• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2020

Objectives: Subjective-objective discrepancy of sleep (SODS) is a common symptom and one of the major phenotypes of insomnia. A distorted perception of sleep deficit might be related to abnormal brain reactivity to insomnia-related stimuli. We aimed to investigate differences in brain activation to insomnia-related stimuli vs. general anxiety-inducing stimuli among insomnia patients with SODS, insomnia patients without SODS, and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: All participants were evaluated for subjective sleep status using a sleep diary and questionnaires; occult sleep disorders and objective sleep status were assessed using polysomnography and actigraphy. Task functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed during insomnia-related stimuli (Ins) and general anxiety-inducing stimuli (Gen). Brain reactivity to Ins versus Gen was compared among insomnia with SODS, insomnia without SODS, and HC groups, and a combined insomnia disorder group (ID, insomnia with and without SODS) was also compared with HCs. Results: In the insomnia with SODS group compared to the insomnia without SODS group, the right precuneus and right supplementary motor areas showed significantly increased BOLD signals in response to Ins versus Gen. In the ID group compared to the HC group, the left anterior cingulate cortex showed significantly increased BOLD signals in response to Ins versus Gen. Conclusion: The insomnia with SODS and ID groups showed higher brain activity in response to Ins versus Gen, while this was not observed in the insomnia without SODS and HC groups, respectively. These results suggest that insomnia patients with sleep misperception are more sensitive to sleep-related threats than general anxiety-inducing threats.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.379-392
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• 2019

The current study investigated the effect of Gabjubaekmok (Diospyros kaki) ethanolic extract (GEE) on $H_2O_2$-induced human neuroblastoma MC-IXC cells and amyloid beta $(A{\beta})_{1-42}$-induced ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice. GEE showed significant antioxidant activity that was evaluated based on ABTS, DPPH scavenging activity, and inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase activity. Further, GEE inhibited ROS production and increased cell viability in $H_2O_2$-induced MC-IXC cells. Administration of GEE ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction on $A{\beta}$-induced ICR mice as evaluated using Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. Results of ex vivo test using brain tissues showed that, GEE protected the cholinergic system and mitochondrial functions by increasing the levels of antioxidants such as ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) against $A{\beta}$-induced cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, GEE decreasd the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, p-JNK, p-tau, BAX and caspase 3. While, expression levels of p-Akt and $p-GSK3{\beta}$ increased than $A{\beta}$ group. Finally, gallic acid was identified as the main compound of GEE using high performance liquid chromatography.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.431-438
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the effects of green tea or antioxidant vitamins on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme system in various regions of rat brain aged 9 and 12 months. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were raised on the experimental diets; 3% green tea powder diet, antioxidant vitamins diet containing the $\beta$-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E in the level same as in the 3% green tea powder diet, and control diet far 3 weeks. We measured concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxide (GSH-Px) in various brain regions such as cortex, cerebellum, striatum, and hippocampus. Green tea powder or antioxidant vitamin supplementation decreased MDA concentrations in the striatum and the hippocampus, and increased SOB activities in the striatum, and GSH-Px activities in the cortex. There was no significant difference in the observed antioxidative effects between the green tea powder and antioxidant vitamin supplementation. A significant difference between 9 month- and 12 month-old rats was found in MDA concentrations and GSH-Px activities in all brain regions. These results suggest that green tea powder can have protective effects on various regions of rat brain and that these effects on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes are different by age. In inhibiting lipid peroxidation, there was no difference between green tea powder and antioxidant vitamins.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2016

This study examined the influence of a Mindfulness Based Compassion Meditation Program on the brain activation and stress of elderly women who experienced loss of spouse using 2 channel EEG (Electroencephalography). The total number of subjects was 60, consisting of elderly women aged from 65~75years of in Y county; 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group who were checked by EEG before and after the study. The study was conducted from August to November, 2015. The Mindfulness Based Compassion Meditation Program was designed for the convergence of body and mind integration with compassion meditation for the purpose of developing love, sympathy, and compassion. The treatment was conducted once a week, for 60 minutes at a time, over a period of 16 weeks. The results in the experimental group showed an increase in the Activity Quotient (ATQ) Rt(82.51/85.83, p<.013) and AntiStress Quotient (ASQ) Lt (74.711/71.17, p<.050). The Activity Quotient shows the mental function and behavior tendency in the brain, while the AntiStress Quotient shows the state of physical and mental relaxation. The Mindfulness Based Compassion Meditation Program was shown to influence the brain activation and stress of the elderly women using the practical application of neuroscience.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.271-271
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• 1994

NADPH-dependent succinic semialdehyde reductase를 소의 뇌조직으로부터 여러가지 크로마토그래픽 방법을 이용하여 순수 분리 정제하였다. 효소는 분자량 34kDa을 가진 monomeric 단백질이며 substrate specificity. 분자량, 최적 pH, 아미노산 조성 등을 다른 sources의 효소들과 비교하였다. 이 비교 결과들로부터 본 연구에서 정제한 효소는 다른 sources와 다른 효소로 밝혀졌다. 반응의 산물이나 유사 기질 등을 저해제로 사용하였을때의 반응기작은 intermediate ternary complex를 형성하고 NADPH가 먼저 효소에 binding하는 ordered Sequencial mechanism을 보인다는 사실을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2001

