• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1243-1246
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• 1998

Tracheobronchial injuries are uncommon. Except for the cervical region, most tracheobronchial injuries are due to blunt chest trauma in Korea. The depth of the tracheobronchial trees renders these structures relatively safe from stab wound. We experienced a case of left main bronchial laceration with azygos vein tear following stab wound in the back of right chest firstly in Korea. The patient was a 24 years old male. A routine chest radiography showed a knife in chest at emergency room. We didn't remove the knife at emergency room. This patient was carried to operation room in 30 minutes after arrival of our hospital without computed tomography and bronchoscopy. The operation was performed through standard right posterolateral thoracotomy and then the knife was removed. The left main bronchus and azyos vein were lacerated obliquely. The penetrated azygos vein was ligated and the laceration of the left main bronchus was repaired. Postoperative course was uneventful.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.383-386
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• 2008

Osteomyelitis is considered an inflammatory condition of bone that usually begins as an infection of the medullary cavity and quickly extends to periosteum of the area. Early acute osteomyelitis of the mandible is usually characterized by deep, intense pain, high intermittent fever, paresthesia or anesthesia of the lower lip and a clearly identifiable cause. If the disease is not controlled or inadequately treated after onset, acute osteomyelitis progresses to a chronic form. The diagnosis of mandibular osteomyelitis rests on processing for identification of microbiologic isolates and on imaging studies to determine the extent of disease. Mandibular osteomyelitis often is associated with involvement of the masticator space and can exhibit symtoms similar to temporomandibular disorder including orofacial pain and limited mouth opening. Advanced imaging modalities can be helpful in obtaining a proper diagnosis.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2003

Purpose : To evaluate the differences in bone height, bone width, and visibility of posterior spiral tomographic images according to various exposure directions, image layer thickness, and inclination of the mandibular inferior border. Materials and Methods: Six partially and completely edentulous dry mandibles were radiographed using Scanora spiral tomography. Spiral tomography was performed at different exposure directions (dentotangential and maxillotangential projection), image layer thicknesses (2 mm, 4 mm and 8 mm), and at various inclinations to the mandibular border (+ 100, 00 and -10°). The bone height and width was measured using selected tomographic images. The visibility of mandibular canal, crestal bone, and buccal and lingual surfaces were graded as 0, 1, or 2. Results : The bone width at the maxillo-tangential projection was wider than at the dento-tangential projection (p < 0.05). The visibility of buccal and lingual surface at the maxillo-tangential projection was higher than at the dento-tangential projection (p<0.05). Thinner image layer thicknesses resulted in greater visibility of buccal and lingual surfaces (p < 0.05). Bone height was greatest in the -10° group, and at the same time the bone width of the same group was the narrowest (p < 0.05). The visibility of alveolar crest and buccal surface of the + 10° group was the highest, while the visibility of the mandibular canal was greatest in the 00 group. Conclusion: When spiral tomography is performed at the mandibular posterior portion for visualization prior to implant surgery, it is important that the inferior border of mandible be positioned as parallel as possible to the floor. A greater improvement of visibility can be achieved by maintaining a thin image layer thickness when performing spiral tomography.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1992

Background: The prognosis of lung cancer remains poor and early detection and curative surgery is still the most effective treatment for many. In the early detection of lung cancer, sputum cytology and simple chest x-ray are used, but both of these tests are far from being perfect. So we studied the characteristics of patients diagnosed as lung cancer without demonstrable mass lesion on simple chest x-ray to help in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 11 subjects who were diagnosed as lung cancer at Seoul National University Hospital between August 1986 and June 1989 and had no demonstrable mass lesion on simple chest x-rays. Results: Ten of 11 patients were male, 8 had a history of smoking, most frequent symptoms were sputum, cough, and hemoptysis, and 3 patients either had wheezing or stridor. In 3 of the cases, although there were no mass lesion, there were ill-defined infiltration, major fissure thickening, and fibrostreaky density mimiking tuberculosis where the tumor was eventually found and in one patient tumor was masked by a rib shadow. Also in one case, lateral chest film demonstrated a retrocardiac mass. Both bronchoscopy and computed tomogram were useful in the localization of the tumor. Seven of 11 had relatively early disease (less than StageII). Four of 11 are still alive without any evidence of recurrence between 2 and a half and 4 years after the operation. Conclusion: We conclude that in patients with respiratory symtoms in whom cancer cannot be ruled out, sputum cytology and lateral chest x-rays should be taken and that if necessary further studies like computed tomogram and bronchoscopy should be done to aid in the early diagnosis of lung cancer.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to analyse stress distribution of maxillary complex by use of face mask. The construction of the three-dimensional FEM model was based on the computed tomography(CT) scans of 13.5 years-old male subject. The CT image were digitized and converted to the finite element model by using the mimics program, with PATRAN. An anteriorly directed force of 500g was applied at the first premolar 45 degrees downwards to the FH plane and at the first molar 20 degrees downwards to the FH plane. When 45 degrees force was applied at maxillary first premolar, there were observed expansion at molar part and constriction at premolar part. The largest displacement was 0.00011mm in the x-axis. In the y-axis, anterior displacement observed generally 0.00030mm at maximum. In the z-axis, maxillary complex was displaced 0.00036 mm forward and downward. When 20 degrees force was applied at maxilla first molar, there were observed expansion at lateral nasal wall and constriction at molar part. The largest displacement was 0.001mm in the X-axis. In the Y-axis, anterior displacement observed generally 0.004mm at maximum. In the Z-axis, ANS was displaced upward and pterygoid complex was displaced downward. The largest displacement was 0.002mm.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.106-117
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• 2013

