• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.7A
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• pp.1006-1016
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• 2000

This study is to segment white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) on a brain MR image and to calculate the volume of each. First, after removing the background on a brain MR image, we segmented the whole region of a brain from a skull and a fat layer. Then, we calculated the partial volume of each component, which was present in scanning finite thickness, with the arithmetical analysis of gray value from the internal region of a brain showing the blurring effects on the basis of the MR image forming principle. Calculated partial volumes of white matter, gray matter and CSF were used to determine the threshold for the segmentation of each component on a brain MR image showing the blurring effects. Finally, the volumes of segmented white matter, gray matter, and CSF were calculated. The result of this study can be used as the objective diagnostic method to determine the degree of brain atrophy of patients who have neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and cerebral palsy.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.357-361
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• 2014

Purpose : In a previous report, it took several days for white matter lesions to regress in hypoglycemic encephalopathy. We present a case of rapid diffusion-weighted image (DWI) changes in hypoglycemic encephalopathy. Case Report: A 58-year-old male patient was found semi-comatous with the only abnormality in his laboratory tests showing hypoglycemia (44 mg/dL). After rapid correction of glucose level, immediate brain DWI showed bilateral subcortical white matter lesions. After about 5 hours, follow-up DWI showed resolved subcortical white matter lesions, with newly-appeared bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal cortical lesions. Conclusion: Both white matter and cortex involvement in hypoglycemic encephalopathy has been shown in several reports, but rapid regression of white matter changes in hypoglycemic encephalopathy has been rarely reported. It is important to know that MR imaging changes in hypoglycemic encephalopathy can be made as quick as just a few-hour-long.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.21-27
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• 2006

This paper is for the segmentation and volume calculation of the white matter and gray matter from brain MRI. We segment white matter, gray matter and CSF from the Brain image in the normal and abnormal person, and calculate the volume of segmented tissue. In this paper, we present a new method of extracting white matter, gray matter and CSF and calculation its volume from MR images for brain. And we have developed the determining method of threshold that can extract white matter and gray matter from MR image for brain through the analysis of gray values represented by ratio of each component. We proposed the calculation method of volume for white matter and gray matter by using number of extracted pixels in each slice. This algorithm input CSF/Head volume ratio and age of patient and calculates discriminant value through discriminant expression, classifies normal and abnormal using calculated discriminant value. As a result, we could blow that white matter and gray matter volume decrease and CSF volume increase as we grow gold.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.575-583
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• 2022

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has revealed the disruption of brain white matter microstructure in normal aging and alcoholism undetectable with conventional structural MR imaging. we plan to analyze the FA measurements of the ROI of dangerous drinkers selected from Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Tract-Based Spatial Statics (TBSS) tool was used to extract FA values in the ROI from the image acquired through the pre-processing process. TBSS has a higher sensitivity of the FA value and MD value in the white matter than the brain gray matter, and has the advantage of quantitatively deriving the unlimited degree of brain nerve fibers, and more specialized in the brain white matter. We plan to analyze the fractional anisotropy (FA) measurement value for damage by selecting the center of the anatomical structure of the white matter region of the brain with high anisotropy among the brain neural networks that are particularly vulnerable to alcohol as the region of interest (ROI). In this study, we expected that alcohol causes damage to the brain white matter microstructure from FA value in various areas including both Choroid plexus. Especially, In the case of the moderate drunker, the mean value of FA in Lt, Rt. Choroid plexus was 0.2831 and 0.2872, whereas, in the case of the severe drunker, the mean value of FA was 0.1972 and 0.1936. We found that the higher the score on the AUDIT scale, the lower the FA value in ROI region of the brain white matter. Using the AUDIT scale, the guideline for the FA value of DTI can be presented, and it is possible to select a significant number of potentially severe drinkers. In other words, AUDIT was proved as useful tool in screening and discrimination of severe drunker through DTI.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.405-408
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• 2003

영상의 구성물질에 따른 정확한 분할은 질병의 유무를 판단하는데 매우 중요하다. 그러나 영상에서 구성물질들을 정확하게 분할하기란 쉬운 문제가 아니다. 그리고 많은 연구들이 뇌의 실질적인 량을 고려하지 못한 상태서 분할이 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 뇌의 실질적인 량과 비교할 때 가장 근접한 방법 의 개발이 필요하다고 볼 수 있다. 본 논문은 fat을 소거한 T2 영상과 T1 영상을 이용하여 조직에 따르는 명암 분포가 각각 다르게 분포되어 있는 것을 이용하여 평활화한 후 두 영상의 차로 백질, 회백질, 뇌척수액을 분리하는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법을 이용하여 정상이의 뇌 MR 영상 이용하여 (19 Slice) 백질, 회백질, 뇌척수액을 분리하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2010

