• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2008

A New spary chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) cultivar 'Water Fog' was bred by open pollination of 'Angaesoguk'. Its characteristics were investigated three times from 2004 to 2006 under forcing culture in spring and retarding culture in autumn. The natural flowering time of 'Water Fog' was 24 October, but year-round production was possible by shading and lighting. It had flower diameter of 2.3 cm, 46.5 petals and 34.4 flowers per stem in autumn. The petal was narrow(0.4cm) and the color of petal was white with presence of green at flower center. Days to flower from short-day start for 'Water Fog' was about 48 in spring. 'Water Fog' showed the vase life of 22.6 days in autumn. This cultivar was registered for a commercialization in 2007. 'Water Fog' would be cultured under greenhouse and rain shelter condition in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.541-545
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• 2008

A new spary chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) cultivar 'Yellow Eye' was developed from a cross between 'Angela' and 'Angaesoguk' followed by selections of seedlings and lines at the Flower Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services (ARES) from 2003 to 2007. Its characteristics were investigated three times from 2005 to 2007 under forcing culture in spring and retarding culture in autumn. The natural flowering time of 'Yellow Eye' was October 24th, but year-round production was possible by shading and lighting. Its flower was 3.3 cm in diameter, and had 31.7 petals and 27.9 flowers per stem in autumn. It has pollenless, single type flowers with yellow petals and green flower center. To flower in under the short day condition, for 'Yellow Eye' was about 41 days in spring, and 'Yellow Eye' showed a vase life of 23.1 days in autumn. This cultivar was registered for a commercialization in 2007. 'Yellow Eye' would be cultured under the greenhouse and rain shelter condition in Korea.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2024

The Lombard effect is an involuntary response to speakers' experiences in the presence of noise during voice communication. This study aimed to investigate the Lombard effect by comparing the acoustic features of children and adults under different listening conditions. Twelve male children (5-9 years old) and 12 young adult men (24-35 years old) were recruited to produce speech under three different listening conditions (quiet, noise-55 dB, noise-70 dB). Acoustic analyses were then carried out to characterize their acoustic features, such as F0, intensity, duration, and vowel space area, under the three listening conditions. A Lombard effect was observed in the intensity and duration for children and adults who participated in this study under adverse listening conditions. However, we did not observe a Lombard effect in the F0 and vowel space areas of either group. These findings suggest that children can adjust their speech production in challenging listening conditions as much as adults.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.423-430
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• 2024

Cymbidium (C.) spp. 'Wedding Day' was developed by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in 2021. This cultivar was derived from the artificial cross between C. 'Boksam Holiday' and C. 'Persicolor' in 2008. After the crossing, 112 seedlings were obtained through in vitro germination and transferred to the green house. Based on their vegetative and flowering characteristics, two lines were selected through the first selection. To confirm the stability and uniformity of the two lines, the first and second trials were conducted from 2017 to 2021. As a result, the final line with the code 'C0844-29' was selected as 'Wongyuo F1-78'. After evaluating consumer preference, the line was named as 'Wedding Day'. This hybrid is medium sized cultivar with long vase life of cut flowers and more than 11 white flowers per stalk. It has 63.2 cm of erect stalks which are suitable for cut flower. The leaves are 65.8 cm long and located lower than the flowers, providing appropriate shape for viewing the flowers. It starts flowering from late January. It has sufficient proliferation ability to enable mass proliferation for commercial use (Registration No. 9523).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 1983

The aspect of flowering was investigated in 'Georgia' cut lilies which had four flowers per stem. Concurrently effects of preservative solutions on longevity, petal length, water uptake and fresh weight of cut flowers were examined. 1. Days of opening of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd flower were 1-2 days, 3-4 days and 5-6days after beginning of holding treatment respectively. But the 4th flower was opened 9-10 days after beginning of holding treatment when the 1st and 2nd flowers were wilting or drying. 2. The later the opening of flower in a stem was, the shorter the longevity of flower became. But the effects of preservative solutions on longevity were gradually increased as the opening of flower was late in a stem. 3. Preservative solutions containing sucrose and $AgNO_3$ or HQ were able to increase petal length and longevity of the 3rd and 4th flowers sufficiently like the 1st and 2nd flowers. 4. Petal length, water uptake, fresh weight and longevity of cut lilies held in preservative solution containing sucrose, $AgNO_3$ and HQ were increased significantly compared with others. Solution containing sucrose alone increased longevity but decreased water uptake remarkably and did not increase fresh weight and petal length effectively compared with the control.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.30-39
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• 2019

In this study, 27 representative plants with symbolism and appreciation were extracted from 68 plants collected in Li Yu (1611-1680)'s monograph named 'Xianqingouji Zhongzhibu'. The interpretations were as follows. First, symbolism of plants could be summarized as 1) Li Yu thought that Paeonia suffruticosa was called 'the king of flowers', not only because of its beauty, but also because of its upright character. The only flower that could compete against Paeonia suffruticosa was Paeonia lactiflora Pall.. This flower was called 'the flower prime minister' by common people. But Li Yu thought that Paeonia lactiflora Pall. should also be included in the feudal princes. 2) Prunus persica and Camellia japonica were compared to 'beautiful cheeks', and Malus spectabilis (Ait.)Borkh, Jasminum sambac, Rosa multiflora var. platyphylla, Narcissus tazetta, Papaver rhoeas were compared to 'beautiful women', expressing his love for flowers. 3) Li Yu called Nelumbo nucifera a 'gentleman in flowers' and Buxus sinica Rehd. et Wils. Cheng a 'gentleman in trees'. On the contrary, Daphne odora was compared to 'villain in flowers'. 4) Ilex integra was compared to a hermit, and Campsis grandiflora was compared to an immortal. Second, appreciation of plants could be organized by 1) Appreciation of plants required assistive tools. When going to suburb to enjoy the scenery, tents needed to be prepared. Paper screens should be used to appreciate Prunus mume in the courtyard so as to gain more elegant. Li Yu also proposed that ornamental objects should be properly placed near Orchidaceae so as to gain more elegant. 2）Li Yu took Lagerstroemia indica and Prunus armeniaca L. as examples to interpret that plants were as perceptive as animals and human beings. 3) Li Yu took Salix pierotii and Albizia julibrissin as examples to interpret that people should communicate with plants through five senses to produce resonance. And took Nelumbo nucifera and Rosa rugosa to emphasize the ornamental and practical value of plants. 4) Plants were metaphored sth. similar to them. An interesting example was Celosia cristata L. which was more like an auspicious cloud in the sky than the crest on the cock's head. To sum up, Li Yu personified plants and thought that people should communicate with plants by multi-sensory world when appreciating plants. Through this, it fully showed his love for plants. Meanwhile, Li Yu's symbolism and appreciation of plants, to some extent, reflected the elegant life of literati in the early Qing Dynasty.