• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.315-323
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• 2010

Five concrete compressive stress-strain models have been analyzed to check the validity of the strength method for determining the nominal moment of strengthened members using commercially available computer language. The results show that the concrete stress-strain models do not influence on the flexural analysis. The moment of a strengthened member obtained from the flexural analysis at concrete compressive strain reaching 0.003 is well agreed with nominal moment using the strength method. The flexural analysis results show that when the steel reinforcement, FRP ratio, FRP failure strain, and concrete failure compressive strain are relatively lower, the strength method overestimates the flexural capacity of the strengthened members.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.158-166
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• 2008

Member force, strain and stress distribution of a section are obtained for prestressed steel and concrete(PSSC) composite bridge subjected to dead and live load in order to interpret the effect of prestressing and deformation of tendon. The stress and strain distribution and moment capacity are obtained for both noncomposite and composite section and for allowable stress limit state, yield limit state and strength limit state. Reliability analysis is conducted after assuming limit states for deflection, stress and flexural strength. Comparing that the reliability index for stress is near 0 for example section which is designed to satisfy the allowable stress exactly, the reliability indexes for deflection and flexural strength are high. Reliability of PSSC girder which is designed based on allowable stress of bridge design code is high for deflection and flexural strength.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.335-343
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• 2003

In the previous experimental study, it is verified that the ultimate strain of concrete (${\varepsilon}$$_{cu}$=0.003) and coefficient of equivalent stress block (${\beta}$$_1$) can be used for the analysis of RC beams under biaxial and uniaxial bending moment. However, the characteristics of stress distribution of non rectangular compressed area in the RC columns are different to those of rectangular compressed area. The properties of compressive stress distribution of concrete have minor effect on the pure bending moment such as beams, but for the columns subjected to combined axial load and biaxial bending moment, the properties of compressive stress distribution are influencing factors. Nevertheless, in ACI 318-99 code, the design tables for columns subjected to axial loads with bidirectional eccentricities are based on the parameters recommended for rectangular stress block(RSB) of rectangular compressed areas. In this study the characteristics of stress distribution through both angle and depth of neutral axis are observed and formulated rationally. And the modified parameters of rectangular stress block(MRSB) for non rectangular compressed area is proposed. And the computer program using MRSB for the biaxial bending analysis of RC columns is developed and the results of MRSB are compared to RSB and experimental results respectively.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.501-510
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• 2002

The middle diaphragm of box girder is to prevent the deformation of the cross section of box girder, to distribute load produced at upper flange onto the both sides of web. But if inner space of box girder is barred by the middle diaphragm, it is impossible to use in inner space of box girder and it is felt constraint on maintenance-management. The effect of middle diaphragm of box girder is intended to be expressed by the stiffness of diaphragm in comparing the diaphragm with opening of box girder with diaphragm without opening of box girder through the experiment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.205-217
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• 2014

In this study, flexural strength and ductility requirements of composite hybrid steel I-girder with its HSB(high performance steel for bridge) applied to tension flanges are examined in positive bending. In AASHTO LRFD specification, flexural strength and ductility requirements of composite I-girder in positive bending are specified in terms of plastic moment and plastic neutral axis that are derived from plastic behavior of conventional steel. However, plastic zone cannot be defined clearly from the stress-strain behavior of HSB unlike the behavior of conventional steel. Therefore, through idealized stress-strain curves of HSB, the plastic moment of composite hybrid steel I-girder with its HSB applied to tension flanges is defined by assuming the plastic zone of HSB. By using the consequences of numerical analysis regarding arbitrary cross-sections that have various dimensions, ductility requirements and flexural strength of composite hybrid I-girder with its HSB applied to tension flange are proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.934-941
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• 2002

It is important to consider the effect of member size when estimating the ultimate strength of a concrete flexural member because the strength always decreases with an increase of member size. In this study, the size effect of a reinforced concrete (RC) beam was experimentally investigated. For this purpose, a series of beam specimens subjected to four-point loading were tested. More specifically, three different effective depth (d$\approx$15, 30, and 60 cm) reinforced concrete beams were tested to investigate the size effect. The shear-span to depth ratio (a/d=3) and thickness (20 cm) of the specimens were kept constant where the size effect in out-of-plane direction is not considered. The test results are curve fitted using least square method (LSM) to obtain parameters for the modified size effect law (MSEL). The analysis results show that the flexural compressive strength and the ultimate strain decrease as the specimen size increases. In the future study, since $\beta_1$ value suggested by design code and ultimate strain change with specimen size variation, a more detailed analysis should be performed. Finally, parameters for MSEL are also suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.515-524
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• 2006

