• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2000

Background: The literature on variations of rib is limited. Very little has been written in the radiological journal of this country on the subject. It seemed of interest to investigate the nature and incidence of congenital variations in a series of routine chest roentgenograms. The topic of rib variations has not been covered extensively in the radiological journals in Korea. This has presented an opportunity to investigate the nature, type, shape and incidences of congenital rib variations in normal Korean adults from a series of routine roentgenograms. Methods: Chest radiographs of 5,000 adults, who visited our hospital for a routine check-up or for employment physical examinations from January 1996 to September 1998, were consecutively reviewed. The sex distribution consisted of 2,827 male males and 2,173 female females(ratio of 1.3:1) with the age range aged between 19 and 65 years(mean age: 34.6 years) were included. The chest PAs were analyzed for the presence, type, location, and shape of the rib variations. From this data the incidence of each type of variations was calculated. Results: Seventy-six of the 5,000 adults(1.52%), 63 male(2.23%) and 13 female(0.6%), showed 88 cases of rib variation(Table 1). The most common variation was the bifid rib(n=35), followed by hypoplasia of the rib(n=22), flaring of the rib(n=18), bridging of the ribs(n=7), cervical ribs(n=3), and fusion of between ribs(n=3)(Table 2). The bifid rib(Table 1) was found most frequent in the right fourth rib(12/35, 34.3%), followed by the left fifth rib(6/35, 17.1%) and right third rib(6/35, 17.1%). Hypoplasia of the rib was common in first rib(20/22, 90.9%). Flaring of the rib was common at fourth rib(8/18, 44.4%, right and left combined), and bridging between ribs was common between first and second rib(3/7, 42.9%). Conclusion : The percentage of incidence of rib variations in adults was 1.52%. Bifid rib was the most common variation, followed by hypoplasia, flaring, bridging, cervical rib, and fusion of ribs, in decreasing order.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.86-88
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• 1998

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the rib is a rare benign tumor which resembles the giant cell tumor or fibrous dysplasia of the bone. It rarely develops in the rib although it affects the metaphysis of the long bone and facial bone. We have treated a 14 year old male patient who had the aneurysmal bone cyst in the legt 4th. rib. Wide surgical resection of the affected rib was carried out with good clinical result. He is well 16 months after the resection.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 2009

Purpose: This study is to evaluate rib fractures on bone scan in breast cancer patients treated with breast cancer surgery and radiation therapy and to evaluate its relation with radiation therapy and operation modality. Materials and Methods: Two hundred seventy cases that underwent serial bone scan after breast cancer surgery and radiation therapy were enrolled. Bone scan and chest a findings of rib fracture were analyzed. Results: The rib uptake was seen in 74 of 270 cases (27.4%) on bone scan and 50 cases (18.5%) were confirmed to have rib fracture by chest CT. The rate of modified radical mastectomy in patients with rib fracture was significantly higher than that in patients without rib fracture (66.0% vs. 27.0%, p = 0.000). The rate of additional radiation therapy to axillar or supraclavicular regions in patients with rib fracture was significantly higher than that in patients without rib fracture (62.0% vs. 28.6%, p =0.000). Rib fracture was seen most frequently at 1-2 years after radiation therapy (51.9%) and single rib fracture was seen most frequently (55.2%). Of total 106 rib fractures, focal rib uptake was seen in 94 ribs (88.7%) and diffuse rib uptake was seen in 12 ribs (11.3%). On one year follow-up bone scan, complete resolution of rib uptake was seen in 15 ribs (14.2%). On chest a, the rate of fracture line in ribs with intense uptake was significantly higher than that in ribs with mild or moderate uptake (p = 0.000). The rate of presence of fracture line in ribs with focal uptake was significantly higher than that in ribs with diffuse uptake (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Rib fracture in breast cancer patients after radiation therapy was related to radiation portal and operation modality. It should be interpreted carefully as a differential diagnosis of bone metastasis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.11 s.256
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• pp.799-802
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• 2005

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) involves disorders previously referred as 'histiocytosis X' (including eosinophilic granuloma, Letterer-Siwe, and Hand-Schuller syndrome). Its clinical patterns are various and it is a basically benign tumoral condition but with a strong tendency toward dissemination and destruction. Its natural history is unpredictable. But, in solitary bone lesion, wide resection with tumor-free margin is required in order to provide the best chance for a cure. In the majority of patients LCH is a osteolytic lesion with a predilection for calvarium and is rarely seen in the skull base and the femur. LCM of rib, especially if solitary, is relatively rare. We report two rare cases of solitary LCH developed in the rib, which were successfully treated by surgical resection.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.232-238
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• 2012

The effects of temperature on the structural behavior of polar class vessels have been experimentally and numerically investigated. Experiments were carried out on single frame structures made of steel material, DH36, which is used for outer shell of the vessels making transit through the polar region. A knife edge type striker was dropped down onto single frame structures. The temperatures of the single frames were set to $-30^{\circ}C$, $-50^{\circ}C$ and room temperature. The deflection around the mid-point of the single frame was measured and numerically simulated using finite element model. Strain rate effect on the structural behavior has been investigated and turned out that the strain rate effect can be neglected. From the results of the experiment and numerical analyses, it has been noticed that the permanent deflection at lower temperature was reduced due to a temperature hardening of material as expected.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2010

