• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.61-87
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• 1995

On the basis of lithology, the Precambrian Hongjesa Granitic Gneiss can be locally zoned into granoblastic granitic gneiss, porphyroblastic granitic gneiss, migmatitic gneiss from its center to the marginal part. There are no distinct differences in mineral assemblages by lithologic zoning, but it partly shows the change of mineral assemblage in the adjacent with migmatitic gneiss, thus mineral assemblage can be subdivided into Zone I and Zone II. In terms of mineral compositions, the characteristics of Zone I are coexisting K-feldspar+muscovite+sillimanite. The characteristics of Zone II are (1) breakdown of muscovite, (2) coexisting garnetScordierite, (3) coexisting garnet+cordierite + orthoamphibole. The Buncheon Granitic Gneiss is mainly composed of augen gneiss. In the adjacent area with Honjesa Granitic Gneisses, Buncheon Granitic Gneiss has the mineral assemblage of sillimanite+biotite+K-feldspar+(kyanite). Kyanite occurs as relict grains in the Buncheon and Hongjesa Granitic Gneissess. Kyanite shows anhedral to subhedral form and coexists with sillimanite in only one of these samples. Garnet from a migmatitic gneiss (Zone 11) has relatively high $X_{Fe}$ value in core and rim. Garnet from a porphyroblastic granitic gneiss(Zone I) has relatively homogemeous core but compositionally-zoned rim. Biotites show various colour from greenish-brown, brown to reddish brown at maximum adsorption. Also, the Ti, and Mg content in biotites increases from Zone I to Zone II. The plagioclases shows the chemical composition of $Ab_{84}An_{16}$ -$Ab_{70}An_{30}$ (oligoclase) in Zone I and $Ab_{70}An_{30}$ -$Ab_{50}An_{50}$(andesine) in Zone 11. These variations indicate that the gneisses in the study area experienced a upperamphibolite facies. The presence of kyanite as relict grains indicates that the metamorphic rocks in this area exprienced a high-temperature/medium-pressure type metamorphism, followed by high-temperaturellow-pressure metamorphism. Metamorphic P-T conditions for each gneiss estimated from various geothermobarometers and phase equilibria are 698-$729^{\circ}C$/6.3-11.3 kbar in augen gneiss, 621-$667^{\circ}C$/1.0-5.4 kbar in migmatitic gneiss, and 602-$624^{\circ}C$/1.9-3.4 kbar in porphyroblastic granitic gneiss. These data suggest that the study area was subjected to a clockwise P-T path with isothermal decompression (dP/dT=about 60 bar/$^{\circ}C$).

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2015

After the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, concerns about radiation by people are increasing rapidly. If people could know how much they will be exposed by radiation, it may help them avoiding it and understand what exactly radiation is. By doing this, we were helping to reduce the anxiety of radiation contamination. In this study, we have researched figures of radioactivity with 'Captus-3000 thyroid uptake measurement systems' in well counter detector system. The materials were measured with Briquette, Shiitake, Pollock, Button type battery, Alkaline battery, Topsoil, Asphalt, Gasoline, Milk powder, Pine, Basalt stone, Pencil lead, Wasabi, Coarse salt, Tuna(can) Cigar, Beer, and then we categorized those samples into Land resources, Water resources, Foodstuff and Etc (Beer classified as a water resources has been categorized into Foodstuff). Also, we selected the standard radiation source linear 137Cs to measure the sensitivity of well counter detector. After that, we took cpm(counter per minute) for the well counter detector of thyroid uptake system's sensitivity. Then we compared the results of each material's cpm and converted those results to Bq/kg unit. There were a little limitation with the measurement equipment because it has less sensitivity than other professional equipment like 'High purity germanium radiation detector'. Moreover, We didn't have many choices to decide the materials. As a result, there are macroscopic differences among the rates of material's spectrum. Therefore, it had meaningful results that showed how much each material had emitted radiation. To compare the material's cpm with BKG, we've compounded their spectrums. By doing that, we were able to detect some differences among the spectrums at specific peak section. Lastly, Button type battery, Alkaline Battery, Briquette, Asphalt and Topsoil showed high value. There were classified emitting high radiation Group A and emitted lower radiation Group B. The Group A, alkaline battery showed higher rate of radiation by 7.67 %, and Button type battery was yield 4.65 % higher rate than BKG. Additionally, Asphalt (8.03 %), Topsoil (3.76 %), Briquette (7.46 %) were yield for higher values. Several samples of the daily supplies were yield little higher, but it seems safe to use in daily lives. In the case of the 'Foodstuff', all of the samples were safe and they were under the radiation limits of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety for Food; thus, we highly recommend this study to you as a reference of common daily routine.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2007

