature raised from 70 to $100^{\circ}C$ and it was found there is little changes of nitrogen compounds in the temperature range except a rapidly increase in water soulble protein at $100^{\circ}C$. For the times of extractions, showed that most of extractable compounds were extracted in 3 times of extractions with water at $80^{\circ}C$. It was shown that more than 95f) of sugars and 80% of nitrogen compounds were yielded with water extraction. Accordingly it was efficient to extract with water or 70% ethanol in 3 times in terms of !actor and energy consumption.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.381-386
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• 2013

The increased $CO_2$ concentration and temperature affect ecological responses of plants. In order to know the effects of global warming on the Viola raddeana Regal, endangered aquatic plant designated by the Ministry of Environment Korea, this study was investigated at control and treatment(increased $CO_2$ concentration + increased temperature) in glasshouse. Then, autecological responses of V. raddeana were monitored and measured. As a result, shoot length, number of fruits per plant, number of branch per plant, number of seeds per fruit, number of fruits per branch, and weight of 10 seeds were higher in control than in treatment. number of leaves per branch was higher in treatment than in control. Length of axis, length of branch and number of leaves per plant were not different between in the control and in the treatment. These results demonstrated that the reproductive response of V. raddeana might be negatively influenced by increased $CO_2$ concentration and temperature. The global warming will be one of the main causes of extinction for V. raddeana Regal.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.399-405
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• 1986

Corn starch was saccharified without cooking in an agitated bead reaction system. Uncooked corn starch was effectively hydrolyzed even at the concentration as high as 39%(w/v). After 24 hours. the extent of saccharification reached at 92%, which corresponds glucose concentration of 425g/L. Fed-batch feeding of starch was more effective than batch feeding for saccharification of uncooked corn starch. The composition of hydrolysated of uncooked starch was analyzed. which was composed of 95% glucose, 0.7% of maltose, and 4.5% of high saccharide, similar with that of cooked starch. The hydrolysate can be successfully utilized for HFCS manufacture. The starch liquefying and saccharifying enzyme was relatively stable even be the physical impact of the attrition-milling media. The enzyme stabilizer, $Ca^{++}$, played an essential role in preventing the enzyme deactivation caused by the physical impact.