• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aims to understand effective brand naming process of an optical shop brand by a research of brand naming process of optical shop through creation of alternative. Methods: It investigated brand naming process such as character abstraction, target grasp, naming direction set, naming development and etc of an optical shop. It also looked into characteristics of alternative creation patterns such as words mix, typifier, sentence making, part words mix and etc and then, it investigated brand naming examples. Results: Creation of alternative is a phase of brand naming which has to be refined on the basis of creation of abundant alternatives and then to be developed to a brand name. This study suggested examples of brand names of optical shops which were made and adopted by creation of alternative. Conclusions: Creation of alternative in brand naming complies with concept, and it has systemic process and objective selection as an effective way in association of brand and searching words. It is necessary to have brand naming works through creation of alternative for the purpose of individual and strong brand name with desirable association and differentiation of an optical shop.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.305-324
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• 2007

We surveyed the emotional images of three kinds of scientific technologies in people's mind and the perception of technologies in terms of their risks and benefits. The contents of the image and their image values were used to estimate the affects on each technology. As an affect heuristic hypothesis predicted, people perceived the technology more beneficial or riskier depending on their overall affect. In other words, those who have positive affect on the technology Perceived less risky and more beneficial than those who have negative affect. On the other hand, those who have negative affect on the technology perceived riskier and less beneficial than those who have positive affect. We also found negative relationship between the perceived risk and perceived benefit of each technology. The implications of our findings that suggest affective heuristic were discussed in terms of the measurements of affect and the necessity of communication of scientific technologies with the public.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.386-391
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• 2008

제품의 기능이 다양화 되고 신제품의 출시기간이 짧아지면서 소비자들은 새로운 제품의 조작 방법을 익히는데 어려움을 겪게 된다. 사용자 중심의 잘 설계된 메뉴 구조는 이러한 사용성 문제를 해결 해줄 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사용자 중심의 좋은 정보 구조 설계를 위해 활성화 확산의 비대칭 전이를 이용한 메뉴구조 및 레이블 평가 방법을 연구하였다. 활성화 확산 실험은 반응 시간이 짧을수록 연상 강도가 강하고, 단어 쌍간의 관계가 밀접함을 보여주므로, 잘 디자인된 메뉴구조는 상-하위 메뉴 쌍의 연상 정도가 활성화 진행 방향의 영향을 받지 않는다는 가설을 세울 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 휴대폰(모델명;SPH-W2900)의 메뉴를 추출하여 1차 활성화 확산(SAT)실험을 수행한 뒤, 각 메뉴 쌍에 대하여 정확도와 진행 방향에 따른 반응시간의 차이(비대칭 전이)를 파악함으로 레이블의 문제점을 도출하고 메뉴 구조 및 어휘를 개선하였다. 2차 활성화 확산 실험은 개선된 메뉴 쌍에 대해 비대칭 전이 현상이 감소하였는지를 확인하기 위해 실시되었으며 활성화 진행 방향에 대한 반응시간의 차이(비대칭 전이)는 월등히 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제시하는 활성화 확산의 비대칭전이는 사용자 중심의 메뉴 레이블을 정의 하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2021

When a person sees a sentence and understands the sentence, the person understands the sentence by reminiscent of the main word in the sentence as an image. Text-to-image is what allows computers to do this associative process. The previous deep learning-based text-to-image model extracts text features using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and bi-directional LSTM, and generates an image by inputting it to the GAN. The previous text-to-image model uses basic embedding in text feature extraction, and it takes a long time to train because images are generated using several modules. Therefore, in this research, we propose a method of extracting features by using the attention mechanism, which has improved performance in the natural language processing field, for sentence embedding, and generating an image by inputting the extracted features into the GAN. As a result of the experiment, the inception score was higher than that of the model used in the previous study, and when judged with the naked eye, an image that expresses the features well in the input sentence was created. In addition, even when a long sentence is input, an image that expresses the sentence well was created.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.238-249
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• 1998

Purpose: To localize and compare the neural basis of verbal and visual human working memory, we performed functional activation study using $H_2^{15}O$ PET. Materials and Methods: Repeated $H_2^{15}O$ PET scans with one control and three different activation tasks were performed on six right-handed normal volunteers. Each activation task was composed of 13 match-ing trials. On each trial, four targets, a fixation dot and a probe were presented sequentially and subject's task was to press a response button to indicate whether or not the probe was one of the previous targets. Short meaningful Korean words, simple drawings and monochromic pictures of human faces were used as matching objects for verbal or visual memory. All the images were spatially normalized and the differences between control and activation states were statistically analyzed using SPM96. Results: Statistical analysis of verbal memory activation with short words showed activation in the left Broca's area, promoter cortex, cerebellum and right cingulate gyrus. In verbal memory with simple drawings, activation was shown in the larger regions including where activated with short words and left superior temporal cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, prefrontal cortex, anterior portion of right superior temporal gyrus and right infero-lateral frontal cortex. On the other hand, the visual memory task activated predominantly right-sided structures, especially inferior frontal cortex, supplementary motor cortex and superior parietal cortex. Conclusion: The results are consistent with the hypothesis of the laterality and dissociation of the verbal and visual working memory from the invasive electrophysiological studies and emphasize the pivotal role of frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus in working memory system.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.161-179
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• 2012

