• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.29-42
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• 2016

Remote sensing allows acquisition of information across a large area without contacting objects, and has thus been rapidly developed by application to different areas. Thus, with the development of remote sensing, satellites are able to rapidly advance in terms of their image resolution. As a result, satellites that use remote sensing have been applied to conduct research across many areas of the world. However, while research on remote sensing is being implemented across various areas, research on data processing is presently insufficient; that is, as satellite resources are further developed, data processing continues to lag behind. Accordingly, this paper discusses plans to maximize the performance of satellite image processing by utilizing the CUDA(Compute Unified Device Architecture) Library of NVIDIA, a parallel processing technique. The discussion in this paper proceeds as follows. First, standard KOMPSAT(Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite) images of various sizes are subdivided into five types. NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) is implemented to the subdivided images. Next, ArcMap and the two techniques, each based on CPU or GPU, are used to implement NDVI. The histograms of each image are then compared after each implementation to analyze the different processing speeds when using CPU and GPU. The results indicate that both the CPU version and GPU version images are equal with the ArcMap images, and after the histogram comparison, the NDVI code was correctly implemented. In terms of the processing speed, GPU showed 5 times faster results than CPU. Accordingly, this research shows that a parallel processing technique using CUDA Library can enhance the data processing speed of satellites images, and that this data processing benefits from multiple advanced remote sensing techniques as compared to a simple pixel computation like NDVI.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2010

This study tested how S/N (Signal to Noise Ratio) ratios and ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) values vary with different T-scores in a group of patients with osteoporosis. Based on DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) T-scores for L1.L4 for two groups of subjects consisting of 30 healthy people without osteoporosis and 30 patients who came for treatment of waist (lumbar or low back) pain and were suspected to have osteoporosis as judged from the simple X-ray findings, this study classified every spine into two groups of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Signal intensity measurements were made in the four regions of L1 to L4 on diffusion-weighted MR images obtained using 1.5T MR scanner, while ADC measurements were obtained from ADC map images. As an approach for quantitative analysis, the comparison of the variances in S/N ratios and ADC values for varying T-scores in the selected regions of interest was carried out based on averaged T-scores, S/N ratios, and ADC values. Also, the variances in S/N ratios and ADC values for each of the groups of osteoporosis and osteopenia, which were classified into by T-scores, were compared. For qualitative analysis, a careful naked eye examination of signal intensity differences in the area of L4 was made on T1-weighted sagittal images for each of the healthy (normal), osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups. In the qualitative analysis, it was found that for both the osteopenia group and the osteoporosis group, as T-scores deceased, the S/N ratios on diffusion-weighted MR images also decreased, with the greatest decrease in the S/N ratio found in the osteoporosis group. Additionally, among the three groups, the lowest S/N ratio was found in the osteoporosis group. With respect to ADC map, it was found that for both the osteopenia group and the osteoporosis group, as T-scores deceased, the ADC values on diffusion-weighted MR images also decreased, with the greatest decrease in the ADC values found in the osteoporosis group. Additionally, among the three groups, the lowest ADC value was found in the osteoporosis group. On the other hand, in the qualitative analysis, the osteoporosis group showed the highest signal intensity. Additionally, among the three groups, the lowest signal intensity was found in the healthy (normal) group. It was found that as osteoporosis progressed, S/N ratio and ADC decreased, whereas signal intensity increased on T1-weighted images. Also, in diagnosing osteoporosis, MRI tests turned out to be (more) effective.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.106-119
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• 2018

The purposes of this study were to develop a learner activity-centered science class program, apply it to the fourth-grade elementary students, and analyze its effects on their attitude towards science, academic achievement, and concept sustainability. To this end, the content of the fourth-grade elementary subject related to 'volcanoes and earthquakes' was reorganized through 12 periods, and the class was divided into two groups. Then, general science class was applied to the comparative group, and the learner activity-centered science class program including writing, making, and expressing was applied to the experimental group. In order to compare the two groups regarding attitude towards science, academic achievement, and concept sustainability before and after the application, mind map data was collected and analyzed based on mind map grading criteria. As a result of the post-test, the two groups showed statistically significant differences in all the sub-factors of attitude towards science, that is, recognition, ability, value, and interest sustainability, especially in interest sustainability. As for academic achievement, as a result of the post-achievement test, the experimental group had higher average scores than the comparative group, and it also showed improved scores compared to the pre-achievement test results. In addition, as a result of the post-achievement test, both the two groups showed statistically significant results. In the concept sustainability test after the post-achievement test, the experimental group had higher average scores than the comparative group in the areas of center circle, branches, and expression, which were the evaluation criteria for the mind map analysis, and the two groups showed statistically significant differences in the areas of center circle and expression, except for branches. In conclusion, learner activity-centered science class turned out to be effective on students' attitude towards science, academic achievement, and concept sustainability. If the learner activity-centered science class program is actively introduced and used in actual educational sites, it is expected to contribute to improving related classes.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.157-171
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• 2024

