• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.523-531
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the ulmus root-bark dressing on tissue regeneration in experimentally-induced pressure ulcers in rats. Method: A randomized pretest/post-test control group time-series study design was used. Thirty-three male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The rats were anesthetized with 100mg/kg of ketamine. Pressure ulcers were induced at 140mmHg for three hours using a personally-designed pressing apparatus. For four weeks, the ulmus root-bark dressing was applied every other day in the experimental group (n=18) and a wet gauze dressing in the control group (n=15). For data analysis, the statistical program SPSS WIN 12 was used. The wounds were examined by light microscopy andelectron microscopy. Result: There were significant statistical differences in the size of the pressure ulcers as time went by(p=0.006). It should be noted that there were no significant statistical differences in the number of capillaries. Using light microscopy the inflammatory infiltration and neovascularization in the dermis in the experimental group emerged densely in the early stages, but recovered rapidly at the latter stages. In addition, the reepithelization of the epidermis occurred earlier than in the control group. By electron microscopy, the cell organelles of the capillary endothelial cells and the basal lamina of capillaries in the experimental group showed a more rapid maturation during the latter stages, compared with the control group. Conclusion: According to this study, it can be concluded that the ulmus root-bark dressing is effective regarding the healing of pressure ulcers.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the effects of ethanolic extract of Ulmus davidiana root (UE) on lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet (HF) for 7 weeks. Forty male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups; normal diet group (N), high-fat diet group (HF), HF with 0.5% UE (HF-L) and 1% UE (HF-H) group. Body weight, body weight gain, and liver weight in the HF group was significantly higher than in the N group, while those of the HF-L and HF-H group were unchanged. UE improved HF-induced dyslipidemia by reducing serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and the atherogenic index. There was no difference in serum HDL-cholesterol among experimental groups. However, the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was significantly increased in the HF-L and HF-H group. Histological analysis showed that HF-fed mice developed hepatocellular microvesicular vacuolation as a result of fat accumulation. These changes were attenuated by 1% UE supplementation. In addition, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the HF-H group significantly reduced. Taken together, these results demonstrated that lipid levels in the blood and liver were reduced by UE, suggesting that it might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.166-172
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• 1982

The changes of hydrogen ton concentration, viscosity and free sugars in the water-soluble mucilage of Ulmus Coreana, Nakai root upon storage at 10^{\circ}C were studied. Hydrogen ion concentration in the mucilage changed $pH7{\rightarrow}pH4{\rightarrow}pH6$ or 7. The viscosity of mucilage decreased very slowly. The mucilage contained glucose and galacturonic acid. The hydrolyzed products of mucilage consisted of rhamnose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, glucose and galacturonic acid.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

Sulgidduk samples made with additions of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% Ulmus cortex powder, and a control, were examined for quality characteristics such as moisture content, color, gelatinization properties, textural characteristics, and consumer acceptance, in order to determine the optimal ratio of Ulmus cortex powder in the formulation. The moisture contents among the samples were not significantly different, ranging from 40.57 to 42.37%, and increased as the Ulmus cortex powder content increased. For the color values, lightness decreased and yellowness and redness increased with increasing Ulmus cortex powder content. With regard to the gelatinization properties, peak viscosity (P), trough viscosity (T), final viscosity (F), breakdown, and consistency increased with increasing amounts of Ulmus cortex powder. Pasting temperature, time to peak viscosity, and setback presented decreasing tendencies with the additions of Ulmus cortex powder. For the textural characteristics, increasing Ulmus cortex powder content presented decreases in hardness, springiness, and chewiness however, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and gumminess were not significantly different among samples. In the consumer acceptance test, the scores of all evaluated characteristics decreased as the ratio of Ulmus cortex powder increased. However, the intensity ratings for the 1 and 2% Ulmus cortex powder samples showed the opposite effect, obtaining fairly good scores. In conclusion, the results indicate that adding $1{\sim}2%$ Ulmus cortex powder to Sulgidduk is optimal, providing good physiological properties and reasonably high consumer acceptability.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2018

