• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.5 no.4 s.18
• /
• pp.23-35
• /
• 2003

In this study, compaction evaluating program based on ASTM critria is developed bu analyzing the results of laboratory tests. And the laboratory tests such as compaction test, triaxial test and resonance column test of subgrade soils are performed to develop compaction management methodology at seven test sites. Especially, to figure out chararteristic with changing compactive efforts, the test was carried out at five levels of compactive efforts at each soil sample. Database was set up from the test results. With the methodology using mechanical property - the elastic modulus, the gap between road design and management and road construction management is narrowed. The regression equation of G/$G_{max}$ is proposed at each strain level of subgrade soils according to AASHTO criteria, and the relationship between fundamental properties of soil mass and degree of compaction is derived as well. The development of compaction management and field compaction management method is proposed by the elastic modulus based on mechanical tests.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2023

Compaction is performed in civil engineering sites to secure the stability of the ground and prevent settlement. While the process of compaction is crucial, it is also essential to evaluate the degree of compaction after the completion of the process. In domestic sites, the evaluation of compaction is mainly conducted on a small number of spot using point-based tests such as plate load tests and sand cone tests. The methods presented so far allow assessment of surface compaction, but evaluating compaction in deeper layers poses challenges. Moreover, due to the limited coverage of point-based testing, it is difficult to achieve an overall assessment of compaction. As a solution to these issues, the Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves (SASW) tests were utilized to evaluate compaction. SASW tests offer a broader measurement range compared to point-based tests, and depending on the test setup, this method can provide the stiffness of the ground at greater depths. In this study, SASW tests were conducted in a compacted soil site under different conditions to assess compaction. Additionally, Nuclear Density Gauge tests were conducted concurrently to compare and verify the results of SASW. The research results confirmed the feasibility of evaluating compaction using SASW at the geotechnical site.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.287-296
• /
• 2001

국내 건설현장에서는 성토다짐의 다짐도 확인을 위해 주로 평판재하시험(PBT)을 사용한다. 평판재하시험은 재하시험시 표층의 매우 잘 다져진 곳에 대한 지지력 계수를 획득 하여 실다짐도를 과대 평가하는 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 이에 착안하여 응력도달 범위가 작은 평판재하시험을 지양하고 콘관입시험으로부터 획득되는 노상의 관입지수로부터 지반의 다짐도를 추정할 수 있는 콘관입시험기와 구동시스템 및 해석 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템은 다짐차량에 간편하게 부착하여 현장에서 직접 다짐도를 획득할 수 있으며 다짐도와 더불어 다져진 지반의 전단강도정수를 동시에 측정할 수 있다.

• The Journal of Engineering Research
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.109-118
• /
• 2004

국내 건설현장에서는 성토다짐의 다짐도 확인을 위해 주로 평판재하시험(PBT)을 사용한다. 평판재하시험은 재하시험시 표층의 매우 잘 다져진 곳에 대한 지지력 계수를 획득하여 실다짐도를 과대 평가하는 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 이에 착안하여 응력도달 범위가 작은 평판재하시험을 지양하고 콘관입시험으로부터 획득되는 노상의 관입지수로부터 지반의 다짐도를 추정할 수 있는 콘관입시험기와 구동시스템 및 해석 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템은 다짐차량에 간편하게 부착하여 현장에서 직접 다짐도를 획득할 수 있으며 다짐도와 더불어 다져진 지반의 전단강도정수를 동시에 측정할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2011

Compaction tests have been performed to investigate the compaction characteristics of sands and clays with organic mixture. Weathered granite soil, kaolinite, and granulated carbon were used as the alternatives of sand, clay, and organics, respectively. The soapy water which is a kind of surfactant solutions was also used as water substitute to see the engineering properties changes of each soil. As seen when water was used, the optimum moisture contents increased and the maximum dry unit weight decreased for the soil with surfactants as the percentage of the organic contents increased. Surfactants slightly improved the compaction efficiency at low compactive energy level for the weathered granite soil with organics. As the organic contents increased for clays with surfactants, the optimum moisture contents decreased and the maximum dry unit weight increased. Surfactants slightly improved the compaction efficiency of clays with organics at all levels of compaction energy.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.4 s.26
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2005