Normal eruption of the canine is important for the transition to the permanent dentition. Etiologies, including premature loss or delayed retention of deciduous teeth, neoplasm and abnormality of lateral incisor can cause impaction of the maxillary canine. Untreated canine impaction can result in malocclusion, cyst formation and obstacles in orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate location of the impacted maxillary canine and to identify correlation between location and management of the impaction including complications. Using panoramic radiographs and CBCT scan, images of 89 children diagnosed with impaction of the maxillary canine, location of impacted canines was evaluated. The choice of treatment and complications were investigated to identify correlation. Results show that the most commonly impacted location of the maxillary canine was in the mid-alveolar area, followed by buccal side and palatal side. Orthodontic traction was selected more frequently than the other treatments. As complications, displacement of adjacent tooth was occurred most frequently. Buccally impacted canines showed increased tendency towards displacement. The more buccally the canine was impacted, the less orthodontic traction was chosen as the treatment. The canine impacted mesially to the central incisor showed increased tendency to occur root resorption. Therefore, early diagnosis by periodic examination, appropriate treatment and intervention is required.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.1 s.102
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• pp.63-70
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• 2004

The midpalatal suture area has some advantages for supporting miniscrews : it has no specific anatomical structure, it is composed of thick cortical bone, and covered with attached gingiva. So it is suitable area for inserting miniscrews. However, the midpalatal suture area appears thinner when seen in ceph. As a result, Clinicians can misunderstand that inserting miniscrews cause the problem, both the risk of perforation and the decrease of stability. The purpose of this article is measuring the vertical bone thickness of the midpalatal suture area for inserting miniscrews. The total of 25patient (male : 13, female : 12), who are in their twenties, were taken CT. The vertical bone thickness of the midpalatal suture area was measures from the transverse section of CT. As a result, We reached a conclusion from the differences of each area. It is as follows: 1. There is no significant difference between the thickness of male group and that of female group. 2. In coronal section, Bone thickness becomes thinner from the midpalatal suture to Left & Right side, in sagittal section, Bone thickness becomes thinner from incisive foramen to PNS. 3. The area that is within 3mm of left and right from the midpalatal suture area transversely and within 25mm backward from the incisive foramen sagittaly is enough for inserting miniscrews.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.305-314
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare the findings on the chest low-dose CT (LDCT) images between the negative and positive groups for pneumoconiosis in the group exposed to inorganic dust. From May 30, 2007 to August 31, 2008, total 328 subjects were examined by a LDCT. LDCT images were read by a chest radiologist who has much experience for reading of pneumoconiosis. All subjects were classified into two groups based on digital images after consensus reading of two radiologists according to the ILO 2000 guidelines; negative group (87, 26.5%) without pneumoconiosis and positive group (241, 73.5%). Statistical analysis was performed using a SPSS 14.0. There were significant differences in age (60.9 vs. 65.0, p<0.001), and in dust expose duration (17.0 vs. 19.2, p=0.024) between two groups, but no significant difference in smoking (p=0.784). Of the 328 subjects, 13 diagnosis were extracted from 245 subjects (74.7%). Coronary artery calcification (CAC) was significantly higher in positive group than that in negative group (36.9% vs. 25.3%, p=0.049). Honeycombing showed higher frequency in positive group than in negative group (6.2% vs. 1.2%, p=0.079). Pneumoconiosis findings caused by inorganic dusts exposure showed the significant relation with CAC on LDCT images. Future studies need to prove that pneumoconiosis finding is independent risk factor for CAC using a coronary artery angiography.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1308-1317
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• 1997