민속식물과 그 이용에 관한 전통지식이 산업화, 도시화 및 노인 세대의 퇴장과 더불어 빠르게 사라지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 민속식물 주권확보 기반구축을 위하여 2005년부터 2017년까지 1차(2005~2013), 2차(2014~2017)에 걸쳐 남한 전역 및 함경북도 접경지역을 대상으로 각 지역에서 전통적으로 이용해왔으며 전승되어 온 민속식물 관련 전통지식을 발굴 및 수집하였다. 민속식물 중 약용으로 사용된 것은 121과 383속 583종 3아종 64변종 12품종으로 총 662분류군으로 확인되어 식용 다음으로 큰 비중을 차지하였다. 이는 한반도 전체 관속식물 4,881분류군의 약 13.6%에 해당하며, 총 115,236건의 조사된 전통지식 중 17.9%를 약용이 점유하여 식용(67.2%) 다음이며 용재용(4.9%), 유지용(2.5%), 관상용(1.3%) 등에 비하여 상당히 높게 나타났다. 662분류군 중 자생식물은 511분류군(77.2%)으로 나타났고, 생활형은 다년생 초본이 295분류군(44.6%)으로 낙엽성 목본(186분류군), 1년생 초본(78분류군) 등 타 생활형에 보다 높았다. 약용식물의 이용부위는 뿌리(34.1%)가 가장 많았고 그 다음으로 줄기(16.2%), 잎(15.4%), 열매(12.1%), 전초(12.1%), 수피(3.2%), 종자(2.4%), 꽃(1.9%) 등의 순으로 나타났다. 우리나라에서 이용빈도가 높은 상위 10개 분류군을 살펴보면 익모초, 쇠무릎, 인동덩굴, 느릅나무, 삽주, 엉겅퀴, 쑥, 질경이, 오갈피나무, 할미꽃 등의 순으로 조사되었다. 본 연구에서는 민속식물의 이용에 대한 중요도를 알아보기 위하여 특정식물 종의 이용을 언급한 정보보유자의 수(FC: Frequency of Citations), 이용범주의 수(NC: Number of use-Categories), 특정식물을 이용하는 수(UR: number of User Reports)를 활용하여 문화적 중요도(CI: Cultural Importance), 상대적 인용빈도(RFC: Relative Frequency of Citations), 상대적 중요도(RI: Relative Importance) 및 문화적 가치(CV: Cultural Value)를 산출하여 우리나라에서 중요한 민속식물을 정량적으로 확인, 비교하였고 각 분류군별 지수도 제시하였다.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2016

Best drought tolerance index was determined through statistics analysis and growth appearance of drought tolerant plants was determined by cultivation in pot and sloping land. For determination of best drought tolerant indicators, RD(Resistant dry days), LD(Leaf area), UTR(Unit transpiration), RWC(Relative water content), RWL(Relative water loss), LA(Leaf area), SN(Stoma unmber) and SA(Stoma area) were carried out by correlation and PCA analysis. RWL and UTR were affected on plant drought tolerance according to comparison among six indices for resistant dry days. The PCs axes separated SA, LA, RD and RWC and SN. UTR was negatively correlated with SA, RWL were also negatively correlated with RWC and SN. RWL and UTR were proved best selection indicator for the selection of drought tolerant species. Ulmus parvifolia, Bidens bipinnata, Patrinia villosa, Kummerowia striata, Arundinella hirta, Artemisia gmelini etc. were selected drought tolerant plants. Shoot growth appearance of drought resistant plants was differed pot and sloping land. Shoot growth and leaf number was no significant differences between the pot and sloping land. However, root growth of drought tolerant plants was all the difference between two cultivation. T/R ratio of drought tolerant plants was also found a big difference. T/R ratio of drought tolerant plants in sloping land was lower than that of pot. These results will be served efficiently plant breeding.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.248-257
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• 2003

The objective of this experiment was to search plant species with herbicidal activity in Korea. Two hundred native plants were collected and their methanol extracts were obtained. Herbicidal activity of methanol extracts were determined by seed bioassay using canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings. Six plants such as Staphylea bumalda, Wistaria floribunda, Allium victorialis, Rumex crispus, Chionanthus retusa, and Ulmus parvifolia were highly herbicidal: their $GR_{50}$ values were < $1,000{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. In addition, seventeen plants such as Galium spurium, Zelkova serrata, Campsis grandiflora, Eucommia ulmoides, Sorbus commixta, Deutzia glabrata, Cercis chinensis, Alnus hirsuta, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Quercus acutissima, Robinia pseudoacacia, Gleditsia japonica, Kerria japonica, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Thuja orientalis, Chamaecyparis obtusa, and Pulsatilla koreana showed herbicidal activity: their $GR_{50}$ values were between 1,000 and $2,000{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. However, 177 plants showed no herbicidal activity. Plants with herbicidal activity found in this study could be used for weed management and herbicidal compounds in such herbicidal plants could be used as lead compounds in the development of new herbicides.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.100-104
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• 2005

