• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.548-553
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• 2003

Purpose : Matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 is known to breakdown the blood-brain barrier by degrading the extracellular matrix of the subendothelial basement membrane in meningitis. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1, a known inhibitor of MMP-9, has been postulated to inhibit the proteolytic activity of MMP-9 by bindng to MMP-9, but their interaction has not been fully understood yet. So far, there have been some reports on the relationship of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in bacterial meningitis, but few reports in viral meningitis. Furthermore, there has been no report on this in Korea. We investigated the concentrations of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients with viral meningitis and control subjects, and evaluated their relationship with other clinical parameters of meningitis. Methods : CSF and blood were obtained from 25 subjects with viral meningitis and 14 control subjects. After centrifugation, supernatants were stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ and we assayed concentrations of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 by the sandwich ELISA method. Results : Concentrations of CSF MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were significantly elevated in patients with viral meningitis, when compared with those in control subjects. Their serum levels showed no differences between the two groups. MMP-9 levels were closely correlated with TIMP-1 levels in the CSF($r_s=0.42$, P<0.05). CSF MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were significantly higher in patients with viral meningitis than those in the control subjects(P<0.05). Both CSF MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels positively correlated with CSF total leukocyte counts($r_s=0.43$, P<0.05, $r_s=0.48$, P<0.05). TIMP-1 levels positively correlated with total protein concentrations in the CSF($r_s=0.43$, P<0.05). Conclusion : MMP-9 and TIMP-1 may play an important role in the breakdown and maintenance of BBB in viral meningitis, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 1983

Starchy single cell protein produced by a starch-utilizing yeast, Sporobolomyces holsaticus FRI Y-5 was analyzed for its composition such as intracellular protein, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins and pigments. It was shown that it contained 33.08% of total carbohydrate, 45.63% of crude protein, 20.01% of crude lipid, 3.24% of ash and 4.46% of pigment. Whole cell extracted by cold and hot NaOH method contained 40.89% of soluble protein and the estimated nucleic acid content from crude and soluble protein contents was about 7.6%. The sulphur-containing amino acids, threonine, isoleucine and valine were analyzed to be the limiting amino acids in the starchy SCP, and the protein score was calculated as 89.4. It was shown from its fatty acid analysis that it contained $6.5%\;of\;C_{16:0}$, $2.4%\;of\;C_{18:0}$, $81.9%\;of\;C_{18:1}$, $3.2%\;of\;C_{18:2}$, and $6.0%\;of\;C_{18:3}$. Also it was observed that it contained, per 100 g of dry cell, 365.33mg of Mg and 282.75mg of K more than Fe and Ca. The content of Vit. $B_2$ was 3.7mg per 100 g of dry cell, but niacin was not detected under this experimental condition. The UV-visible scanning result of pigment extract showed that the yeast contained carotenoid and unknown pigments.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.501-505
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• 2001

Soy protein formulas have been used as supplementary food for infants allergic to cow's milk as well as to prevent atopy since 1929. Though these formulas are used as alternative ways to nourish these infants, the effects of soy proteins are still controversial because they may cause soy allergies in infants. The state of Korean food allergic infants is not as well known as allergy eases in Europe or USA. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of soy allergy in the case of Korean infants in concerning with milk allergy. Among 153 infants with clinical allergic symptoms that underwent tests, 21% and 51.6% of infants exhibited soy and milk allergies, respectively. Furthermore, some of the subjects (14%) possessed both soy protein and milk protein allergies. For cow milk allergic infants, only 27.8% of the tested infants were found exhibiting allergy symptoms related to soy protein, however, cow milk protein allergic reaction was detected in the serum of most soy allergic infants (68.8%).

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 1980

A source of D-xylose was required for the enhanced production of D-glucose isomerase of Streptomyces sp. strain K-17. D-glucose supported the luxuriant growth of the organism as well as D-xylose, but D-glucose isomerase activity was hardly detected in the D-glucose-grown cells. When the D-glucose-grown cells were incubated aerobically for a few hours in 0.5% xylose solution in 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, it was found that inductive formation of D-glucose isomerase occurred in the cells without multiplication. In the non-growth phase of cells the inductive formation of D-glucose isomerase occurred because a source of nitrogen for the synthesis of enzymes was obtained from turnover of protein accumulated in cells. D-ribose, L-arabinose, D-glucose, D-mannose, citrate, succinate and tartrate could not induce the formation of D-glucose isomerase, but D-xylose could induce. Inductinn of D-glucose isomerase was repressed by D-glucose and its catabolites : glycerol, succinate and citrate. Inductive formation of the enzymes in the non-growth phase was stimulated by $Ba^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Co^{2+}$, and inhibited by C $u^{2+}$, C $d^{2+}$, A $g^{+}$and H $g^{2+}$. The synthesis of enzymes in the induction system composed of 0.5% xylose solution was disrupted by actinomycin D, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, tetracycline, p-chloromercuribenzo ate, arsenate and 2, 4-dinitrophenol, but not disrupted by mitomycin C and penicillin G.icillin G.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2014

We produced the transgenic silkworm that expressed the enhanced blue fluorescent protein (EBFP) in the cocoon of silkworms. The EBFP fusion protein, each with N- and C-terminal sequences of the fibroin H-chain, was designed to be secreted into the lumen of the posterior silk glands. The expression of the EBFP/H-chain fusion gene was regulated by the fibroin H-chain promoter. The use of the $3{\times}P3$-driven DsRed2 cDNA as a marker allowed us to rapidly distinguish transgenic silkworm. A mixture of the donor and helper vector was micro-injected into 300 eggs of silkworms, Baegokjam. We obtained 5 broods. The cocoon displayed blue fluorescence, proving that the fusion protein was present in the cocoon. Also, the presence of fusion proteins in cocoons was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. Accordingly, we suggest that the EBFP fluorescence silk will enable the production of the silk-based biomaterials.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.509-516
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• 2010