The possibility of inadvertent introduction of therapeutic gene expressing viral vectors has raised safety concerns about germ-line infection. Particularly, for indications such as prostate cancer and ovarian cancer, the proximity of the point of viral administration to organs of the reproductive system raises concerns regarding inadvertent germ-line transmission of genes carried by the virus vector. To evaluate the safety of in vivo adenovirus mediated gene transfer, we explored the biodistribution, persistance and potential germ-line transmission of p53-expressing adenovirus (Ad-CMV-p53). Both male and female Balb/c mice were injected with $1{\times}10^9$ PFU of Ad-CMV-p53. The PCR analysis showed that there were detectable vector sequences in liver, kidney, spleen, seminal vesicle, epididymis, prostate, ovary, and uterus. The RT-PCR analysis for detecting inserted gene, p53 showed that Ad-CMV-p53 viral RNA were present in spleen, prostate and ovary. Direct injected male and female mice of adenovirus vector into testis and ovary were mated and their of offspring were evaluated for germ-line transmission of the adenoviral vector. The PCR and RT-PCR analysis showed no evidence of germline transmission, although vector sequences were detected in DNA extracted from gonadal tissues. Real-time PCR result confirmed a significant decrease of adenovirus in gonad tissues 1 week after injection. We have also analysed the cell specific localization of viral DNA in gonad tissues by using in-situ PCR. Positive signals were detected in interstitial tissue but not in seminiferous tubule in sperm. In the case of ovary, adenovirus signal were localized to the stromal tissue, but no follicular signals were observed. Together, these data provide strong evidence that the risk of the Inadvertent germ-line transmission of vector sequences following intraperitoneal or direct injection into genito-urinary system of adenovirus is extremely low.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.747-758
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• 2006

A total of 30 pigs (average 60kg) were used to investigate the influence of breeds on meat quality. Pigs were alloted into one of three experimental groups [A (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc), B (England Berkshire), and C (Kagoshima Berkshire)]. Pigs were slaughtered at approximately 110kg of live weight for measurement of meat qualities. Crude protein was significantly higher in B than those of other pig breed groups. Shear force value was higher and pH was lower in A than those of other pig breeds. In color, C was significantly higher in a* of meat color and lower in b* of fat color and in brittleness, hardness, springiness, chewiness as compared with other pig breeds. Essential fatty acid were significantly higher in A and lower in B than those of other pig breeds. Aspartic, threonine, serine, glutamic and phenylalanine were higher in C, whereas glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, leucine, tyrosine, histidine, lysine and arginine were significantly higher in A. In sensory evaluation of fresh meat, color was significantly higher in C. However, moisture, crude fat, crude ash and drip loss, marbling score, overall acceptability of fresh meat and all items in sensory evaluation of cooked meat were not significant difference among the pig groups. In conclusions, loin from Kagoshima Berkshire had the lowest shear force and the highest a* value. In the current study few effects of pig breeds were observed. Further studies are needed on the relationship between physico-chemical properties and the pig breeds.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.367-375
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the level of cracked whole barley on daily feed intake, daily body weight gain, carcass characteristics and meat composition of finishing Hanwoo steers (feeding from 24 months to 30 months of age). The dietary treatments were consisted of five types (C; normal concentrate as a basal diet, T1; 10% addition of cracked whole barley, T2; 20% addition of cracked whole barley, T3; 30% addition of cracked whole barley, T4; 40% addition of cracked whole barley). A total 30 Hanwoo steers (588.6${\pm}$11.8kg) were allocated to 5 feeding groups. The daily feed intake and daily body weight gain were high in the order of T2 > T3 >T4 > T1 > C. The back fat thickness and longissmus muscle area were highest in C and T1, respectively (P<0.05) than other treatments. The meat yield index decreased with increased back fat thickness. The marbling score and meat quality were highest in T1 (P<0.01, 0.05, respectively), but maturity, fat color and meat color were not significantly different among treatments. The crude fat was highest in T1 (17.59%), while in T4 (7.47%) it was lowest (P<0.05). The crude protein and crude ash were not significantly different among treatments. The energy value of cracked whole barley treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4) was higher than C (P<0.05). The contents of Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mo, Na and Zn were higher in C than the other treatments (P<0.01), but Co was higher in T2 (P<0.01). The CIE $L^*$ value of whole cracked barley treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4) was higher than C, however there were not differences among the treatments. The CIE $a^*$ value was highest in T1(P<0.05) than others. The CIE $b^*$ value was highest in C and it was decreased with increased feeding of cracked whole barley. Based on the above results, T1 treatment compared to other treatments improved the carcass quality parameters like loin muscle area, marbling score, meat quality, and CIE $L^*$ value.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.495-503
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• 2011

