• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1468-1477
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• 2009

The comparative effects of the fibrinolytic, and tyrosinase inhibition activities and electrophoretical protein patterns with freeze-drying silkworm powder (FDSW), heating-drying silkworm powder (HDSW) and fermented silkworm powder by Bacillus subtilis or Lactobacillus hilgardii were investigated. When total protein patterns of FDSW, HDSW, both fermented SW, were analyzed by native- and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), there were slightly varietal differences in electrophoretical protein patterns. Major minerals of FDSW and HDSW were K, Ca, Mg, and Zn. Major compositional amino acids of FDSW and HDSW were glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and serine. Major fatty acids of FDSW and HDSW were linolenic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid. Fibriolytic activity was the highest in the fermented FDSW by 5% B. subtilis among the various samples. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was higher in the water and 70% methanolic extract of FDSW than in HDSW. DPPH radical scavenging activity was slightly stronger in HDSW than in FDSW. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in FDSW or HDSW fermented by L. hilgardii than that fermented by B. subtilis, however, all samples exhibited a relatively low activity compared to the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). These results may provide the basic data to understand the biological activities of fermented SW.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.154-165
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• 2022

Humans have been breeding the mulberry silkworm for the long period of time to obtain silk fabric and nutrient-rich pupae. Currently, silkworm larvae, pupae, and silk-Fibroin hydrolysates are registered as food raw materials, while silkworm feces and Bombyx batryticatus are registered as Korean traditional medicines. Among sericulture products, individually recognized health functional food ingredients include silk-protein acid-hydrolysates for immunity enhancement, Fibroin-hydrolysates for memory improvement, and freeze-dried 5^th instar and 3^rd-day-silkworm powder for lowering-blood sugar. Recently, HongJam produced by steaming and freeze-drying mature silkworms were reported to have various health-promoting effects such as preventing the onset of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, enhancing gastro-intestinal functions, improving skin-whitening and hair growth, and extending healthspan. By consuming silkworm products with various health-promoting effects, it is possible to increase the healthspan of human beings, thereby reducing personal and national medical expenses, resulting in increasing the individual's happiness.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.221-225
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• 2008

The objective of the study was to examine the distinct qualities of Dasik containing added silkworm powder. In order to discern the differences in characteristics among samples the silkworm powder was added as at ratios of (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%), respectively. Measurements for moisture, chromaticity and mechanical and physical properties were performed, in addition to sensory evaluations. The results were as follows. The moisture contents of the Dasik samples changed as the added silkworm powder content increased. A lower L-value resulted as the amount of silkworm powder increased (p<0.05), the a and b values also showed decreasing tendencies. In the texture analysis, hardness increased as the amount of added silkworm powder increased from 0% to 40% (p<0.05). Adhesiveness was highest in the 40% silkworm powder group, and the 30% and 20% groups had the highest springiness values respectively (p<0.05). In terms of sensory quality overall surface color, texture and taste were perceived as superior for the 30% and 20% add silkworm powder groups gumminess was lowest for the 0% group (p<0.05), and overall quality was lowest for the 40% added silkworm powder group. Consequently, there was greater preference for the samples containing less than 40% added silkworm powder, and the 30% treatment had the best overall quality.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2015

Melittin is the main component of Bee Venom and has antibacterial activity against several bacteria. To produce the melittin antimicrobial peptide, we constructed transgenic silkworm that expressed melittin gene under the control BmA3 promoter using piggyBac vector. The use of the 3xP3-driven EGFP cDNA as a marker allowed us to rapidly distinguish transgenic silkworm. Mixtures of the donor vector and helper vector were micro-injected into 300 eggs of bivoltin silkworms, Baegokjam. In total, 131 larvae (G0) were hatched and allowed to develop into moths. The resulting G1 generation consisted of 36 broods, and we selected 4 broods containing at least 1 EGFP-positive embryo. The rate of successful transgenesis for the G1 broods was 11%. We identified 12 EGFP-positive G1 moths and these were backcrossed with wild-type moths. With the aim of identifying a melittin as antimicrobial peptide, we investigated the Radical diffusion Assay (RDA) and then demonstrated that melittin possesses high antibacterial activities against gramnegative bacteria.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 1977

This study carried out to know whether corn shank can be used as the crude fiber source for the larval growth or not, The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. It seems that there are no bad effects of the artificial diet containing corn shank on feeding of the newly hatched larva. 2. Author did not find any bad effects of the artificial diet containing corn shank on larval growth and cocoon qualifies. 3. In view of these results, it seems that the corn shank is suitable for use as the crude fiber source for the silkworm artificial diet.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.38-47
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• 1986

