• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial saliva contamination and decontamination procedures at different stages of a bonding procedure on the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of two one-step self-etch adhesives and a two-step total-etch adhesive to dentin of primary teeth. Forty-two extracted sound primary molars were randomly divided into three groups depending on three adhesives, Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SBU), All-Bond Universal (ABU) and Prime & Bond NT (PNT). For each adhesive, the teeth were allocated into seven groups. Except for control group, group 1, the groups were contaminated with artificial saliva at three different stages: the groups 2 and 3 - before adhesive application; the groups 4 and 5 - before adhesive polymerization; the groups 6 and 7 - after adhesive polymerization. Decontaminating procedures were rinsing, air-drying (group 2, 4, 6) and air-drying (group 3, 5, 7). The specimens were restored with composite resin (Filtek, Z350) and microtensile bond strength was measured. The data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (p < 0.05). In the control group, using PNT resulted in significantly higher bond strength than when ABU and SBU were used (p < 0.001). For three adhesives, the groups 2, 4 and 6 had greater bond strength than the groups 3, 5 and 7. Also, when the artificial saliva was contaminated before adhesive polymerization (group 4, 5), it showed a significantly lower bond strength. Generally the two-step total-etch adhesive generated a higher bond strength than the one-step self-etch adhesive. Artificial saliva contamination before adhesive polymerization led to a drastic decrease in bond strength, and rinsing with water followed by air-drying could not recover the bond strength.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.12 s.257
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• pp.821-827
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• 2005

Background: Hemodilution after priming of the cardiopulmonary bypass is known to increase the possibility of bleeding and homologous transfusion in adult cardiac surgery. We investigated the effects of retrograde autologous priming (RAP) to see whether it would decrease postoperative bleeding and homologous transfusion. Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed 34 patients wpho underwent RAP and 46 patients who did not. Retrograde autologous priming consisted of arterial lire drainage, venous reservoir and oxygenator drainage and venous line drainage. We compared the amount of priming solution and RAP volume, perioperative hematocrit, postoperative bleeding and transfusion requirements in the two groups. Resuit: Mean withdrawal volume in RAP group was 613.5$\pm$160.6 mL and initial priming volume was 1381.9$\pm$37.2 mL. Hemoatocrits ($\%$) in RAP and control groups were 25.0$\pm$3.7 vs 20.9$\pm$3.6 (5 minutes after CPB), 25.9$\pm$3.7 vs 22.5$\pm$3.6 (30 minutes after CPB), 25.9$\pm$3.4 vs 23.8$\pm$2.8 (60 minutes after CPB), 31.9$\pm$3.9 vs 31.5$\pm$4.5 (postoperative 1 hour), 32.4$\pm$4.4 vs 32.1$\pm$4.5 (postoperative 6 hours), 33.4$\pm$5.0 vs 31.7$\pm$5.1 (postoperative 1 day)[repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.05]. Chest tube drainages (mL) in the two groups were 357.2$\pm$177.1 vs 411.7$\pm$279.5 (postoperative 6 hours), 599.4$\pm$145.6 vs 678.8$\pm$256.4 (postoperative 24 hours)[t-test, p < 0.05]. Homologous transfusion was performed in 7 out of 34 patients in RAP group (20.6$\%$), and 16 out of 46 (34.8$\%$) in control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the effects of reducing the priming volume during cardiopulmonary bypass may result in lesser bleeding and homologous transfusion. Retrograde autologous priming would be used to reduce postoperative bleeding and chance of transfusion after adult cardiac surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2019

Purpose: Fungal periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare but devastating complication following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). On the other hand, a standardized procedure regarding an accurate treatment of this serious complication of knee arthroplasty is lacking. The clinical progress of staged reimplantation in patients who had fungus-related PJI after TKA was reviewed retrospectively. Materials and Methods: Ten patients who had a fungal related PJI after TKA between 2006 and 2017 using staged reimplantation surgery were reviewed. These patients were compared with 119 patients who had a PJI in the same period. The failure rate of infection control, intravenous antimicrobial using the period, and the clinical results were evaluated by comparing the range of motion and Korean knee score (KKS) between pre-staged reimplantation and the last follow-up. Results: In the fungal infection group, 7 out of 10 cases (70.0%) had failed in infection control using staged reimplantation and in the non-fungal group, 7 out of 119 cases (5.9%) had failed (p=0.04). In the non-fungal group, the mean duration of antibiotics was 6.2 weeks. In the fungus group, the mean duration of antibiotics was 15.3 weeks, which was 9.1 weeks longer (p<0.001). The range of motion of the knee was increased in the two groups (p=0.265). At the last follow-up, the KKS was 71.01 points in the non-fungal group and 61.3 points in the fungal group (p=0.012). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein (CRP) decreased in the two groups, but the CRP was significantly different in the two groups (p=0.007). Conclusion: The treatment of fungus-related PJIs using staged reimplantation showed uneven clinical progress and unsatisfactory clinical improvements compared to non-fungal PJI. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the use of an antifungal mixed cement spacer at resection arthroplasty and oral antifungal agent after reimplantation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.406-409
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• 2003