We evaluated the quality characteristics of fresh-cut produce (potato, sweet potato, carrot, radish, zucchini, cucumber, and green bell pepper) washed with sodium hypochlorite, which were vacuum packaged, and stored at 4 and 10$^{\circ}C$. The L-values of the fresh-cut potato and sweet potato decreased during storage. Lower PPO activities of potato and sweet potato were observed at 4$^{\circ}C$ than those at 10$^{\circ}C$ and development of potato and sweet potato browning was delayed at 4$^{\circ}C$. Total aerobic count and coliform increased continuously at 10$^{\circ}C$ during storage. Diced zucchini and shredded sweet potato had the greatest reduction in hardness among the fresh-cut produce during storage. Differences in the rate of quality change were observed according to the kinds and cut types of produce. Thus, a quality maintenance period for each type of fresh-cut produce must be determined, which will lead to the safe use of fresh cut produce in foodservice establishments.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 2006

To determine the proper processing and storage conditions, physico-chemical, microbial and sensory properties of venison jerky under different dry times were measured during storage at $30^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. Samples were dried for 3 hr (T1), 4 hr (T2) and 5 hr (T3) at $75^{\circ}C$ in the smoke chamber, respectively. The pH of T1 was slightly lower than those of T2 and T3 as storage time increased. As dry and storage time increased, TBARS of T2 and T3 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of T1. In meat color, $L^*$ values of T3 showed slightly higher than those of T1 and T2, while at values were not clearly tendency by the passage of storage time. $b^*$ values of T2 and T3 were higher than that of T1. The water activity were significantly lower (p<0.05) in ,the order of T3$log_{10}$ CFU/g until 28 days and its number were accepted by sensory evaluation. In conclusions, T2 and T3 showed slightly high overall acceptability and lipid oxidative stability compared to T1 conditions. These results indicated that longer dry time ($4{\sim}5 hr$) of venison jerky would be better characteristics as compared to shorter dry time (3 hr) with increased storage time at $30^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2 s.30
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• pp.134-148
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• 1995

