• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 1975

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.137-144
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• 1996

It is important to investigate the growth aspects of craniofacial skeleton in the orthodontics. The purpose of this study is to find the factors, which have a great influence on the growth aspects of craniofacial skeleton, and to evalute the control values of each factor in order to construct orthodontics diagnostic and planning.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.4 s.75
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• pp.435-443
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to investigate the growth change of genial angle and interrelationship between the growth change of gonial angle and IMPA in the longitudinal data from 7 years to 15 years. By analyzing the serial lateral cephalograms or 15 males and 19 females of 7 years old to 15 yens old who had no abnomality in growth and development and no history of orthodontic treatment, the following conclusion were obtained. 1. Genial angle gradually decreased with aging in 25 children and in 9 children increased or maintained. 2. There was a tendency that children who decreased genial angle with aging showed gradual increase of IMPA and children who increased or maintained gonial angle with aging showed decrease of IMPA. 3. There was a tendency that regardless of the change of gonial angle, interincisal angle decreased with aging.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.373-387
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth pattern of nasopharyx and adenoid and to obtain useful measurements for evaluating the fuction of the nasal breathing. The biennial serial cephalometric radiographs of 33 samples(19 male, 14 female) with normal occlusion from 8.5 years to 18.5 years of age were used in this study. The distances, areas and ratios on nasopharynx and adenoid were measured and analyzed in each age and sex. The results of this study might be summarized as follows ; 1. The mean value and standard deviation of each measurement was obtained in each age and sex. 2. The nasopharyngeal height and the nasopharyngeal depth increased significantly by 14.5 years of age in male and 12.5 years of age in female(p<0,05), 3. The relative nasal airway area showed the minimal value at 8.5 years of age and showed significant increase from 10.5 years to 12.5 years of age in male and from 12.5 years to 14,5 years of age in female(p<0.05). 4. In the correlation analysis between the measurements on the nasal airway and the measurement of relative nasal airway area, the measurements of Ad2-PNS, Ad2-PNS/Ho'-PNS and Upper pharynx appeared singnificant correlation with the measurement of relative nasal airway area(p<0.01).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.1 s.78
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• pp.19-31
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• 2000

Developmental changes of dental arch width and length from 6.6 to 13.6 yews of age have been studied in twenty boys and thirteen girls in Korean school children. A series of 8 dental casts obtained from each child was measured in the intercanine width, intermolar width and arch length. Afterwards, mean value and each standard deviation of each age group and each gender were obtained, and corresponding graphs were drawn. The finding of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. Maxillary intercanine widths increased until age of 13.5 in males and age of 12.5 in females. On the other hand, mandibular intercanine widths increased until age of 11.5 in males and age of 9.6 in females and after there were no changes. 2. Maxillary intermolar widths increased until age of 13.5, but annual increments reduce from age of 12.5 in both sex. Mandibular intermolar widths increased until age of 13.5 in males and age of 12.5 in females. Annual increments of maxillary intermolar width greater than those of mandibular intercanine width in both sex. 3. Maxillary dental arch lengths increased until age of 10.6 in both sex, and after decreased until age of 13.6. Mandibular dental arch lengths increased until age of 10.5 in males and age of 9.6 in females, and after decreased until a9e of 13.6. 4. Developmental changes of dental arch width and length showed individual variation.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.26 no.5 s.228
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• pp.423-439
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• 1988

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.181-196
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to describe growth changes of soft tissue profile in koreans with normal occlusion and to get differences between male and female. The biennial serial cephalometric radiographs of 26 samples (15 males, 11 females) with normal occlusion from 8.5 years to 18.5 years of age were used in this study. The following results were obtained : 1. Both sexes had lower facial parts more protruded at 18.5 years of age than 8.5 years of age : in total facial convexity angle, male showed a decrease(P<0.01) and female showed no significant difference(P>0.05). 2. In the growth changes of soft tissue thickness, male outgrew female in the areas of nose and upper and lower lips, and female outgrew male in the pogonion area 3. In the growth changes of upper facial height and upper part of lower facial height, male's was higher than female's growth (P<0.05). 4. The ratio of the upper facial height over the lower facial height showed a decrease at 18.5 years of age than 8.5 years of age(P<0.01). The ratio of upper vs lower part of lower facial height and that of upper lip height vs lower lip height showed no significant difference(P>0.05). 5. Male showed a sustained change into older age compared with female in soft tissue profiles.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.23 no.6 s.193
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• pp.527-538
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• 1985

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the chronologic changes of the soft tissue profile in 6 to 11 years children. The author analyzed 174 cephalometric roentgenograms of 13 boys and 16 girls taken from the ages of 6 to 11 to assess the growth changes of the soft tissue profile. The results were obtained as follow: 1. Means, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of children were obtained. 2. Items which showed difference between males and females in longitudinal study were prn. Sn. A', and Ls that were greater than females variation. 3. With age, thickness of the soft tissue were increased except Ls. 4. Nasolabial angle and facial convexity had no significant change with age and sex.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1983

Serial cephalometric roentgenorgams of 40 Korean children (25 males, 15 females) were employed to study the growth changes of the cranial bases. As a result of this study, the following conclusions can be made: 1. The mean size of the cranial bases in males was larger than the females, especially at the age of 13. 2. In both sexes, growth of the cranial bases was seen from 6 to 13 years of age and the growth of the posterior cranial base (S-Ba) was larger than the anterior cranial base (S-N). 3, Variation in the changes of the saddle angle (Ba-S-N) was exhibited with males showing a marked tendency toward a decrease in saddle angle size.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of bony and soft tissue by the growth Each 50 boys and girls was studied aged 7 through 9 years old. The results were as follows; 1. Thickness of soft tissue was increased by the growth and much more done in boys than in girls. 2. In the linear measurement of soft tissue change of A-A' was most remarkable. 3. Nose length was increased in both boys and girls. Remarkable change was observed in male aged 8 through 9 years old and in female aged 7 through 8 years old. 4. In the linear measurement of bony tissue change, S-Pg, Go-Me, S-A, and S-N were increased in sequence. 5. Point-A and Pg in bony tissue grow more downward direction than forward. 6. In the angular measurement, no significant change was observed.