목적： 침에 의한 진통 기전은 동양에서 경험이나 임상적으로 그 효능이 입증되어 왔으나 서양에서 요구하는 과학적인 접근 방법에 의한 증거가 매우 희박하며, 과학적인 접근이 매우 어려웠다. fMRI를 이용하여 뇌의 기능 영상을 관측함으로 그 증거를 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법： 집게손가락에 특정시간동안 온도에 의한 자극을 주면서 기능적 뇌 영상을 받고 침 자극 전후의 활성 영역을 비교함으로써 침이 통증의 진통 기전에 효과가 있음을 보여 준다. 신뢰성 있는 데이터를 위해 여러 명의 영상을 평균하여 잡음을 제거하였다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.692-698
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• 2003

This study was designed to investigate the effects of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc) needle on membrane fluidity (MF), basal and induced oxygen radical (BOR and IOR), lipid peroxide (LPO) and oxidized protein (OP) as a oxidative stress, and lipofuscin (LF) in brain membranes of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Male SD rats were fed basic diets (control) and experimental diets (EtOAc-25, EtOAc-50 and EtOAc-100) for 45 days. MF was significantly increased (about 10%) in mitochondria of EtOAc-100 group. BOR and IOR formations in mitochondria were significantly inhibited (about 9∼10% and 17∼24%, respectively) in EtOAc-50 and EtOAc-100 groups, while BOR and IOR formations in microsomes were significantly inhibited (about 12∼17% and 12∼16%, respectively) in EtOAc-50 and EtOAc-100 groups compared with control group. LPO levels in mitochondria and microsomes were significantly inhibited (about 9∼l2% and 12∼19%, respectively) in EtOAc-50 and EtOAc-100 groups, whereas significant difference between OP or LF levels and control group in these membranes could not be obtained. These results suggest that administrations of ethyl acetate fraction of pine needle may play an effective role in an attenuating an oxidative stress and in increasing membrane fluidity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1997

흰쥐 간정맥 및 간문맥에 PE10 튜브를 마취하에 이식시킨 후 5일째부터 고형사료와 10% creatine을 함유한 고형사료를 5일 동안 섭식 시켜 급속 냉동 시켰다. 냉동시킨 흰쥐 간장, 뇌 및 근육에서 creatine을 포함한 간장 metabolites을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 또한 간장세포내의 water compartment의 변화를 동시에 실시 하였다. Creatine을 섭식시킨 실험군은 정상 대조군과 비교하여 섭식에 의한 간세포내의 water compartment 에 벼노하를 주지 않았고 간장 세포내의 creatine농도에 있어서는 약 43배 이상 세포내 증가를 유도하였으며, 이는 세포외 및 세포내의 creatine의 gradient에 의해 영향을 받고 있음을 알 수가 있었고, 또한 동시에 뇌, 근육 등에서는 섭식에 의해 유의성 있는 농도 변화는 보이지 않았다. 이는 세포 외액속에 함유된 creatine 이 여러 수송기전에 의하여 간세포내로 흡착이 이루어진 것을 알 수 있었으나, 간세포 분리 시험법에로 Creatine Kinase 효소 활성도를 측정한 결과 non-parenchymal hepatocytes에서만 거의 100% 효소 활성도가 있음을 증명 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 2018

This study was conducted to compare nutritional analysis and neuroprotective effect of 5 cultivars of Diospyros kaki (Dungsi, Godongsi, Gojongsi, Gabjubaekmok, and Bansi). In nutritional analysis, three free sugars: sucrose, glucose, and fructose, and six fatty acids: tartaric acid, hexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, octadecenamide, and octadecane, were detected. Potassium and phosphorus levels were the highest in inorganic component analysis, and glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the highest contents in amino acid analysis. Vitamin C was detected in all cultivars. Total phenolic content was the highest in Dungsi. Antioxidant activities such as ABTS (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activities, FRAP (ferric reducing/antioxidant power), and MDA (malondialdehyde) inhibitory effect were the highest in Gabjubaekmok. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were measured to confirm the neuroprotective effect in MC-IXC cells. Gabjubaekmok showed significant acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and neuroprotection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.531-536
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• 2000

뽕나무 (Morus alba) 및 꾸지뽕나무(Cudrania tricuspidata) 잎으로부터 추출한 수용성 물질을 0.5% 콜레스테롤 투여 식이에 1%(w/w) 수준으로 첨가하여 각 조직에서의 지질 과산화물 생성정도를 나타내는 TBARS 측정법으로 항산화 활성을 검토하였다. 흰쥐의 체중 및 식이 섭취량은 실험군 간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 간장 및 뇌 조직 중량은 뽕잎 추출물군에서 증가하였다. 신장의 지질 과산화물 함량은 대조군에 비해서 뽕잎 추출물군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 뇌 및 심장의 지질 과산화에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 뇌 및 심장의 지질 과산화물 함량은 대조군에 비교해서 꾸지뽕잎 추출물군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 간장 및 비장의 경우에는 각 실험군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 각 조직의 microsomes 분획으 지질 과산화물은 심장과 비장에서 뽕잎 및 꾸지뽕잎 추출물군에서 감소하였으나, 다른 조직에서는 현저한 차이가 없었다. 한편, 각 조직의 microsomes 분획을 얻어서 Fe2+/ascorbate로 지질 과산화물을 유도하기 위하여 37$^{\circ}C$에서 한시간 반응을 시킨 결과, 뽕잎 및 꾸지뽕잎 추출물군에서 약 절반 정도 감소하였으며, 상대적 증가량은 뇌조직 microsomes에서 현저하였다. 본 실험의 결과 신장조직 및 간장 microsome막 지질 과산화물 함량은 뽕잎 및 꾸지뽕잎 수용성 추출물에 의해 감소되었으며, 뇌 및 심장조직의 지질 과산화물 함량은 꾸지뽕잎 수용성 추출물에 의해 증가됨으로써 봉잎 추출물간의 차이를 나타내었다.