• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2018.01a
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• pp.59-62
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• 2018

근저당권(根抵當權)은 지속적(持續的)인 거래관계(去來關係)에서 생겨나는 많은 채권(債權)을 거래(未來)의 결산기(決算期)에 일정(一定) 한도(限度)까지 확보(確保)하기 위해 부동산(不動産)에 담보물권(擔保物權)을 설정(設定)하는 저당권(抵當權)을 말한다. 저당권(抵當權)과는 다르게 담보(擔保) 채권(債權)은 거래(未來)에 증감(增減) 등(等)으로 달라지는 불특정(不特定) 채권(債權)이므로 당장(當場) 채무(債務)가 없어도 담보물권(擔保物權)인 저당권(抵當權)이 성립(成立)하게 되고, 일단(一旦) 성립(成立)한 채권(債權)이 이행(履行)되어도 후(後) 순위(順位)의 저당권(抵當權) 순위(順位)가 승진(昇進)하지 않는 점(點)이 일반적(一般的)인 저당권(抵當權)과 다르다. 근저당권(根抵當權)과 저당권(抵當權)의 제(第)일 큰 차이점(差異點)은 근저당권(根抵當權)은 채권최고(債權最高) 금액(金額)의 범위(範圍) 내(內)에서 지속적(持續的)인 거래(去來)로 인한 채권(債權)이 증감(增減) 변동(變動)할 수 있다는 것인데 반해(半解) 저당권(抵當權)은 앞서 확정(確定)된 채권(債券)을 담보(擔保)하는 것이다. 따라서 근저당권(根抵當權)을 설정(設定)하고자 할 때에는 채권(債權)의 최고금액(最高金額)을 등기(登記)하여야 한다. 이처럼 오늘날 근저당권(根抵當權)이 실질적(實質的)으로 신용거래(信用去來)에서 있어서 많이 이용(利用)되고 있으나, 우리민법(民法) 제(第)357조(條) 하나만으로 규율(規律)하고 있어 이와 관련(關聯)하여 발생(發生)하는 다양(多樣)한 법률분쟁(法律紛爭)을 해결(解決)하지 못하고 이 모든 부분(部分)을 학설(學說)과 판례(判例)에 의존(依存)하고 있는 실정(實情)이다. 따라서 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 외국입법례(外國立法例)를 통(通)하여 우리나라의 근저당권(根抵當權)의 문제점(問題點)이 무엇인지 살펴본 후(後) 바람직한 근저당권(根抵當權)의 해결방안(解決方案)을 제시(提示)하고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.125-162
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• 2007

The Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment and the Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters specific to Aircraft Equipment were adopted on 16 November 2001 at a diplomatic conference held in Cape Town under the joint auspices of UNIDROIT and ICAO. The entry into force of the Cape Town Convention and Protocol have occurred on 1 March 2006. The Cape Town Convention and Protocol provides an international legal regime for the creation, perfection and priority of security, title retention and leasing interests in aircraft equipment, which will be underpinned by an international registry. The purpose of this paper is to explain the objectives and principles of the Cape Town Convention and Protocol, to review the provisions relating to the international interests in aircraft equipment and international registry for their protection under the Cape Town Convention and Protocol, and to discuss the Issues on Korea's accession to the Cape Town Convention and Protocol. As the anticipated results of this paper, it will contribute to facilitate the financing of the acquisition and use of aircraft equipment of high value or particular economic significance in an efficient manner, and to save very large sums of money annually in financing charges, also the international interests in aircraft equipment will be recognized and protected universally.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• no.spc
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• pp.105-135
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• 2007

The Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment and the Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters specific to Aircraft Equipment were adopted on 16 November 2001 at a diplomatic conference held in Cape Town under the joint auspices of UNIDROIT and ICAO. The entry into force of the Cape Town Convention and Protocol have occurred on 1 March 2006. The Cape Town Convention and Protocol provides an international legal regime for the creation, perfection and priority of security, title retention and leasing interests in aircraft equipment, which will be underpinned by an international registry. The purpose of this paper is to explain the objectives and principles of the Cape Town Convention and Protocol, to review the provisions relating to the international interests in aircraft equipment and international registry for their protection under the Cape Town Convention and Protocol, and to discuss the Issues on Korea's accession to the Cape Town Convention and Protocol. As the anticipated results of this paper, it will contribute to facilitate the financing of the acquisition and use of aircraft equipment of high value or particular economic significance in an efficient manner, and to save very large sums of money annually in financing charges, also the international interests in aircraft equipment will be recognized and protected universally.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.29-65
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• 2012

Der neue strukturelle Ansatz der Kommbination eines Rahmen$\ddot{u}$bereinkommens und eines ausr$\ddot{u}$stungsspezifischen Sonderprotokolls bedingt einen neuen organisatorischen Anstz f$\ddot{u}$r die Zusammenarbeit zwischen internationalen Organisationen bei der Schaffung von internationalem Einheitsprivatrecht. So haben hier zwei internationale Organisationen gemeinsam die Verantwortung f$\ddot{u}$r einmultilaterales $\ddot{U}$bereinkommen $\ddot{u}$bernommen: auf der einen Seite UNIDROIT als die internationale Organisation, die generell f$\ddot{u}$r die Vereinheitlichung des Privatrechts kompetent ist; auf der anderen Seite ICAO als die f$\ddot{u}$r die private Luftfahrt zust$\ddot{a}$ndige internationale Organisation. Dieses neue, f$\ddot{u}$r die Luftfahrzeugausr$\ddot{u}$stung praktizierte organisatorische Modell eines joint venture zweier internationaler Organisation bei der Einheitsrechtsetzung, namlich die Betreuung eines allgemeinen privatrechtsvereinheitlichenden Rahmens$\ddot{u}$bereinkommens durch UNIDROIT und die Wahrnehmung der sektorspezifischen Belange in einem ausr$\ddot{u}$stungsspesifischen Sonderprotokoll durch die jeweils zust$\ddot{a}$ndige internationale Spezialorganisation, hat bereits f$\ddot{u}$r die Sektoren der Eisenbahn- und Weltraumausrustung Schule gemacht. Das in Kapstadt beschlossene v$\ddot{o}$lkervertragliche Regelungswerk hat erstmals ein einheitsrechtliches - grunds$\ddot{a}$atzlich weltweite Geltung anstrebendes - Sicherungsrecht geschafen. Dies kann f$\ddot{u}$r die Sachenrechtsintergration einen $\ddot{a}$hnlichen Durchbruch bedeuten, wis das Wiener UN-kaufrechts$\ddot{u}$bereinkommen von 1980 f$\ddot{u}$r das Schuldvertragsrecht. Voraussetzung daf$\ddot{u}$r ist allerdings die juristische Qualit$\ddot{a}$t und Praxisgerechtigkeit des Regelungswerkes und - insbesondere - das Funktionieren des Registersystems. Von wesentlicher Bedeutung f$\ddot{u}$r den Erfolg des $\ddot{U}$bereinkkommens wird auchsein, ob es Rechtssicherheit zu gew$\ddot{a}$hrleisten vermag.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.75
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• pp.29-48
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• 2017

This study describes the retention of title under UCC. UCC ${\S}$ 2-401 prescribes that any retention or reservation by the seller of the title (property) in goods shipped or delivered to the buyer is limited in effect to a reservation of a security interest. It means that the retention of title generates a security interest in the same way like a charge. To be effective, a security interest must be attached or perfected. Once attachment occurs, a security interest is enforceable against the buyer. Once a security interest is perfected, a security interest is enforceable against third parties. Under UCC, a simple retention of title clause is valid as long as it is incorporated into the contract of sale. If the seller acquires a perfected security interest, he as a secured party can enjoy a priority against other creditors. But if a security interest is not perfected but PMSI is afforded, the seller has a special priority. Secondly, under UCC ${\S}$ 9-335 and 9-336, if a security interest under an enlarged retention of title clause is perfected, the seller as the secured party has a valid security interest in the product or mass into which his goods have been mixed or commingled. But in terms of assession of goods, as the seller has a security interest only in his goods, if the seller wants to enlarge his security interest in the whole, a security agreement should cover its intention. Thirdly, under UCC ${\S}$ 9-315, a security interest in proceeds of subsale of goods supplied by the seller is a perfected security interest if the security interest in the original collateral was perfected. But if the proceeds are cash proceeds, it should be identifiable from other funds of the buyer.

• The Magazine for Energy Service Companies
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• s.29
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• pp.48-61
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• 2004

최근 일본에서는 ESCO사업에 PFI법을 새로이 적용하고 있다. 성과배분제, 성과보증제에 이어 이 제도를 적용할 경우, 국가 및 공공기관을 대상으로 하는 ESCO사업의 확대 및 자금조달이 한층 유리해질 전망이다. 지난 99년 제정된 PFI(Private Finance Initiative)법(민간자금 등의 활용에 의한 공공시설 등의 정비 등의 촉진에 관한 법률)에 근거한 사업은 ''공공시설 등''에 있어서 건설, 유지관리 운영 등을 민간의 자금, 경영능력 및 기술적 능력을 활용하는 사업방법으로 사업 전체의 리스크관리가 효율적으로 행해지는 것과 설게$\cdot$시공$\cdot$유지관리$\cdot$운영의 전부 또는 일부를 일체적으로 취급하는 것에 의해 사업비용의 절감이 기대되며 질 높은 서비스의 제공이 가능한 제도이다. 이것과 매우 유사한 개념을 가지고 있는 것이 성과보증제에 의한 ESCO사업이다. 민간사업자인 ESCO사업자가 자금을 조달하고 에너지절약 개수공사에 따른 설계$\cdot$시공$\cdot$, 운전$\cdot$유지관리, 계측$\cdot$검증, 에너지절감 보증 등의 서비스를 제공하며, 광열수도비 및 운전$\cdot$유지관리비의 절감분으로 모든 투자와 ESCO사업자의 경비를 지불한다. 또 에너지절감 및 공공의 이익보증을 포함한 퍼포먼스계약이라고 하는 형태를 취하는 것으로 공공 이익의 최대화를 도모함과 동시에 금융기관의 투자 리스크에 관한 우려를 회피할 수도 있다. 또 PFI법 특유의 법제상, 재정상의 조치와 재정상 및 금융상의 지원이라는 배려에 있다. 예를 들면, 국고채무부담행위의 설정, 행정재산 사용료의 무상화 또는 감면, 프로젝트 파이낸싱 등에 의한 자금조달을 고려할 경우에 있어서 담보권의 설정 등에 관한 제도를 합리적으로 정비하는 것이 가능하게 된다. 그 내용의 대강을 살펴본다.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-66
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• 2002

본 연구는 기존의 재무관리이론과 중소기업이론의 관점에서 중소기업의 자본구조를 결정하는 재무적 제 요인을 비상장 비등록 중소기업의 자료를 이용하여 분석하였다. 기존의 자본구조결정이론이 제시하는 변수 외에 중소기업의 고유요인으로 경영자위험과 업력을 분석에 포함시켰다. 중소기업의 재무레버리지 사용에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 요인들은 담보가치, 성장성, 업종, 기업규모, 수익성, 그리고 중소기업고유요인으로 설정된 경영자위험의 여섯으로 나타났다. 담보로 사용할 수 있는 고정자산의 비중이 크며 성장성이 높고 기업규모가 큰 제조업을 하는 기업은 그렇지 않은 기업에 비하여 부채를 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 수익성이 높아 사내유보를 많이 한 기업, 현금흐름이 불안정하여 경영자의 통제권에 대한 위험이 높은 기업은 부채를 적게 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 장 단기부채의 사용에 따른 재무행태의 차이점 분석에서는 장기에 걸쳐 결정되는 담보가치와 기업규모 변수는 단기차입금의 결정에는 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 중소기업은 경영자위험을 단기차입금이 아닌 장기차입금의 축소를 통하여 헤지하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 기업형태별로 즉, 법인기업과 개인기업으로 나누어 재무레버리지 결정의 차이점을 분석하였는데 개인기업은 법인기업에 비하여 그 행태가 매우 단순한 것으로 나타났다. 개인기업의 장기차입금 모형에서 의미 있는 변수로는 정보의 비대칭성을 완화시켜줄 수 있는 담보가치, 기업규모의 두 변수로 분석되었다. 그러나 개인기업의 단기차입금 분석에서는 유의적인 변수를 찾을 수가 없었다. 이러한 사실은 개인기업이 규모의 절대적 왜소와 경영능력의 열악함으로 재무레버리지의 사용에 있어서 법인기업에 비하여 불리한 위치에 있음을 의미하며, 같은 이유로 개인기업에 대하여는 재무레버리지 결정에 대한 논리적 설명이 일정 부분에서는 불가능함을 시사한다고 하겠다.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.177-199
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• 2015