The purposes of this study were: (1) to revalidate the revised Systems Thinking Measuring Instrument (Re_STMI) reported by Lee et al. (2024) among Vietnamese high school students and (2) to investigate the differences in systems thinking abilities between Korean and Vietnamese high school students. To achieve this, data from 234 Vietnamese high school students who responded to translated Re_STMI consisting of 20 items and an Scale consisting of 20 items were used. Validity analysis was conducted through item response analysis (Item Reliability, Item Map, Infit and Outfit MNSQ, DIF between male and female) and exploratory factor analysis (principal axis factor analysis using Promax). Furthermore, structural equation modeling was employed with data from 475 Korean high school students to verify the latent mean analysis. The results were as follows: First, in the item response analysis of the 20 translated Re_STMI items in Vietnamese, the Item Reliability was .97, and the Infit MNSQ ranged from .67 to 1.38. The results from the Item Map and DIF analysis align with previous findings. In the exploratory factor analysis, all items were loaded onto intended sub-factors, with sub-factor reliabilities ranging from .662 to .833 and total reliability at .876. Confirmatory factor analysis for latent mean analysis between Korean and Vietnamese students yielded acceptable model fit indices (χ²/df: 2.830, CFI: .931, TLI: .918, SRMR: .043, RMSEA: .051). Lastly, the latent mean analysis between Korean and Vietnamese students revealed a small effect size in systems analysis, mental models, team learning, and shared vision factors, whereas a medium effect size was observed in personal mastery factors, with Vietnamese high school students showing significantly higher results in systems thinking. This study confirmed the reliability and validity of the Re_STMI items. Furthermore, international comparative studies on systems thinking using Re_STMI translated into Vietnamese, English, and other languages are warranted in the context of students' systems thinking analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.3 s.151
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• pp.407-411
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the physiological responses of obese children after a short-term wear training and education. A ten-week program was conducted on thirteen obese elementary school children of six boys and seven girls in the 4th to the 6th grade. During the program, the children were instructed to measure daily ambient temperature and weight of their clothing. Physiological responses of the sedentary children in 100$\%$ cotton short sleeved t-shirt (0.13clo) and T/C short pants(0.09clo) were observed in the climatic chamber of 23.0$\pm$0.5$^{circ}C$ and 50$\pm$5$\%$RH before and after program. During the experiment, internal ear temperature ($T_{ear}$), seven site skin temperatures, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and subjective responses of thermal comfort and thermal sensation were measured every 5minutes. Mean skin temperature($T_{sk}$) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) were calculated. Obtained data are statistically analyzed and main results are as follows. There was highly significant correlation between the ambient temperature and the total clothing weight. $T_{ear}$ and MAP were reduced in the post-program compared to the pre-program. The obese girls felt slightly warmer than the obese boys and the girls were likely to prefer lower ambient temperature in the post-program than the pre-program. It was concluded that the 10 week wear training is apt to be more applicable to the obese girls than the obese boys. However, a more comprehensive study including. diverse measurements of deep body temperature with a long-term training would be needed to clarify the improvement of temperature adaptability in the obese children.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.69-76
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• 2000

This study deals with development GIS application using web-based CAD, this application serves to user, designer, manager that more convenient and various functions. Development to this application, collect attribute data from fieldwork and geographic data from cadastral map and aerial survey map and then development to user interface using HTML, JavaScript, ASP, Whip ActiveX control. This application's characters are as follows ; First, system designer designed that anyone who have basic knowledge about web and CAD can develop this application. A system structure simplification by 2-Tier. Geographic information use DWF(drawing web format) file and attribute information use DBMS in consideration of extension. Second, system manager can service independently GIS in Web need not high priced GIS engine, so more economical. Third, internet user get service GIS information and function that search of information, zoom in/out, pan, print etc., if you need more functions, add function without difficultly. Developed application as above, not only save volume but fast of speed as use vector data exclude character and image data. Also, this application can used by means of commercial and travel information service but also various GIS service of public institution and private in web.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 2012