Background : Pulmonary aspergillomas usually arise from colonization and proliferation of Aspergillus in preexisting cavitary lung disease of any cause. About 15% of patients with tuberculous pulmonary cavities were found to have aspergilloma. We analyzed the clinical features and course of 91 patients with pulmonary aspergilloma. Method : During the ten-year period from June 1986 to May 1996, 91 patients whose condition was diagnosed as pulmonary aspergilloma at 4 university hospitals in Taegu city were reviewed. All patients fulfilled one of the following criteria : 1) histologic evidence of aspergilloma within abnormal air space in tissue sections, or 2) a positive Aspergillus serum precipitin test with the radiologic finding of a fungus ball. The histological diagno-sis was established in 81 patients(89.0%) and clinical diagnosis in 10 patients(11.0%). Results : 1) The age range was 22 to 65 years, with an average of 45 years. A male and female ratio was 1.7 : 1 (57 men and 34 women). 2) Hemoptysis was far the most frequent symptom(89%), followed by cough, dyspnea, weakness, weight loss, fever, chest pain. 3) In all but 14 cases(15.4%) there had been associated conditions. Pulmonary tuberculosis was far the most frequent underlying condition found(74.7%), followed by bronchiectasis (6.6%), cavitary neoplasm(2.2%), pulmonary sequestration(1.1%). 4) The involved area was usually in the upper lobes; the right upper lobe was involved in 39(42.9%), the left upper lobe in 31(34.1%), the left lower lobe in 13(14.3%), the right lower lobe in 7(7.7%), and the right middle lobe in 1(1.1%). 5) On standard chest roent geno gram the classic "bell-like" image of a fungus ball was found in 62.6% of the subjects. On CT scan, 88.1% of the subjects in which they were done. 6) The surgical therapy was undertaken in 76 patients, and medical therapy in 15 patients, including 4 patients with intracavitary instillation of amphotericin B. 7) The surgical modality was lobectomy in 55 patients(72.4%), segmentectomy in 16 patients(21.1%), pneumonectomy in 4 patients(5.3%), wedge resection in 1 patient(1.3%). The mortality rate was 3.9% (3 patients) ; 2 patients died of sepsis and 1 died of hemoptysis. The postoperative complications were encountered in 6 patients (7.9%), including each one patient with respiratory failure, bleeding, bronchopleural fistula, empyema, and vocal cord paralysis. 8) In the follow-up cases, each 2 patients of 71 patients with surgical treatment and 10 patients with medical treatment had recurrent hemoptysis. Conclusion : During follow-up of the chronic pulmonary disease with abnormal air space, if the standard chest roentgenograms are insufficient to detect a fungus ball, computed tomographic scan and serum precipitin test are likely to aid the diagnosis of patients with suspected pulmonary aspergilloma. A reasonable recommendation for management of a patient with aspergilloma would be to reserve surgical resection for those patients who have had severe, recurrent hemoptysis. And a well controlled cooperative study to the medical treatment such as intracavitary antifungal therapy is further needed.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.77-78
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• 2008

A 71-year-old woman was assigned to our department for Tc-99m myocardial perfusion SPECT(MPS) and coronary CT angiography. She admitted for substernal pain, via the ER, 2 days ago. The heart was scanned after intravenous injection of 925 MBq of $^{99m}Tc$-sestamibi adenosine-induced stress SPECT using dual head gamma camera (Hawkeye, GE healthcare. USA). The MPS shows decreased tracer uptake in the apical & mid area of anterior & lateral wall and mid & basal inferior wall. Coronary CT angiograph was obtained using Discovery VCT (GE healthcare). 3D angiography portrayed significant stenosis of ramus intermedius(RI) and posterolateral branch of right coronary artery(PLB) with fibrocalcified plaque. Two images were fused using Cardiac IQ fusion softwear package (Advantage workstation 4.4, GE healthcare) The fusion images explain the perfusion defect of anterior, lateral and inferior wall is due to stenosis of the RI and PLB. And 3 days later, coronary angiography was done and revealed the marked stenosis of RI and PLB. Then balloon angioplasty and stent was instituted in RI. Cardiac SPECT/CT fusion imaging provides additional information about hemodynamic relevance and facilitates lesion interpretation by allowing exact allocation of perfusion defects to its subtending coronary artery.