The procedure of present military facility remodeling has many problems at the stage of evaluating the priorities in various remodeling projects which have been caused from lots of corps. These problems have usually happened not only because of the shortage of the cooperation system in the related divisions but also because of the nonexistence of the effective process and method for evaluating the priorities. I've reviewed the study of remodeling and military facility business and applied the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method which is effective to evaluate the priorities in various groups' decision.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2010

Objectives: Ginseng has a long history of being used in insomnia treatment and there is some evidence from animal studies of its sleep-enhancing property. From this, it can be assumed that ginseng has sleep-promoting effect in humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Korean red ginseng on change of sleep architecture in humans. Methods: A total of 20 healthy young males with regular sleep and wake habits and without any psychiatric nor cognitive problems were selected based on review of sleep questionnaires and sleep diaries they completed followed by an interview with a board-certified psychiatrist. The subjects were randomly assigned to red ginseng or placebo for 2 weeks of trial. The total daily dose of ginseng was 4,500 mg. The polysomnographic recordings were made at baseline and at 2 weeks after. The effects of red ginseng and placebo on sleep were assessed by comparing the changes in polysomnographic variables between the two groups. Results: A total of 15 subjects, 8 from red ginseng group and 7 from placebo group, were included to undergo polysomnographic procedures. The red ginseng group showed tendencies to increase stage 3 sleep (p=0.087) and to decrease stage 2 sleep (p=0.071) from the baseline compared with the placebo group. Conclusion: Korean red ginseng tends to increase deep sleep and decrease shallow sleep. Our result is in line, at least in part, with previous findings that Korean red ginseng increased total and NREM sleep in rats. Further studies with higher ginseng dosage, larger sample size and longer trial duration should be conducted to confirm the sleep stabilizing and balancing effects of Korean red ginseng.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1062-1068
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• 1997

From August 1989 to January 1996, a total of 105 cases of bidirectional Glean operations have been done as the interim stage for the patien s with some risk of univentricular correction at Sejong General Hospital. From December 1992, we started the conversion to Fontal operations for them, and 42 cases underwent Fontal-stage operation till February 1996. Their diagnoses were univentricular heart in 19(right ventricular type : 14), tricuspid atresia 11, double outlet of right ventricle 9, and others in 3 cases. The median age of bidirectional Glerln-stage operation was 12.5 months(range 2 months to 8 years) and Fontan-stage operation was at 59.6 months of median age(range 1 year 5 months to ,9 year 7 months). The mean waiting interval between the two operations was 33.88 $\pm$ 17.85 months with a range of 10 months to 6 years 3 months. During the waiting periods, 18 patients developed significant systemic-pulmonary collaterals andfor systemic verso-veno collateral channels. There were 5 hospital deaths after operations due to low cardiac output in 4 and sepsis in one. Most of the Fontal-stage operations were done by the late al tunneling with Core-Tex tube graft patch and fenestrated with the size of 2.5 ~6 mm. All the patients were followed-up(7 months to 4 years 2 months, mean 21.97$\pm$10.82 months) and there were 5 late deaths(postoperatively 6 months to 2 years) due to thromboembolism in 1, after heart transplantation 1, plastic bronchitis 1, protein loosing enteropathy 1, and pneumonia in 1. Dividing the patients by the waiting interval of 2 years, the early correction to Fontal group (N=16) showed the better results(hospital mortality 1116, late mortality 1116, significant collateral development 2/16) compared to the other group(N=26) (4/26, 4/26, 16/26). In conclusion, after the bidirectional Glean-stage operation successfully got rid of the previous risk factors, we recommand to do the Fontan-stage operation no later than 2 years of interval.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.204-214
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• 2005

This study compared the microtensile bond strength (${\mu}$TBS) and microscopic change of two 2-step and two 1-step self-etching adhesives to dentin according to storage times in distilled water. Occlusal dentin was exposed in 48 human molars. They were divided to four groups by different adhesives: SE Bond group (Clearfil SE Bond), AdheSE group (AdheSE). Adper group (Adper Prompt L-Pop), and Xeno group (Xeno III) . Each group was stored in 37$^{\circ}C$ distilled water for 1, 15, and 30 days. Resin-bonded specimens were sectioned into beams and subjected to ${\mu}$TBS testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. For SEM observation, one specimen was selected and sectioned in each group after each stroage time. Resin-dentin interface was observed under FE-SEM. In all storage times, mean ${\mu}$TBS of SE group was significantly higher than those of other groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between mean ${\mu}$TBS of SE group and AdheSE group among all storage times, but significant difference between 1- and 30-day storage in mean y${\mu}$TBS of Adper group and Xeno group (p > 0.05). For 1-and 15-day storage, all groups showed the close adaptation between resin-dentin interfaces. For 30-day storage, resin-dentin interfaces showed wide gap in Adper group and separate pattern in Xeno III group.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1383-1387
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• 2008