This research is aimed at evaluating the land surface characterization of KOMPSAT-3A middle infrared (MIR) data. Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner (AHS) data, which has MIR bands with high spatial resolution, were used to assess land surface temperature (LST) retrieval and classification accuracy of MIR bands. Firstly, LST values for daytime and nighttime, which were calculated with AHS thermal infrared (TIR) bands, were compared to digital number of AHS MIR bands. The determination coefficient of AHS band 68 (center wavelength $4.64{\mu}m$) was over 0.74, and was higher than other MIR bands. Secondly, The land cover maps were generated by unsupervised classification methods using the AHS MIR bands. Each class of land cover maps for daytime, such as water, trees, green grass, roads, roofs, was distinguished well. But some classes of land cover maps for nighttime, such as trees versus green grass, roads versus roofs, were not separated. The image classification using the difference images between daytime AHS MIR bands and nighttime AHS MIR bands were conducted to enhance the discrimination ability of land surface for AHS MIR imagery. The classification accuracy of the land cover map for zone 1 and zone 2 was 67.5%, 64.3%, respectively. It was improved by 10% compared to land cover map of daytime AHS MIR bands and night AHS MIR bands. Consequently, new algorithm based on land surface characteristics is required for temperature retrieval of high resolution MIR imagery, and the difference images between daytime and nighttime was considered to enhance the ability of land surface characterization using high resolution MIR data.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.419-423
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• 2003

Bacterial blight caused by Xantomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the most serious diseases of rice especially in southern area of Korea. Three races, $\textrm{K}_1$, $\textrm{K}_2$ and $\textrm{K}_3$, are the most dominant species. lo improve rice breeding efficiency using marker assisted selection, some RFLP markers were surveyed for polymorphism between resistant and susceptible to $\textrm{K}_1$ and $\textrm{K}_3$. And, 127 doubled-haploid (DH) lines derived from Milyang121/HRl1650-1-4-2 and 131 DH lines derived from Milyang123/HR10624-AC5 were evaluated to bacterial blight ($\textrm{K}_1$ and $\textrm{K}_3$). Milyang121 and HR10624-AC5 have Xa-1, resistant to $\textrm{K}_1$ race, and Milyang123 has Xa-3, resistant to $\textrm{K}_1$ and $\textrm{K}_3$ race. Three markers, RZ590, RZ536 and RG303, showing polymorphism between parents and resistance gene, Xa-1 and Xa-3, were analysed in the two combinations of DH lines. The segregation pattern of resistant DH population of Milyang123/HR10624-AC5 to susceptible showed 3:1 and 1:1 in $\textrm{K}_1$ and $\textrm{K}_3$ race. In three RFLP markers, RZ590 was linked to Xa-1 on chromosome 4, and RZ536 and RG303 were linked to Xa-3 on chromosome 11. The map distance between Xa-1 and RZ590 was 3.1cM on chromosome 4, and Xa-3 and RZ536/RG303 were 7.6/16.0cM on chromosome 11, respectively. The results of RFLP mapping will be useful for the selection and pyramiding of bacterial blight resistant genes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.136-155
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the thermal comfort in Yeongnam area using climatic data and GIS data in order to determine regions necessary to improve thermal environment policies. The results of the calculated PET show that Daegu city is high and Bonghwa-gun is low compared to other regions. PET was compared with the typical classification according to regional characteristics. As a result, PET value of rural areas such as Changnyeong-gun, Haman-gun and Goryeong-gun was high but Green space was too low compared to other rural areas. Yeongnam area was classified according to the value of PET using cluster analysis. As a result, more low grade areas show that green space ratio was low and facility area was high. It is determined that there is a relationship between thermal comfort and land cover. The thermal comfort evaluation map in Yeongnam area will be useful for urban planning in order to establish a sustainable city in climate change.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2011

This study was written about the actual vegetation map by researchig current vegetation and on-site vegetation in the Deogyusan National Park. Current vegetation patterns were classified into 42 types according to correlation. And Quercus mongolica forest was 39.08% out of the total forest vegetation, and was dispersed the most widely. Next were Q. variabilis, Pinus densiflora, and Fraxinus mandshurica forests in order, so that the forests of Deogyusan are different from those of another national parks in that F. mandshurica forest is more widely dispersed. Forest vegetation of Deogyusan national park is broadly classified into three types: deciduous broad-leaved forest (Quercus forest and valley forest), coniferous forest(P. densiflora forest), and sub-alpine forest(Taxus cuspidata forest, Abies koreana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii shrub-forest, and prairie). Distribution of DBH of Q. mongolica and Q. variabillis had a higher frequency of young individuals and middle individuals, Q. serrata and Carpinus laxiflora had a higher frequency of young individuals, suggesting a continuous domination of these species over the other species for the time being. In contrast, F. mandshurica appeared limited to the valley of the sheet and a higher frequency of young individuals, suggesting a continuous domination of these species the development of a climax forest terrain. P. densiflora, Betula davurica, Cornus controversa, B. costata, A. koreana and T. cuspidata had a formality distribution, suggesting a continuous domination of these species over the other species for the time being.