Dysmenorrhea is probably the most common of all Gynecologic disorders. In the oriental medicine the etiology of Dysmenorrhea is very various, but its mechanism is just that the block of the flow makes the pain. So its treatment is removing the pain by promoting menstrual flow, promoting the flow of qi and by warming channel and activating blood flow. In the various treatments of dysmenorrhea, the method of applying drug at the acupoints which could be combined with feeding herb-medicine by oral was studied. The results obtained here were as follows; 1. In the treatments of dysmenorrhea, the method of applying drug at the acupoints was mainly applied to the type dued to stagnancy of qi and blood stasis, menorrhalgia dued to to cold and dampness, and primary dysmenorrhea. 2. The acupoint used in this treatment was Shin-gwol$(CV_8)$, the umbilicus. 3. The drugs used in this treatment were almost same as oral herb-medicine mainly to activate the blood flow and remove the blood stasis and to promote the flow of qi by warming the channel and remove the pain. 4. The duration of the treatment is, from 3 days before menstration till its period or a few days after it., usually concentrated on fore-postmenstration. 5. The effect of this treatment was reported as excellent. It is more effective to the type of stagnancy of qi and blood stasis, cold and dampness than dued to deficiency of both qi and blood, and dued to the impaired liver-kidney essence. 6. The method of applying drug at the acupoint was as an external treatment, easy, economical, and had no pain and side effect. 7. In the treatments of dysmenorrhea, the method of applying drug at the acupoint could be used as emergency treatment and symptomatic treatment in fore-postmenstration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.1062-1067
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• 2014

In the present study, a new analytical method was devised for the simultaneous determination of soluble carbohydrates in soybean seeds using high performance liquid chromatography/evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC/ELSD). The limit of quantification (LOQ) for soybean soluble carbohydrates ranged from 5.6~7.6 mg/kg using the HPLC/ELSD method and from 16.2~33.9 mg/kg using the high performance liquid chromatography/refractive index detection (HPLC/RID) method. Therefore, the HPLC/ELSD method was more sensitive than HPLC/RID. The precision values for retention time and peak area of the HPLC/ELSD method were evaluated by inter-day (n=5) and intra-day (n=10) assays using a standard solution. All precision values (CV<2.5%) for soybean soluble carbohydrates were acceptable and fulfilled international acceptance criteria. All linear calibration curves were obtained with a correlation coefficient of $R^2$ >0.999. The contents of soluble carbohydrates for the "Shingikong" (yellow soybean) and "Cheongjakong 3" (black soybean) samples were analyzed using the HPLC/RID and HPLC/ELSD methods. The difference in carbohydrate contents between the two detection methods was significant. Carbohydrate contents in the HPLC/ELSD method were higher than those in the HPLC/RID method. Overall, the HPLC/ELSD method showed satisfactory resolution with a favorable LOQ and reproducibility. Therefore, these results indicate that the HPLC/ELSD method may be applied to determine the contents of soluble carbohydrates in soybean seeds and related food stuffs.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2008

This study was a preliminary study to establish diagnostic criterias and treatment for Orofacial Movement Disorders. The 33 Orofacial Movement Disorder patients who were visited in the department of Oral Medicine from September, 2007 to December, 2007 were selected for this study. We analyzed the age, sex, systemic diseases, the diagnosis and the cause of the patients' chief complaints, the self-consciousness and the types of orofacial movements. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Female were predominant in orofacial movement disorders(81.82% vs 18.18%) and mean age was 78.78(56 to 87) years. 2. They almost had systemic diseases(81.82%). Hypertenstion was the most common disease(22.41%) and diabetes mellitus(17.24%), depression(8.62%), gastritis(8.62%) in turns. 3. In clinical manifestation, temporomandibular disorder was the most frequently complained symptom(33.33%), and soft tissue disease(21.57%), burning mouth syndrome(17.65%), orofacial movement itself(15.69%), diffuse orofacial pain(6명, 11.76%) in turns. 4. Most orofacial movement disorders are idiopathic(72.73%), and related to prosthetic treatment(24.24%), related to antidepressant medication(3.03%) in turns. 5. The jaw-closing type was the most common type of orofacial movement disorders, and lateral type(33.33%), jaw-opening types(16.67%) in turns. 6. There were more patients who did not conscious of their orofacial movements than those who did.(54.55% vs 45.45%). In conclusion, dentists must be consider the orofacial movement disorders in patients who have orofacial pain. Also, dentists should obtain a proper history and perform a clinical examination to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate, irreversible treatment.