Purpose : To generate a Korean specific brain template, especially in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by optimizing the voxel-based analysis. Materials and Methods : Three-dimensional T1-weighted images were obtained from 123 subjects who were 43 cognitively normal subjects and patients with 44 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 36 AD. The template and the corresponding aprior maps were created by using the matched pairs approach with considering differences of age, gender and differential diagnosis (DDX). We measured several characteristics in both our and the MNI templates, including in the ventricle size. Also, the fractions of gray matter and white matter voxels normalized by the total intracranial were evaluated. Results : The high resolution template and the corresponding aprior maps of gray matter, white matter (WM) and CSF were created with the voxel-size of $1{\times}1{\times}1\;mm$. Mean distance measures and the ventricle sizes differed between two templates. Our brain template had less gray matter and white matter areas than the MNI template. There were volume differences more in gray matter than in white matter. Conclusion : Gray matter and/or white matter integrity studies in populations of Korean elderly and patients with AD are needed to investigate with this template.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2010

Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors, clinical characteristics and prognosis for the development of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in preterm infants according to the extent and site of the PVL. Methods : The medical records of infants (under 36 weeks of gestational age) delivered from January 1999 to December 2008 were reviewed. Twenty-five preterm infants with were PVL were diagnosed by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and an addition 50preterm infants with no brain lesions were enrolled in this study. The perinatal and neonatal risk factors for the development of PVL was determine in these infants. Mental and Psychomotor Developmental Indices (MDI, PDI) were assessed by a clinical psychologist using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. We compared the differences of the clinical characteristics and prognosis according to brain MRI findings. Results : Maternal fever, young maternal age, extended oxygen use, hypotension within the first week of birth, use of inotropics within the first week of birth, and respiratory distress syndrome were the risk factors associated with PVL (P <0.05). In the multivariate analysis, maternal fever and extended oxygen use were statistically significant independent risk factors (P <0.05). The mean MDI and PDI scores of the PVL group (74.4$\pm$ 27.8 and 58.0$\pm$17.7) were significantly lower than those of the control group (103.5$\pm$8.9 and 101.7$\pm$16.1, P <0.05). Conclusion : Maternal fever and extended oxygen use were independent risk factors for PVL. We should pay attention to infants who had the risk factors and follow them up closely by brain imaging study and Bayley Scales of Infant Development II.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.199-207
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• 2003

This review describes the neurophathological mechanisms that are implicated in perinatal brain injury. Perinatal brain injury is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality to infants, often leading to spastic motor deficits, mental retardation, seizures, and learning impairments. The immature brain injury is usually caused by cerebral hypoxia-ischemia, hemorrhage, or infection. The important form of perinatal brain injury is the hypoxic-ischemic injury and the cerebral hemorrhage. The pathology of hypoxic-ischemic injury include delayed energy failure by mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal excitotoxicity and vulnerability of white matter in developing brain. The immature brain has the fragile vascular bed of germinal matrix and can not effectively centralize their circulation. Therefore, the cerebral hemorrhage process is considered to be involved in the periventricular leukomalacia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.269-269
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• 1994

GABA shunt에 관여하는 두 가지 효소인, GABA transminase와 Succinic semialdehyde reductase에 대한 단일 클론 항체를 생산하고 이들 항체의 특성을 살펴보았다. 소의 뇌에서 순수 정제된 효소를 동물에 주사한 후 immunodot-blot 분석법에 의하여 일차적으로 항체를 분비하는 hybridoma를 골라낸 후 생산된 단일 클론 항체가 특이적으로 이들 효소와 반응하는 가를 알아보기 위하여 Western blot 분석을 실시하였다. 뇌조직에서 추출한 총단백질을 SDS 전기영동법에 의하여 분리한 후 이들 항체를 처리한 결과, GABA-T에 대한 항체는 특이적으로 분자량이 50kDa에 해당하는 단백질 밴드만을 인지하였고 SSA reductase에 대한 항체의 경우 분자량이 34kDa 크기의 단백질 밴드와 반응하였다. 이들 분자량은 순수 정제된 소뇌의 효소 단백질의 크기에 해당하는 것을 확인하였다. 이들 소뇌의 효소에 대한 항체를 추적물체로 사용하여 다른 포유동물자 조류의 효소와 비교하는 cross-reactivity 연구를 수행하였다. 소, 돼지, 토끼, 쥐 (rat), 개, 고양이 그리고 닭의 뇌를 제거한 후 총단백질을 추출하고 Western blot을 해본 결과 GABA transaminase의 경우 조류를 제외하고 다른 포유동물에서는 같은 분자량의 단일 단백질 밴드를 확인하였고 SSA reductase의 경우 조류를 포함하는 모든 동물에서 같은 분자량의 밴드를 확인하였다 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 포유류 뇌에 있는 이들 효소들은 변역학적으로 아주 유사하다고 사료된다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2005

This paper emphasizes on the accomplishment of compensated proton density image and T2 weighted image taken from the shrinkage surface of the Brain. From the images, the Brain's surface shrinkage in the normal image and the surface shrinkage in the abnormal image can be observed. After the separation of white matter, gray matter, and CSF, this algorithm calculates the volume of each of them automatically. Results are subdivided into particular ages and saved in the database to be analyzed and to be processed statistically. Therefore, by using this algorithm the normal and abnormal stages can be detected in the early stages to diagnose. This result easily discernment Alzheimer patient and is useful for Alzheimer diagnostic and early detection.