The aims of this study are to investigate the environmental perception of elementary school students through picture drawing and associated words about environment, and analyze whether there are differences in the environmental perception according to living places and grades. The drawing of 230 students are analysed and categorized into the criteria. The results are as follows: a number of students realized as images associated with natural environment for words related to environment. In the pictures of the 'positive environment', expression frequencies of natural environment and living things were higher than ones of artificial environment and non-living things. On the other hand, there were many pictures expressed as pollutions of waste, air and water in the pictures of the 'negative environment'. Comparison of environmental perception between rural and urban students showed a significant difference all in the two criteria. There was, however, no difference in the environmental perception between grades. Therefore, it is suggested that student's minds about the sentimental situation can be studied and they can be guided in positive directions to lead their future life in environment-friendly education rather than pollution education.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.157-169
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze carbon cycle concepts based on earth systems from the perspective of high school students. The subjects for this study were seven students who have completed Earth-science I curriculum. to analyze of carbon cycle concepts based on earth systems perspective, the methods of word association, casual map and drawing were used. The results of this study were as follows: first, 5 out of 7 students have suggested carbon cycle concepts less than three. Second, the carbon cycle concepts on the change of state were 2. Also, the carbon cycle concets on process were 8. Third, 2 out of 7 students present 2 feedback loops, 3 out of 7 students 1 feedback loops, but 2 out of 7 students couldn't present the feedback loops associated with carbon cycle. Finally, As for carbon cycle concepts through drawing, 1 out of 7 students drew 9 concepts, 3 out of 9 students drew 7 concepts and the rest of them drew 5, 4, 3 concepts respectively. These results suggest that concept and feedback loop thinking skills on carbon cycle are a low level. Therefore, It is suggested that more educational programs be developed on various topics in order for high school students to improve their system thinking skills as well as knowledge integration of earth systems.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.99-108
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• 2001

The Charm is composed of various kind of ancient signs, letters and systematic characters so that they delivers messages with many expressions. They, compared with the experimental typography, are more logical and experimental than we generally think. Also, they have meanings and attributes as characters do, in which there are symbols, hieroglyphs, pictures and other similar words. Each attribute diverse from symbolic meaning, associates to deconstruction of letters. It is needed to review the experimental attributes of charms with the view of structural typography for potentialities of expression. The purpose of the study is to analyze and classify the morphologic construction of charms so that we can find the possibilities of applying the attributes to visual languages and typography. Future study seems to be extending the area of expressing of typography fit for our own culture, not for Western

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.120-129
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• 2011

This research aims to investigate the representative affective words and the structure among them to scrutinize user's affect revealed in the ride film based on three dimension stereoscopic image. Previous studies related to the affect were reviewed and the affect words well-suited for three dimension stereoscopic image were collected. Suitability test for two hundred six basic affect words gathered as the result was done from sixty two typical users and four experts. Seventy seven candidate affect words have been selected and by the exclusion of similarity among them, finally twenty six words were extracted from the reduction process. Consequently fifteen representative words and the structure as the network between each word were revealed by using free association test based on twenty six affect words. We propose the affect research including sensors, emotions, and affects related to moving image rather than still mage during doing research affects in most of the previous studies. The future work includes the affect space and the affect effect for ride film based on three dimension stereoscopic image. This study can be adopted practically in the production of ride films and provided with a basic design guideline.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.153-158
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• 2020

The present study identify the predictive power of confrontational naming and generative naming as screening tests for normal and early cognitive impairment. The subjects were analyzed for 203 healthy elderly, 106 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 31 mild dementia. The confrontational naming was measured by the short-term Korean Boston Name Waiting Test, and the generative naming was measured by the Control Associative Word Test. As a result of polynomial logistic regression, both confrontational naming and generative naming had a significant effect on discriminating cognitive impairment (MCI, mild dementia) in general elderly (p<0.05). On the other hand, when distinguishing mild dementia from mild cognitive impairment, the generative naming-phonetic test had no significant odds ratio. The results of this study suggest that when discriminating mild dementia in mild cognitive impairment group, it is not meaningful to look only at the total score of generative naming test.