• Feed Journal
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• v.4 no.3 s.31
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• pp.102-109
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• 2006

세계적으로 환경문제의 중요성이 심각하게 대두되고 있고, 그에 따른 관련법규도 강화되어 환경비용이 급속하게 증가하고 있으므로, 식품가공부산물 중에서 비교적 발생량이 많으면서 방치할 경우 환경문제를 야기할 가능성이 높은 맥주박, 비지, 주정박, 전분박 및 감귤박 등에 대한 사료가치 증진방안과 이 들을 원료로 한 한 · 육우에 대한 TMR 제조 및 이용기술을 제시함으로서 생산비절감을 기본으로 한 고급육 생산방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.211-222
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical meat quality and sensory properties of Holstein steers(n=18, 4 months old, average body weight 160kg) which were divided into 3 groups and fed 2 different energy levels of total mixed rations(TMR)(T1, TDN 74~84%; T2, TDN 77~85%) until 18, 20 or 22 months old, respectively. For loin muscles, 22-month group of T1 and 20- and 22-month groups of T2 had higher fat contents than the other groups (P<0.05). T2 had higher WHC values for 18-month groups among 3 feeding groups (P>0.05). In sensory properties, T1 had higher tenderness, flavor-likeness and overall likeness for 20-month group than the other groups (P<0.05). T2 had higher tenderness, juiciness, flavor likeness and overall likeness in 20- and 22-months groups than 18-month group (P<0.05). For top round muscles, 22-month group had higher fat contents than the other groups of T1 and T2 (P<0.05). T1 had higher in redness(a* value) and yellowness (b* value) of 22-month group (P<0.05). T2 had higher WHC values, lower WBS and CL values in 18-month group than the other groups (P<0.05). In sensory properties, T1 had higher tenderness for 18 and 20-month groups and overall likeness (P<0.05). T2 had higher tenderness in 18-month group. The results of this study showed that longer feeding of agricultural by-product TMR increased the intramuscular fat contents, however, the 18 and 20-months finishing groups were advantageous for the meat quality and sensory properties of Holstein steers.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.236-243
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• 2012

Spent mushroom substrates is composted organic material remaining after a crop of mushroom is harvested. The raw materials of mushroom substrates are same feed ingredient as corncobs, rice brown, wheat brown, cotton seeds and beet pulp. During the mushroom cultivation process, the mushroom substrates was used 15-25% by mushroom and 75-85% of mushroom substrates was remained in the SMS. Among of the spent mushroom substrates, spent mushroom substrates of pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammuliua velutipes is can be use the energy feedstock of animal feed. The cellulose content of spent mushroom(pleurotus eryngii) substrates containing the sawdust was high and total digestible nutrients (TDN) values was low. The spent mushroom(pleurotus eryngii) substrates fermented with cellulase and xylanase producing bacteria is may be used as an ingredient of feed in TMR for Hanwoo steer.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.251-264
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• 2003

This study was conducted to make on-site survey on the output pattern and utilization situation of 19 by-products selected, to evaluate their nutritional characteristics, to find out a reliable index with which digestion of by-products can be predicted on the basis of chemical compositions analyzed and to diagnose the risk of using book values in the absence of the actual values analyzed for diet formulation. Production and utilization situations of by-products were quite various. Nutritionally, fruit processing by-products such as apple pomace (AP), pear pomace (PP), grape pomace (GP), and persimmon peel (PSP), and bakery by-products (BB) were classified as energy feeds. Soybean curd meal (SCM), animal by- products such as blood (BD), feather meal (FM) and poultry by-products (PB), and activated milk processing sludge (AMS) were classified as protein feeds. Soy hulls (SH), spent mushroom compost (SMC), barley malt hulls (BMH), waste paper (WP) and broiler litter (BL) were classified as roughage. Rumen contents (RC) and restaurant food waste (FW) were nutritionally analogous to complete diets for cattle and swine, respectively. Compared to soybean meal (SBM), BD and FM contained high (P<0.05) levels of amino acids and barley malt sprouts (BMS), AMS and FW contained low (P<0.05) levels of amino acids. Enzymatic (pepsin) digestibilities of proteinaceous feeds ranged between 99 and 66%. In vitro DM digestibility was high (P<0.05) in the order of FW, BB, AP, SH, PP, PSP, BMH, BMS, SCM, GP, RC, PB, BL, WP, SMC, AMS, FM and BD. In vitro DM digestibility had the highest correlation (r=0.68) with nonfibrous carbohydrate among chemical components. Differences between analyzed values of chemical components and book values were considerable. Caution is required in using book values when large amount of by-products are used in diets.