Tests are conducted to analyze the compaction characteristics of domestic river sand used frequently for backfill in construction of electrical pipeline. As a result of test, the range of specific gravity of sand is found to be in between 2.63 and 2.67, and of maximum dry weight of sand is in between $1.70g/cm^3\;and\;1.86g/cm^3$. Also, the optimum moisture content is found to be in between 11.3% and 13.8%. The variability of compaction degree with respect to compaction energy is well captured by hyperbolic function.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.31 no.1C
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2011

This paper evaluates the applicability of wave-based nondestructive methodologies and a penetration test for compaction quality measurements during road construction. To evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of compacted subgrade soil layers, soil stiffness gauge (SSG), time domain reflectometry (TDR), and miniature electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers were used to nondestructively evaluate the soil response during and after compaction and dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) profiles were used to evaluate the soil shear strength after compaction was completed. At the field site, two types of soils were compacted with four different compaction equipments and energies. Field testing results indicate that soil parameters evaluated by different testing methods, which are SSG, TDR, MEMS accelerometer, and DCP, are highly correlated. In addition, it is shown that the physical and mechanical tests deployed in this study can be used as alternative methods to the conventional compaction quality evaluation methods when assessing the overall quality and the engineering response of compacted lifts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2003.03a
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 2003

평판재하시험은 재하시험시 표층의 매우 잘 다져진 곳에 대한 지지력 계수를 획득하여 실다짐도를 과대 평가하는 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 이에 착안하여 응력도달 범위가 작은 평판재하시험을 지양하고 콘관입시험으로부터 획득되는 노상의 관입지수로부터 지반의 다짐도를 추정할 수 있는 콘관입시험기와 구동시스템 및 해석 프로그램을 개발하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.143-151
• /
• 2005

This paper presented a method to estimate the consolidation yield stress of compacted soil with an unsaturated soil mechanics, especially considering the effect of matric suction. Then two kinds of experiments were conducted. One is a series of static compaction tests to monitor the matric suction, and the other is a series of consolidation tests on compacted soil without soaking. The results indicate that it is possible to derive the distribution of matric suction on compaction curves and to hypothesize the changes of the void ratio depending on the matric suction in the consolidation tests. With this experimental results, a new method was introduced to estimate the consolidation yield stress of compacted soil including compaction curves.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2019

Soil compaction is one of the most important activities in the area of civil works, including road construction, airport construction, port construction and backfilling construction of structures. Soil compaction, particularly in road construction, can be categorized into subgrade compaction and roadbed compaction, and is significant work that when done poorly can serve as a factor causing poor construction due to a lack of compaction. Currently, there are many different types of compaction tests, and the plate bearing test and the unit weight of soil test based on the sand cone method are commonly used to measure the degree of compaction, but many other methods are under development as it is difficult to secure economic efficiency. For the purpose of this research, a portable penetration meter called the Free-Fall Penetration Test (FFPT) was developed and manufactured. In this study, a homogeneous sample was obtained from the construction site and soil was classified through a sieve analysis test in order to perform grain size analysis and a specific gravity test for an indoor test. The principle of FFPT is that the penetration needle installed at the tip of an object put into free fall using gravity is used to measure the depth of penetration into the road surface after subgrade or roadbed compaction has been completed; the degree of compaction is obtained through the unit weight of soil test according to the sand cone method and the relationship between the degree of compaction and the depth of the penetration needle is verified. The maximum allowable grain size of soil is 2.36 mm. For $A_1$ compaction, a trend line was developed using the result of the test performed from a drop height of 10 cm, and coefficient of determination of the trend line was $R^2=0.8677$, while for $D_2$ compaction, coefficient of determination of the trend line was $R^2=0.9815$ when testing at a drop height of 20 cm. Free fall test was carried out with the drop height adjusted from 10 cm to 50 cm at increments of 10 cm. This study intends to compare and analyze the correlation between the degree of compaction obtained from the unit weight of soil test based on the sand cone method and the depth of penetration of the penetration needle obtained from the FFPT meter. As such, it is expected that a portable penetration tester will make it easy to test the degree of compaction at many construction sites, and will lead to a reduction in time, equipment, and manpower which are the disadvantages of the current degree of compaction test, ultimately contributing to accurate and simple measurements of the degree of compaction as well as greater economic feasibility.