• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.17B no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2010

Matching spots between two sets of 2-dimensional electrophoresis can make it possible to find out the generation, extinction and change of proteins. Generally protein spots are separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis. This process makes the position of the same protein spot a little different according to the status of the tissue or the experimental environment. Matching the spots shows that the relation of spots is non-uniform and non-linear transformation. However we can also find that the local relation preserves the topology. This study proposes a matching method motivated by the preservation of the topology. To compare the similarity of the topology, we compared the distance and the angle between neighbour spots. Experimental result shows that the proposed method is effective.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.3 s.106
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• pp.323-328
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• 2006

Proteins in a cell appear as spots in a two dimensional gel image which is used in protein analysis. The spots from the same protein are in near position when comparing two gel images. Finding out the different proteins between a normal tissue and a cancer one is important information in drug development. Automatic matching of gel images is difficult because they are made from biological experimental processes. This matching problem is known to be NP-hard. Neural networks are usually used to solve such NP-hard problems. Hopfield neural network is selected since it is appropriate to solve the gel matching. An energy function with location and distance parameters is defined. The two spots which make the energy function minimum are matching spots and they came from the same protein. The energy function is designed to reflect the topology of spots by examining not only the given spot but also neighborhood spots.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.3 s.99
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• pp.239-246
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• 2005

Biologist must have to do 2DGE biological experiment for Protein Search and Analysis. This experiment coming into being 2 dimensional image. 2DGE (2D Gel Electrophoresis : two dimensional gel electrophoresis) image is the most widely used method for isolating of the objective protein by comparative analysis of the protein spot pattern in the gel plane. The process of protein spot analysis, firstly segment protein spots that are spread in 2D gel plane by image processing and can find important protein spots through comparative analysis with protein pattern of contrast group. In the algorithm which detect protein spots, previous 2DGE image analysis is applies gaussian fitting, however recently Watersheds region based segmentation algorithm, which is based on morphological segmentation is applied. Watersheds has the benefit that segment rapidly needed field in big sized image, however has under-segmentation and over-segmentation of spot area when gray level is continuous. The drawback was somewhat solved by marker point institution, but needs the split and merge process. This paper introduces a novel marker search of protein spots by watersheds-based hierarchical threshold, which can resolve the problem of marker-driven watersheds.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.6
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• pp.561-574
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• 2008

The spot detection phase of the 2-DE image analysis program segments a gel image into spot regions by an image segmentation algorithm and fits the spot regions to a spot shape model and quantifies the spot informations for the next phases. Currently the watershed algorithm is generally used as the segmentation algorithm and there are the Gaussian model and the diffusion model for the shape model. The diffusion model is closer to real spot shapes than the Gaussian model however spots have very various shapes and especially an asymmetric formation in x-coordinate and y-coordinate. The reason for asymmetric formation of spots is known that a protein could not be diffused completely because the 2-DE could not be processed under the ideal environment usually. Accordingly we propose an asymmetric diffusion model in this paper. The asymmetric diffusion model assumes that a protein spot is diffused from a disc at initial time of diffusing process, but is diffused asymmetrically for x-axis and y-axis respectively as time goes on. In experiments we processed spot matching for 19 gel images by using three models respectively and evaluated averages of SNR for comparing three models. As averages of SNR we got 14.22dB for the Gaussian model, 20.72dB for the diffusion model and 22.85dB for the asymmetric diffusion model. By experimental results we could confirm the asymmetric diffusion model is more efficient and more adequate for spot matching than the Gaussian model and the diffusion model.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1627-1633
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• 2007

c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting protein 1 (JIP1), also known as Islet-brain 1 (IB1), is a scaffold protein that is highly expressed in neurons and pancreatic ${\beta}-cells$. In this study subcellular localization of JIP was investigated in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using an antibody that recognize all variants of JIP1, JIP-2 and JIP-3. The overall expression profile of JIP is punctate throughout soma and dendrites. Statistic analysis showed that $54.8{\pm}4.0%\;and\;94.1{\pm}4.5%$ of total JIP immunopuncta overlapped with those of excitatory postsynaptic markers SD-95 and ${\alpha}Camik$, respectively. In contrast, only $8.6{\pm}0.5%\;and\;7.3{\pm}0.5%$ of JIP clusters overlapped with those of inhibitory postsynaptic markers glycine receptor (GlyR) and gephyrin, respectively. JIP clusters overlapped or juxtaposed with SV2 but not GAD, markers for general and inhibitory nerve terminals, respectively. A substantial fraction $(29.3{\pm}1.0%)$ of flotillin immunopuncta, a marker for lipid rafts, clusters overlapped with those of JIP. In addition, JIP was highly expressed in some select ends of dendrites but minimal in axons. These data suggest important roles of JIP in excitatory postsynaptic sites, lipid rafts and dendritic ends.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 1986