This study investigates characteristics of diesel degradation and variations of microbial community with the soil enrichment cultures. The cultures has yellow(YE-5) and transparent color's(WH-5) colony on solid plate medium. The bacillus type of YE-5 and WH-5 cultures showed diesel degradation at the rate of 99.07mg-Diesel/$L{\cdot}day$ and 57.82mg-Diesel/$L{\cdot}day$ in the presence of 1%(v/v) initial diesel concentration. Diesel degradation was 1.7 times faster than WH-5 culture. YE-5 or WH-5 culture could degrade a wide range of diesel compounds from $C_8$ to $C_24$. Microbial community analysis by PCR-DGGE technique shows that Psedomonas, Klebsiella, Escherichia and Stenotrophomonas as proteobacteria take role on the diesel degradation. uncultured Senotrophomonas sp. was only detected with YE-5 culture. It is concluded that proper combination of the microorganism should be present to stimulate the degradation of diesel and further studies are recommended for the effect of uncultured Senotrophomonas sp. or Escherichia hermannii on diesel degradation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 2017

This study was conducted to prevent hardened texture in retorted frozen seafoods such as small octopus, squid, and top shell by adding sorbitol; the strength of mechanical hardness and other qualities were measured. The hardness of the 3 kinds of seafood pretreated with 2-4% (w/w) sorbitol solution decreased by 9-36% compared to the control. The hardness of retorted frozen octopus, squid, and top shell treated with sorbitol solution upon freezing significantly decreased to 1670, 1015, and $521g_f/cm^2$ compared to levels in untreated food of 1841, 1291, and $815g_f/cm^2$ (p<0.05), respectively. Yields based on weight in retorted seafood treated with sorbitol were increased by 2-5% compared to untreated samples. Additionally, the overall preference of texture was 0.4 points higher than that of control samples in descriptive sensory evaluation (p<0.05). The tissue softening of pretreated seafood was based on decreased dewatering due to the formation of small ice crystals during freezing as a result of sorbitol treatment.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.335-343
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• 1994

To determine the optimal level of cryoprotectant on the denaturation of pollock surimi produced in Korea, the relative cryoprotective effects of crystalline sorbitol alone and in combination with sucrose were assessed. Freeze induced protein denaturation was also studied as affected by polyphosphates and maltodextrin during frozen storage at $-25^{\circ}C$ for 16 weeks. Variables evaluated included salt extractable protein, drip loss and in vitro protein quality. The best cryoprotective effect was achieved from sucrose/sorbitol 1:1(w/w) mixture at $8\%$ with $0.2\%$ sodiumpyrophosphate and sodiumtriphosphate(1:1, w/w) in surimi by measurement of salt extractable protein and drip loss. Those cryoprotectants had little effect on surimi protein quality during frozen storage as measured by trypsin inhibitor(TI), protein digestibility and computed protein efficiency ratio(C-PER). Protein digestibility of surimi was not changed significantly by polyphosphate and maltodextrin at various levels(p<0.05), with the exception of 4 or $6\%$ sorbitol and $10\%$ sucrose alone which resulted in a higher digestibility. $8\%$ sorbitol/sucrose (5:3, w/w) treatment without polyphosphates showed the highest cryoprotective effectiveness from digestibility assay.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1985

Antitumor components were obtained from the cultured mycelia of Pleurotus pulmonarius by ethanol precipitation. The protein-bound polysaccharide was subjected to DEAE-­Sephadex column chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The antitumor fraction $C_1$ was isolated. The inhibition ratio of fraction $C_1$ was 81.8 % in the doses of 10 mg/kg/day for 10 days. The antitumor fraction $C_1$ consisted of a polysaccharide and a protein. The protein-moiety was composed of 14 amino acids. From the peritoneal cell populations in the mice given antitumor fraction $C_1$, the injection of the fraction caused the influx of peritoneal macrophages at two days when compared with those of soluble starch. This was named pulmonaran after its species name.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1996

To investigate properties of Ca-release channel in the reptile skeletal muscle, electrophoretical analysis, purification of RyR, $[^3H]ryanodine$binding study, and $^{45}Ca-release$ were carried out in the SR vesicles prepared from the snake skeletal muscle. The snake SR vesicle has the single high molecular weight protein band on SDS-PAGE, and its mobility was similar with that of rat skeletal SR vesicles. The high molecular weight band on SDS-PACE was found in the $[^3H]ryanodine$ peak fractions $(Fr_{5-7})$ obtained from the purification step of the RyR. Maximal binding site and Kd of the snake SR RyR were 6.36 pmole/mg protein and 17.62 nM, respectively. Specific binding of $[^3H]ryanodine$ was significantly increased by calcium and AMP (P<0.05), but not or slightly inhibited by tetracaine, ruthenium red (5.4%), or $MgCl_2$ (21%). $^{45}Ca-release$ from the SR vesicles loaded passively was significantly increased by the low concentration of calcium $(1{\sim}10{\mu}M)$ and AMP (5 mM)(P<0.05), but significantly decreased by the high concentration $(300{\mu}M)$ of calcium, tetracaine (1 mM), ruthenium red $(10{\mu}M)$, and $MgCl_2$ (2 mM)(P <0.05). From the above results, it is suggested that snake SR vesicles also have the RyR showing the similar properties to those of mammalian skeletal RyR with the exceptions of no or slight inhibition of $[^3H]ryanodine-binding$ by tetracaine, ruthenium red, or $MgCl_2$.