Cross-sectional distortions take place when steel box girders a re subjected to torsional moment, as a consequence of which distortional warping stresses are necessarily developed. Additional normal stresses due to the distortion are should be included at the design stage. The relative magnitude with respect to the maximum bending stress are kept less than the specific values, i.e., at 5~10%, by properly spaced intermediate diaphragms that could prevent the distortional deformation of the box girder. However, current design equations for the stiffness of intermediate diaphragms were derived based on BEF. In this study, the area required by the intermediate diaphragm members are investigated through three-dimensional finite element analyses. The results of the analyses indicate that the current equations give to conservative values for the intermediate diaphragm of box girder bridges. Finally, an improved equation for the area of the intermediate diaphragm is derived from a regression analysis from the finite element analysis results.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2008

The analysis and results of flexural behavior for steel composite beam with built-up cross-section considering bolt deformation are presented in this paper. The bolt deformation and the restrict effect due to bolt-connection and friction are considered to investigate the flexural behavior of steel composite beam. Nonlinear spring element in ABAQUS is used to consider bolt deformation, also the results are compared with those in case bolt deformations are ignored. The displacement, bending stresses and shear stresses are calculated by F.E. model, and these results are compared with the analytical value of no interaction beam, partial interaction beam and full interaction beam. As a result of analysis, the behavior of composite beam is more dependant on the composite rate than the friction of the steel. When the composite rate is more than 50%, the behavior of composite beam considering the effects of bolt deformation is similar to that of fully composite beam.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.36-36
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• 2011

I-거더 형식의 연속교 교각 부근에서는 큰 부모멘트가 작용하게 되며 이로 인하여 소성힌지가 생성되게 된다. 소성힌지가 형성됨에 따라 교각 부근의 부모멘트는 감소하게 되며, 정모멘트부의 휨모멘트는 반대로 증가하게 된다. 이러한 모멘트 재분배가 원활히 발생하기 위해서는 소성힌지가 충분한 휨연성 혹은 단면회전 능력을 가지고 있어야 한다. 하지만 고강도 강재를 적용한 연속교에서는 재료연성이 다소 떨어지는 경향이 있고, 재료의 항복응력이 증가할수록 I-거더의 탄성 변형량은 이에 비례하여 증가하므로, 소성변형 능력 및 휨연성이 감소하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서, 고강도 강재를 I-거더 형식의 연속교에 적용할 때 부모멘트부의 휨연성을 정량적으로 예측하여 재분배 모멘트가 원활히 이루어 지는지에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 유한요소해석 연구를 통하여 고강도강재 적용 I-거더 연속교의 재분배 모멘트를 고려한 휨거동 대하여 연구를 수행하였다. 연구 결과 재료의 인장 강도가 증가함에 따라 탄성 변형이 증가하며 소성 변형 능력이 저하됨으로 I-거더의 휨연성이 현저하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소성모멘트 까지 선형거동하는 재료모델을 이용한 간략식을 통하여 연속교의 휨거동을 예측하여 유한요소해석 결과와 비교하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.892-899
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• 2002

Among the methods for enhancement of load-carrying capacity on flexural concrete member, recently, a concept is being investigated which replaces the steel in a conventional reinforced concrete member with a fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) shell. This study focuses on modeling of the structural behavior of concrete surrounded with FRP shells in flexural bending members. A numerical model of fiber cross-sectional analysis is proposed to predict the stress and deformation state of the FRP shell and concrete. The stress-strain relationship of concrete confined by a FRP shell is formulated to be based on the constitutive law of concrete in multi-axial compressive stress state, in assuming that the compression response is dependent on the radial expansion of the concrete. To describe the FRP shell behavior, equivalent orthotropic properties of in-plane behavior from classical lamination theory are used. The present model is validated to compare with the experiments of 4-point bending tests of FRP shell concrete beam, and has well predicted the moment-curvature relationships of the members, axial and hoop strains in the section, and the enhancement of confinement effect in concrete surrounded by FRP shell.