우리나라는 계절적으로 편중된 강우특성 때문에 이수관리와 치수관리가 분리될 수 없고, 하천유역 상 하류의 수량과 수질은 유기적으로 연관되어 있으므로 수자원관리는 하천유역단위로 통합적으로 이루어져야 한다. 특히 한정된 수자원으로 하천의 수량과 수질 목표를 동시에 달성하기 위해서는 물의 수요와 공급을 실시간 정보로 획득하면서 기상과 유출 분석기술을 활용하여 운영기간 동안의 용수수요와 공급을 예측하고, 이를 바탕으로 하천과 저수지의 수량과 수질을 고려한 유역 저수지군 시스템의 최적 물공급계획을 수립 시행할 수 있도록 지원하는 통합 물관리 Toolkit과 운영 기술이 필요하다. '유역통합 물관리시스템(IRWMS)'은 유역의 유출량 산정과 예측을 담당하는 유역유출 예측시스템(RRFS)과 연동하여 장 단기 저수지군 시스템의 최적운영 의사결정을 지원하기 위한 월단위 최적운영모형(SSDP), 일단위 최적운영모형(CoMOM), 그리고 유역물배분 모의운영모형(KModSim)이 포함되어 있다. RRFS로부터 예측된 수계내 소유역별 유입량 및 수요량(농업, 공업, 생활용수) 정보를 토대로, SSDP 또는 SSDP-CoMOM 연계모형으로부터 구한 월 또는 일 단위 최적저류량 및 방류량을 산정, 이를 KModSim 모형에 입력하여 장 단기 모의를 통하여 유역 물관리 의사결정의 최종단계에 해당하는 저수지군 최적방류량 결정에 필요한 정보 및 시나리오를 제공하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 개발된 저수지운영 요소모형들을 이용하여 금강수계 저수지군의 연계운영에 적용하였다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.419-426
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• 2017

Attachment of the orthodontic bracket conducted during the window opening procedure can result in failure due to various adverse conditions such as blood or saliva contamination, or other wet conditions. For the success of the bracket attachment, reduction of total operation time is crucial. The purpose of this literature is to evaluate the differences between the final resultant shear bond strength of the conventional method of using phosphoric acid and self-etching primer, and that of the operation time-reduced method in which the curing step is omitted subsequent to the primer application. A total of 40 human maxillary incisors were prepared. Group I(control group) and II were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and Group III and IV were conditioned with self-etching primer. Attachment of the group I and III was conducted by manufacturer's instructions. The operation time of Group II and IV was reduced by eliminating the curing step after the primer application. The resultant shear bond strength of each group was measured and an adhesive remnant index (ARI) was recorded. The mean shear bond strength of group I, II, III, and IV were 14.16 MPa, 8.33 MPa, 8.29 MPa, and 6.48 MPa respectively. Significant differences could only be found between the control group and the experimental groups (p < 0.05). The ARI indicated no significant difference among all groups.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2010

Purpose : The aim of this study was to examine whether hypercapnia during the first seven days of life was associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants requiring mechanical ventilation. Methods : A matched pair analysis was performed for 19 preterm infants with severe IVH(grade$\geq$3) and 38 infants with no severe IVH (normal or grade 1), who required mechanical ventilation for more than seven days. The univariate and multivariate analysis of severe IVH with maximal and minimal $PaCO_2$, averag $PaCO_2$, SD of $PaCO_2$, and difference in the $PaCO_2$ were assessed. The major perinatal factors and maximal ventilator index (VI) were also compared. Results : Infants with severe IVH had a higher maximal $PaCO_2$ (86.1$\pm$18.4 mmHg vs. 60.1$\pm$ 11.6 mmHg, P <0.001) and mean $PaCO_2$ (47.5$\pm$5.6 mmHg vs. 41.2$\pm$6.3 mmHg, P=0.004) and a larger SD or difference in $PaCO_2$ (14.0$\pm$4.4 mmHg vs. 9.0$\pm$2.4 mmHg; 60.3$\pm$20.9 mmHg vs. 35.5$\pm$11.8 mmHg, P <0.001). However the minimal $PaCO_2$ values did not differ between the groups. Disseminated intravascular coagulation, pulmonary hemorrhage, and the air leak syndrome were more frequent in the IVH group than in the controls. The maximal VI on each day was higher in the IVH group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis after controlling for bleeding tendency showed that the air leak syndrome, maximal VI, and maximal $PaCO_2$ were independently associated with severe IVH [OR, 1.324 (95% CI, 1.011-1.733; P=0.041)]. Conclusion : Extreme hypercapnia was significantly associated with severe IVH in preterm infants, after adjustment for major perinatal risk factors. Frequent monitoring of the $PaCO_2$ may be important for early detection of inadvertent hypercapnia and prompt correction of high PaCOS levels.