Silkworm(Bombix mori) were reared with modified artificial diets which were mixed with, as additives, leaf powders of Erigeron canadensis L., Cassia tora L., Cyperus anuricus Var.Laxus and Vigna Sinensis NEDL. The effects of additives on silkworm characteristisc of tested plants were summarized as follows ; 1. About 2-5% addition on dry weight base of leaf powders of E. canadensis, C. tora, C. anuricus or V.sinensis to the basic artificial diet promoted feeding response and digestion and resulted in good practical silkworm characteristics. The addition of V.sinensis and C.anuricus showed especially good effects. 2. The syneristic effect between different plant species was not recognized based on the feeding response and digestion of silkworm reared with various combinations of 2-4 different plant additives. 3. Electrophoretic zymograms of estrase, protease and phosphatase on haemolymph, intestine and silkgland were significantly different among treatments. In general, 1 or 2 more electrophoretic bands were detected when feeding response and digestion were promoted. 4. Contents of starch, crude fat, crude protein and inorganic base were apparently higher in the tested plants than in mulberry leaves. However, no volatile ingredent which is directly realted with feeding response was identified.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2003

Entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated through the investigation in soils collected from cultivated and non-cultivated fields using silkworms (Bombyx mori) and Galleria mellonella trap. The detectable rate of entomopathogenic nematodes of silkworms trap was higher than the G. mellonella trap. This study indicates the detection of entomopathogenic nematodes from soils that silkworms are sensitive superior to the G. mellonella to entomopathogenic nematodes. The steinernema, rhabditidae, and diplogatroidae strains successfully cultured on the silkworms host as well as on artificial media. Reproductivity in the living silkworm larva and pupa was 1.5 to 3.5${\times}$ 10$\^$5/ nematodes per host However, G. mellonella could be multiplied less than 5${\times}$l0$\^$5/ nematodes. The dried pupa of the silkworm following mositurize was cultured 0.5 to 2${\times}$10$\^$5/) nematodes per host. The culture methods of the steinernema, rhabditidae, and diplogatroidae strains, using silkworm powder, extracted chicken intestine, and food waste fertilizer could be applicative, but rate of reproduction was low.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.181-185
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• 1995

To enhance expression of foreign gene by the novel expression vector, pBmKSK1, of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus, E. coli $\beta$-galactosidase gene expressing recombinant virus was infected in BmN-4 cells and various concentrations of silkworm hemolymph were added to the recombinant virus-infected BmN-4 cells containing fetal bovine serum. The expression efficiency of foreign gene was determined by $\beta$-galactosidase activity in the culture media. The results showed that the silkworm hemolymph was effective to expression of foreign gene in the BmN-4 cells, suggesting that the silkworm hemolymph could be substituted for fetal bovine serum in the BmN-4 cells to enhance expression of foreign gene.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate infection process, symptoms and main component of the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori. larvae and pupa infected with the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps, Paecillomyces tenuipes. The Cordyceps, Paecillomyces tenuipes, was highly infectious to the silkworms. A pathogenicities of Cordyceps, Paecillomyces tenuipes, may be highly virulent because of the low resistance or high susceptibility of the silkworms. The silkworm larva infected with Cordyceps formed phialospores on the phialides at the imperfect stage of the genus Cordyceps, But silkworm pupa infected with Cordyceps formed ascospores in the asci at the perfection stage of the genus Cordyceps. The results of analysis of health silkworm pupa and silkworm pupa infected with Cordyceps were obtained that amino acid, fatty acid, and nucleoside were very different.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1139-1150
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the silkworm powder on blood levels of glucose, Hb Alc, insulin, and lipids. Thirty-one NIDDM patients from Kyung Hee Medical Center were divided into two groups : patients with silkworm powder supplements and drug treatments(Drug diabetes) and patients with silkworm powder supplement only(Non-drug diabetes). For the control group, age-matched subjects were recruited. During the 4 weeks of the experimental period, silkworm powder(500mg/mea1) was given to the subjects right after each meal. Nutritional assessments and dietary education were carried out periodically, and body weight and blood pressure were measured when patients visited the hospital. Overnight fasting and 2-h postprandial blood glucose levels were measured at 2 week intervals. The blood levels of insulin, Hb Alc, and lipids were measured before and after the supplements. The mean ages of the three groups were 56.7-59.6 years old. The height, weight, and BMI did not differ among the groups. The fasting blood glucose levels were 138.1$\pm$22.0mg/dl for the Drug treated diabetes group, 175.0$\pm$32.0mg/dl for the Non-drug diabetes group, and 108. 3$\pm$16.gmg/dl for the control group at the begining of the supplement. After 4-wks of supplements, the blood levels of glucose tended to decrease in all three experimental groups. Before the supplements, the 2-h postprandial blood glucose levels of the Drug diabetes, Non drug diabetes, and control groups were 244.7$\pm$62.6mg/dl, 272.4$\pm$40.1mg/dl, and 147.7$\pm$28.0mg/dl, respectively. After the supplement, the levels were 197.2$\pm$30.gmg/dl, 208.6$\pm$ 56.6mg/dl, and 151.3$\pm$30.3mg/dl, respectively. This shows that silkworm powder tended to lower blood levels by 19.4% and 23.4% in NIDDM patient groups. However, the changes in the blood levels of insulin, Hb Alc, ind lipids were not observed after the supplement. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that silkworm powder has a tendency to decrease 2-h postprandial blood glucose levels, but it should be used with caution in controlling the diabetes. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) 1139-1150, 1998)