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate intercostal neuropathy after rib fracture and to determine the severity of intercostal neuropathy with using a numerical rating scale and according to the duration of pain and the body mass index. Material and Method: We measured the positive sharp wave and fibrillation on the intercostal and paraspinal muscles in the thoracic region by performing needle electromyography in 47 patients who had intercostal neuralgia after rib fracture and who had needed daily analgesic for more than three months. Result: We diagnosed 11 cases as intercostal neuropathy among the 47 cases. Of the total 11 cases, 8 were male and 3 were female and they were most often of an active generation in the community. The common location of intercostal neuropathy was the intercostal space below the rib fracture and from the 7th to the 12th intercostal rib area. The incidence of intercostal neuropathy was significantly related with multiple rib fracture rather than single rib fracture. The symptoms observed were chest pain (90.9%), sensory change (81.8%), paresthesia and numbness (63.6%), back pain (27.2%) and muscle atrophy (18.2%). The numerical rating scale, the duration of pain and the body mass index showed no significant correlation with the severity of intercostal neuropathy. Conclusion: We concluded that the electrodiagnostic approach with considering the affecting factors and the clinical findings will be helpful for diagnosing and treating persistent intercostal neuralgic pain (more than 3 months) after rib fracture.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.10 s.267
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• pp.765-769
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• 2006

Background: Nuss procedure is a minimally invasive technique for correcting the pectus excavatum. But there are some limitations of correcting the complex anomaly or grown-up patients. Material and Method: we retrospectively reviewed 135 consecutive patients who underwent repair of pectus excavatum by the Nuss procedure and its modifications between November 1999 and December 2004. We analyzed the computed tomography, age on operation, operative technique, and complications. Result: We operated 135 patients of pectus excavatum during 62 months. Total number of operations about Nuss procedure is 216, including bar removal procedure of 64 cases, redo Nuss procedures of 47 cases. We modified the point of bar insertion to the hinge point, made a shoulder in the bar to prevent a displacement. And then we changed the fixation material from Vicryl to steel wire. If the patients are old, we retract the sternum during bar rotation and fixation. Until 2002, the number of redo Nuss operations were 17, complications were 23. but, after modifications, the number of redo Nuss operation were 0, complications were 2. Conclusion: This result indicates that our modifications of Nuss operation is effective, and could decrease the number of redo Nuss operation and complications.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2012

Single frame structures with notches were fractured by applying drop impact loadings at room temperature and low temperature. Johnson-Cook shear failure model has been employed to simulate the fractured single frame structures. Through several numerical analyses, material constants for Johnson-Cook shear failure model have been found producing the cracks resulted from experiments. Fracture strain-stress triaxiality curves at both room temperature and low temperature are presented based on the extracted material constants. It is expected that the fracture strain-stress triaxiality curves can offer objective fracture criteria for the assessment of structural fractures of polar class vessel structures fabricated from DH36 steels. The fracture experiments of single frame structures revealed that the structure on low temperature condition fractures at much lower strain than that on room temperature condition despite the same stress states at both temperatures. In conclusion, the material properties on low temperature condition are essential to estimate the fracture characteristics of steel structures operated in the Northern Sea Route.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.489-493
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• 1999

The pectus carinatum or anterior protrusion of the sternum is a less common than pectus excavatum. It occurs more frequently in boys than girls and associated musculoskeletal abnormalities, spinal scoliosis is most common. Ravitch first reported correction of chondromanubrial prominence in 1952, resecting the multiple deformed costal cartilages and performing a double osteotomy on sternum. We have experienced one case of pectus carinatum and obtained satisfactory postoperative results. The deformity was corrected by the subchondral resection of multiple deformed costal cartilage, bilaterally, with single osteotomy on sternum and fracture of the posterior cortex to correct anterior angulation. Postoperative course was uneventful. We report this case with brief review of the literature.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.96-108
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a systematic hull form variation technique which automatically satisfies the displacement constraint and guarantees a high level of fairness. This method is possible through multiple parameter correction curves. The present method is to improve the hull form variation method based on parametric modification function and consists of two sub-categories: SAC variation and section lines modification. For SAC variation, the utilization of two B-Spline curves satisfying GC¹ condition led to the satisfaction of displacement constraint and high level of fairness at the same time. Section lines modification methods involves in using two fuctions: the first is the waterplane modification function combining two cubic splines. the other function is the sectional area modification function consisting of 2nd order polynomial over the DLWL(Design Load Waterline) and 3rd order polynomial below the DLWL, This function enables not only the fundamental U-V section shape variation but also systematically modified section lines. The present method is expected to be more useful in the hull form optimization process using CFD compared to the existing method.