Biochemical and histological effects of ozone gas (0.3 ppm) on rice plant were discussed. After ozone expoure, damage symptom, percentages of destroyed leaves, activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase, and the contents of flavonoid, protein and sugar were examined on two rice varieties (Seokwangbyeo, Jinjubyeo), on tillering stage, and at different exposure time (0, 1, 3, 5 hr). The result were as followed. 1. The ozone-injured cell adjoining stomata become pigmented red-brown. 2. The percentage of injured leaves in Jinjubyeo was higher than that in Seokwangbyeo. 3. The activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase increased on ozone-injured leaves. 4. The peroxidase activity increased with time in Jinjubyeo compared to Seokwangbyeo. 5. Peroxidase isozyme spectrum was altered after ozone exposure. 6. The content of flavonoid and reducing sugar in the rice leaves was increased, but the contents of protein was reduced.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.124-127
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• 2013

Black necrotic spots were observed from the fruits of paprika that were cultivating in a vinylhouse. The casual agents of the symptom were identified as several isolates of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) by responses of indicator plants, electron microscopy, and RT-PCR analysis. Symptoms of the viral disease were mild mottle in the young leaves, necrotic spots on the fruits and the fruit apex of paprika, but the symptoms were not shown on the mature leaves. All of the PMMoV isolates were determined as $P_{1.2.3}$ pathotypes from the biological responses on the chilli pepper lines used for discrimination of tobamovirus pathotypes. Pathogenicity of the PMMoV isolates was also confirmed using mechanical inoculation method to paprika seedlings. The coat protein (CP) genes of the PMMoV isolates were compared at the nucleotide and amino acid levels with the previously published PMMoV isolate. The isolates share 96 to 99% CP nucleotide identity among the isolates. The CP of $P_{1.2}$-pathotype PMMoV-P2 presented Met at position 139, But the CPs of $P_{1.2.3}$-pathotype PMMoVs from paprika showed Met to Asn substitution at the same position. This is the first report of identification of $P_{1.2.3}$-pathotype PMMoV isolates from paprika in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.4 s.84
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• pp.510-514
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• 2007

This study was carried on cool and RT(room temperature) storage of unhulled rice. In RT storage of an analysis of coefficient relation, high significant positive coefficients were observed in toyo index and breakdown, setback and protein content. high significant negative coefficients were showed setback and breakdown, breakdown and protein content. In cool storage of an analysis of coefficient relation, high significant positive coefficients were observed in toyo index and amylose content and gelatinization start temperature and protein content and high significant negative coefficients were showed toyo index and whiteness, toyo index and gelatinization start temperature, gelatinization start temperature and amylose content. In RT storage of a path coefficient analysis, a highest positive direct influence was observed in amylose content and a highest negative direct influence was protein content. Positive indirect influence was high revealed breakdown and protein content and negative indirect influence was gelatinization start temperature and Mg/K ratio. In cool storage of a path coefficient analysis, a highest positive direct influence was whiteness and a highest positive indirect influence was gelatinization start temperature. Positive indirect influence was high revealed gelatinization start temperature and amylose content, negative indirect influence was whiteness and gelatinization start temperature. In RT storage of Multiple regression equation of Toyo index based on physicochemical properties of unhulled rice, a highest coefficient of determination was revealed among five facters of whiteness, protein content, Mg/K ratio, amylose content and gelatinization start temperature. In cool storage of Multiple regression equation of toyo index based on physicochemical properties of unhulled rice, highest coefficient of determination was revealed among five facters of moisture content, amylose content, gelatinization start temperature, breakdown and setback.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 1990

Silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs)염색법을 이용하여 in vivo 및 in vitro에서 발암과정과 관련된 세포증식능을 검토하였다. A/J마우스에 benzo (a) pyrene을 투여하여 유발된 폐선종, 폐선암 및 Sprague-Dawley랫트에 dimethylbenz (a) anthracene투여에 의해 발생된 유선의 선암세포에서 Ag-NORs의 염색상태를 정상 조직과 비교하여 또한 정상마우스 섬유모세포인 NIH3T3에서의 Ag-NORs의 수 및 DNA 증식 억제물질인 caffeine에 의한 변화를 관찰하였다. 은친화성 NOR과련 단백질은 핵내 흑색의 반점으로 나타났으며 정상 폐조직의 세포당 Ag-NORs 수치는 0.87+0.01였으며 양성종양인 폐선종세포 및 악성종양인 폐선암세포에서는 각각 2.33+0.02, 2.56+0.45 정상 유선조직의 세포당 Ag-NORs수치는 1.21+0.16였으며 악성종양인 선암세포는 3.91+0.11로써 종양성 병변에서 유의한 증가를 보였다 (P<0.005).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.248-252
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• 2005

The virions of causative virus for white spot syndrome in cultured Fresh shrimp, Penaeus chinensis were rod-shaped, double envelope. An average size of the virion was 70 nm in diameter and $250\~300$ nm in length. Histopathological test of affected stomach, heart, and lymphoid organ revealed nuclear hypertrophy. Infectivity trials carried out by injection and feeding with purified virus revealed high cumulative mortality to healthy shrimp. The twenty one different protein species were detected in the analysis of virion. The length of total DNA from the purified virus particles were detected as a single band, double-stranded DNA molecule of approximately 114 kb.