Commerce enriches human life enriched and within commerce, transportation of cargo is arguably the most important in business transactions. Traditionally, marine transport has been major commercial transaction, but carriage cargo by air is on the increase. While the fare for freight in comparison with that of ocean is higher, air freight has many benefits that justify the higher shipping fee; lower insurance premium, packing charges, inventory control, cost management and especially speed. Therefore, air freight transport is accumulating gradually. An air waybill(AWB) is needed in the air transport flow. It is a nonnegotiable security, so the holder cannot transfer of a right to a third party. Some scholars suggest that a negotiable AWB is needed. However, it seems nearly impossible to do so; an e-AWB use shows a gain in numbers, even if it has not met expectations. Going forward, it would appear reasonable to conduct a follow-up study on the utility and legal problem for e-AWB. After sending goods, the consignor has the right of disposition of cargo in some cases, and more research is necessary, because it is related to change of ownership and a trade settlement. According to WATS (World Airlines Transport Statistics), the Korean Air took third place in international freight in 2014, and fifth in total, domestic and international to great acclaim. However, there is a lack of research supporting the business showing. It is hope that more studies on e-AWB, stoppage in transit, and a risk of outstanding amount, etc. connect to develop Korean air freight industry.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.26
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• pp.59-87
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• 2011

Security Business Act of Korea is leaning toward the aspect of regulation, while it provides few provisions about vesting the authority, which causes problems such as legal loopholes to be raised in regard to the rules about authorizing the private security personnel to perform security affairs properly and defining the limit of power. So, it should be done to interpret the law in order to draw the legal basis of empowering as well as to set limits of the authority of security main agent, and Article 7, Section 1, of Security Business Act is the very provision that involves the legal basis. In the scope of 'Management Power', the statutory authority in the first clause of Article 7 of Security Business Act, the security personnel can use force for self-defense, defense of others and property, and prevention of crimes. In addition, the powers of interrogation, access control, and eviction notice are involved in its scope. The private security personnel as the occupation assistant can take precautions and if the infringement on the benefit and protection of the law is imminent or done, he or she can use force within the limits of the passive resistance and the means of defiance on the basis of 'Management Power'. The private security personnel, however, can exercise the force only if the necessary conditions of legal defense, emergency evacuation, and legitimate act of criminal law are fulfilled.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.259-269
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• 2014

After global financial crisis, the ratio of household debt to GDP was decreasing in other advanced countries such as the U.S., and the U.K. and so on. But, in Korea, household debt (of which residential mortgage loan account for a large part) ratio is still increasing. This paper focuses on the scale and characteristics of households in negative housing equity (those are called House-poors in Korea), and also the socio-economic backgrounds of the formation process. In financial perspective, the problem of negative housing equity depends on financial debt repayment capability. We used DSR (Debt Service Ratio) and LTA (Loan to Asset ratio) as financial indicators to evaluate the debt repayment capability. The critical value of DSR is assumed as 40%, and LTA 100%. The socio-economic backgrounds of the House-poors are as follows : increasing households debt dependency, over lending competition of financial institutions and unreasonable loan in household economy, instability of real estate market, week regulation on mortgage loan. Finally, this paper suggests some implications about the range and the target of public intervention.