We investigated mineral difference from mushroom Phellinus linteus and Phellinus baumii on mulberry, oak and elm. ICP test, The major mineral components were K, Ca, and Fe, while Mg, Na, P, Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn were determined as micro mineral components. In case of P.linetus and P.baumii the component of K was shown as 699.0mg/100g and 630mg/100g, in oak, 340.7mg/100g and 314.6mg/100g in elm, and 311.6mg/100g and 311.6mg/100g in mulberry respectively. In Ca, mulberry fruiting body were shown about 2 times highest and expecially in case of Na was oak fruiting body were shown as 10 times highest as against the others sample groups. In micro mineral components, Zn component was shown very diffeence about sample groups. We concluded that the highest mineral component of K was shown in mushroom cultivated on oak of both P.linetus and P.baumii. As a results, mineral component has showed very difference on cultivated to timber. According to the results of mineral component we concluded that Phellinus linteus and Phellinus baumii has mineral component different depending on timber.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.227-242
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• 2000

Site characteristics, vegetation structure and dynamics of Kalopanax septemlobus forests in Mt. Heungjeong, Mt. Balwang and Mt. Gariwang were studied to provide the information need for national resources conservation and restoration of K. septemlobus forest in Gangwon-do of Korea. The K. septemlobus forests were distributed at 780m to 1,300m in altitude, steep slope, ridges-slope areas with facing northeast to northwest in good nutrition area. The annual diameter growth of those trees ranged 1.60mm to 2.41mm. Forty-three plots(20$\times$20m) were set up at three natural population of Kalopanax septemlobus forest and TWINSPAN method was used for vegetation structure analysis. The result of TWINSPAN ordination show that geographical features played a role in determining community types in the study areas. Community type of the study areas classified into three groups by TWINSPAN; K. septemlobus-Quercux mongolica- Acer mono community(Mt. Balwang), K. septemlobus-Q. mongolica- Tilia amurensis community(Mt. Heungjeong), K. septemlobus-Betula costata-Q. mongolica community(Mt. Gariwang). In most of the K. septemlobus forests, major woody species appeared predominantly were Q. mongolica, T. amurensis, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Lindera obtusiloba, A. mono, Magnolia sieboldii, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. And also, Those species were surveyed in all the areas. Species diversity(H') of investigated areas ranged 0.3124~0.13992 and this value relatively higher than that of other forests with similar site. The range of similarity indices between surveyed areas was 64.1~64.54%. The distribution pattern of Morista's index show that Kalopanax septemlobus distributed randomly in tree and concentrated a few sample plots in subtree layer and shurb layer. K. septemlobus occupied 37.1~58.8% of tree layer story, 8.4~17.6% of subtree layer, 0~0.38% of shurb layer each surveyed area. The association analysis showed that Kalopanax septemlobus positively associated with Betula ermani, Deutzia glabrata, Carpinus cordata, Fraxinus mandshurica and negatively associated with Symplocos chinensis var. pilosa, Styrax obassia, Acer mono, Euonymus macroptera, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. According to the diameter distribution of Kalopanax septemlobus community, the community of Mt. Gariwang will gradually decline and replaced by Quercus community. The communities of Mt. Heungjeong and Mt. Balwang has its seedlings and saplings, so it may be sustained.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.255-260
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• 2016

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been played a critical role in damage of DNA. Recently, many effort is focusing to develop the natural antioxidants for controlling ROS. Zelkova serrata, Ulmaceae, is close as plants which are planted in front of Korea villages. Although Zelkova serrata is familiar with Koreans, those of antioxidant activities and protective effects on oxidative DNA damage haven't studied. We demonstrated antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects on oxidative DNA damage of Leaf from Zelkova serrata with ethyl acetate fractions (EA) and hot water extracts (HW). Between the extracts, EA showed higher activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical scavenging, $Fe^{2+}$ chelating and reducing power than HW. Also, those of total phenolic content are 56.63 and 51.61 mg/g respectively. In addition, ${\phi}X$-174 RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay for inhibitory effect by oxidative DNA damage was both EA and HW has significant protective effect on oxidative DNA damage. The results suggested that leaf from Zelkova serrata with ethyl acetate fractions and hot water extracts have surpassing potential as natural resources with antioxidant and inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage.