• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2007

The study was carried out to establish buffer zone for the protection of the non-target organisms by aerial pesticide application. The two pesticide combination of 3-way tank-mixing of three pesticides for aerial application, ferimzone tricyclazole SC + BPMC EC + validamycin-A SL and hexaconzole EC + isoprothiolane EC+phenthoate EC were selected for the simultaneous control of key pests on paddy rice as blast, sheath blight, brown planthopper and moth. Aquatic organisms including killifish and loach in the paddy field and nearby water reservoirs were not affected by aerial application of the pesticides. However, all the water flea were killed, when they were exposed 10 m from the aerially sprayed site, while the water flea exposed in 30 m away from the site were not affected. Honeybees within 50 m in the wind direction and 20 m in the opposite wind direction showed a mortality of $7{\sim}100%$. Residues concentration of the pesticides in paddy water were not detectable level after six days from aerial application. Drifting distance of aerially sprayed droplet from the target area was within 30 m in the wind direction and 20 m in the opposite direction. Consequently, it was the buffer zones in the aerial pesticides application for the protection of the non-target organisms should be at least 50 m for aquatic organisms and 100 m for honeybees.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.289-295
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• 2006

In order to elucidate the behavior of the insecticide imidacloprid (1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine) in crucian carp (Carassius auratus L.) and its effects on the internal organs of crucian carp, the crucian carps were exposed to [$^{14}C$]imidacloprid at a predicted environmental concentration of 0.064 mg/L for 4 days. Imidacloprid in water was absorbed into crucian carps to reach the maximum concentration at 2 days after exposure. Unknown major metabolite and imidacloprid urea, minor metabolite, were detected in test water. The amounts of the [$^{14}C$]imidacloprid and its metabolites absorbed in gall were much higher than those in the other parts, strongly suggesting that biliary excretion involving enterohepatic recirculation could be an import route for the elimination of imidacloprid absorbed in crucian carps. Meanwhile, no toxic effects of imidacloprid on liver and kidney as well as the genital organs such as testis and ovary were observed by microscopic inspection.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.489-495
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• 2023

In this study, we detected the presence of residual pesticides in 341 agricultural products collected from local food outlets in western Gyeonggi Province. Residual pesticides were detected in 105 (30.8%) samples. Six samples exceeded the legal limits for residual pesticides, resulting in a non-compliance rate of 1.8%, which was slightly higher than the average non-compliance rate of 1.4% in the last three years. Among the tested agricultural products, only fruits and vegetables were found to have pesticide residues, with 24 of 34 fruits (a detection rate of 70.6%) and 81 of 277 vegetables (a detection rate of 29.2%) testing positive. In total, 59 types of pesticides, including acetamiprid, which was detected 208 times, were detected and had a detection range of 0.01-2.38 mg/kg. Among the 105 agricultural products containing pesticide residues, a single pesticide was detected in 62 samples (59%) and two or more pesticides were detected in 43 samples (41%). In particular, 14 pesticides were detected in the same sample of peaches; dinotefuran was detected 21 times. Upon examining the toxicity of the detected pesticides, Class III pesticides (moderate toxicity) were detected 44 times (21.2%) and Class IV pesticides (low toxicity) were detected 164 times (78.8%). Class I, II, and III pesticides with fish toxicity were detected 68 (32.7%), 14 (6.7%), and 126 times (60.6%), respectively. Upon examining the exposure to high-frequency pesticide components detected five or more times, the hazard index was found to be ≤2.8%. Accordingly, the hazard of residual pesticides based on dietary intake was deemed insignificant.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2007

Surveying, laboratory and field trial were performed to elucidate the causes of non-spinning syndrome of silkworm, Bombyx mori, abnormal symptoms of silkworm instars observed in certain sericultural fanning region. Mortality and growth of silkworm was still influenced by feeding the mulberry leaves sprayed with 10,000 fold diluted solution of standard spray of diflubenzuron WP (25%). Mortality and growth of silkworm fed with diflubenzuron-sprayed mulberry leaves with recommended spray solution were entirely affected even six weeks after spraying irrespective to the instars. Larval period of 5th instar and cocooning duration of silkworm was not affected in case 50m of buffer zone has maintained in near-by orchard field sprayed with diflubenzuron WP (25%). However, survival rate of pupae was not influenced in case 100 m of buffer zone has kept. Insect growth regulating insecticides were required to keep a certain distance of buffer zone when sprayed with water-diluted solution, 100 m from the application site at least in order to prevent contamination of the spraying drift by the chemicals.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.391-401
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships between exposure level to pyrethroid pesticide and wearing of protective equipment in 194 Chung-nam orchard male farmers. The urinary metabolites of pyrethroid pesticides, including Cis, Trans, DBCA, and 3-PBA, were analyzed by GC/MSD. As a result of this study, the detection rate and exposure level of 3-PBA was the highest among pyrethroid metabolites discovered by orchard farmers. As a result of analyzing the actual conditions of wearing protective equipment by the subjects of this study, the rate of agricultural farmers who wore four pieces of protective equipment compared to agricultural farmers wearing a single piece of protective clothing was as high as 35.1%. Pyrethroid exposure levels were low when farmers wore more personal protective equipment (PPE). In conclusion, training with regards to pesticide hazards and protective equipment for farmers who spray pesticides will help reduce pesticide exposure levels.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2003

카바메이트계 농약인 카보푸란은 어류에 대한 독성이 매우 높으며, 낮은 농도에서 어류의 척추기형이나 행동이상을 유발한다. 이러한 카보푸란의 독성기전을 밝히기 위한 일환으로 신경물질대사와 관련이 깊은 acetylcholine esterase(AChE)와 monoamine oxidase(MAO)에 미치는 농약의 효과를 송사리(Oryzias latipes; Medaka fish)를 이용하여 평가하였다. Medaka fish에 대한 카보푸란의 반수치사농도(LC$_{50}$)는 2.5 ppm이었으며, 1 ppb 카보푸란에 24시간 노출된 경우, AChE 효소활성이 머리와 몸통부위에서 각각 30, 20%씩 감소되었다. 한편, MAO 효소활성은 카보푸란의 농도가 증가함에 따라 머리부위에서는 감소한 반면, 몸통부위에서는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 카보푸란의 농도가 1 ppb에서도 송사리의 MAO 효소활성이 영향을 받는 것으로 나타나, 카보푸란에 의한 송사리의 행동이상은 AChE 활성 뿐 아니라 MAO활성의 변화에 의한 복합적인 효과일 가능성이 높다.

• THE HEALTH and ORGANIC FARMING
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• no.220
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

제27회 한국유기농업대회장에서/김치 세계화운동에 앞장서자/제6회 한국유기농축산물 품평회/우리의 차조기/월동하는 병해충을 유인포집하자/한.중 유기농기술합작기업 설립키로 합의서 체결/유기황 현지평가회 성료/제1회 친환경농산물 전시.직판/분뇨이용 완숙퇴비 눈길, 시3개 광역친환경단지 조성/"화학비료 과다투입 막아야"/"친환경 농축산업으로 농촌문제 해결"/건강장수촌의 비밀"수"/농림부,'유기농산물 재배시 금지'규정 완화키로/아산,친환경 자연순화농법 추진/친환경농업육성법 개정안 국회제출/착각하고 있는 잘못된 웰빙/과수,유기질비료 사용은?/바이러스병 어떻게 전파되며, 어떻게 막아낼 것인가?/시설재배 병해 발생환경의 특수성/김치 세계화에 앞장서자/협회 전환기유기2호/농림부에선 지금 무슨 일을?/예산 신암 친환경농업사업지구 유통시설 준공/산만한 아이,밥상부터 바꿔라/전국 최초 6년근 인삼 친환경인증(저농약)획득/배추 무사마귀병은 무와 윤작으로/한국유기농의 산 증인 안종근이사 인터뷰/교육소식/우수농산물코너/친환경농업 이모저모/약이되는 웃음, 약이 되는 웃음 운동/2025 한국농업 미래 밝다/뿌리의 노출

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.263-269
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: The personal protective equipments (PPEs) is the most important factor for reducing the pesticide exposure during the preparation and spraying of pesticides. This study was to investigate the retention, repellence and penetration of protective clothing of PPEs according to the ISO 22608 'Liquid penetration resistance-pipette test. Protective clothing for agriculture worker is very important for their health. However, test method for measurement of protective clothing is not presented in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: In order to measure the retention, repellence and penetration of protective clothing, a apparatus for pipette method in accordance with the ISO Guideline was prepared. The test was conducted at $25{\pm}5^{\circ}C$, $60{\pm}10%$ of relative humidity and pipette applied to a apparatus was validated to take exact amount(0.2 mL). The retention, repellence and penetration of five types of protective clothing and one type of shirt were analyzed by GC/MS. Pendimethalin(5% a.i, emulsion) was used as a test pesticide to measure above factors. The retention were less than 11.0% with the exclusion of two types(F4 and shirt) and the repellency was more than 67.0% with the exclusion of shirt material. The penetration was less than 5.4%, however, that of shirt was 66.7%. CONCLUSION: This results indicated that all protective clothing were suitable to use as PPEs according to the criteria specified by ISO Guide 22608. However, shirt was not suitable due to high penetration. This test method established for measurement the retention, repellence and penetration of protective clothing will help to establish the test notice of pipette method.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.294-299
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data on the safety of Poria cocos, a major Korean herbal medicine, and to establish tolerance levels for hazardous substances. Residual pesticides (321 types), heavy metals (7 types), radioactivity (3 types), and ash content were analyzed in 10 Poria cocos products distributed in Korea (5 domestic and 5 in China). Of the residual pesticides, cypermethrin was detected at 0.03 mg/kg in one domestic sample and was below the standard value. Of the heavy metals, the levels of Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Hg, and Cr were below the standard values in all samples. Hg was not detected in any sample. Cd was detected at 0.011 mg/kg in one Chinese sample. The radioactivity concentration was also below the MDA value in all P. cocos samples. The ash content was less than the standard value of 1.0% in all P. cocos samples. The findings indicate that P. cocos distributed in Korea is safe. However, because P. cocos is always exposed to harmful substances because of the nature of its cultivation in the soil, it seems necessary to establish systematic management standards for the entire production stage, such as cultivation, storage, and distribution.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2018

Studies on suspected endocrine disrupting pesticide (EDP) residues in agricultural products were carried out in 2016 in Busan, Korea. Twelve different EDPs, ranging in concentration between 0.003-2.049 mg/kg, were detected in 19.5% of 462 samples. About 0.2% of agricultural product samples exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Risk indices of all of the EDPs were less than 10% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI). The outcomes indicated that the risk groups at highest risk of exposure to diazinon (found in Korean cabbages) and carbendazim (found in apples) were females aged 40 to 49 and young males less than 10 years old, respectively. Based on the stochastic assessment at $95^{th}$ percentile (P95), risk index in these risk groups accounted for 8.38 and 2.98% of ADIs. The results showed that the occurrence of EDP residues in agricultural products could not be considered a public health problem.