• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.22 no.5 s.168
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• pp.10-11
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• 2001

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2017

We studied soil composition, $N_2O$ production, a number of denitrifying bacteria, community structure and T-RFLP patterns of denitrifying bacteria dependent on agricultural methods with the change of seasons. Analyses of the soil chemical composition revealed that total carbon and total organic carbon contents were 1.57% and 1.28% in the organic farming soil, 1.52% and 1.24% in the emptiness farming soil, and 1.40% and 0.95% in traditional farming soil, respectively. So, the amount of organic carbon was relatively high in the environment friendly farming soils than traditional farming soils. In case of $N_2O$ production, the amount of $N_2O$ production was high in May and November soils, but the rate of $N_2O$ production was fast in August soil. The average number of denitrifying bacteria were $1.32{\times}10^4MPN{\cdot}g^{-1}$ in the organic farming soil, $1.17{\times}10^4MPN{\cdot}g^{-1}$ in the emptiness farming soil, and $6.29{\times}10^3MPN{\cdot}g^{-1}$ in the traditional farming soil. It was confirmed that the environment friendly farming soil have a larger number of denitrifying bacteria than the traditional farming soil. As a result of the phylogenetic analyses, it was confirmed that six clusters were included in organic farming soil among total 10 clusters. And the result of PCA profile distribution of T-RFLP pattern on agricultural methods, the range of distribution showed wide in the organic farming method, relatively narrow in the conventional farming method, and middle in the emptiness farming method. Therefore, we could concluded that the distribution and the community structure of denitrifying bacteria were changed according to the agricultural methods and seasons.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.291-291
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• 2009

쌀 생산관리 방법에 따른 논 생태계의 생물다양성을 조사하기 위하여 관행, 우렁이, 투구새우, 심수관개, 오리농법 등으로 구분하여 벼 재배기간 동안 수서생물종과 식물종을 조사하였다. 논물과 토양에 서식하는 생물종을 쿼드라트법을 활용하여 조사한 결과, 토양생물의 풍부도는 이앙기는 관행농법, 분얼기에는 투구새우 농법이 높았으며, 출수기에는 무논, 쌀겨 농법에서 가장 많은 토양생물이 서식하고 있었다. 또한, 줄 채집에 의한 수서생물 종은 분얼기와 출수기, 육상생물은 수확기때 풍부하였으며 관행농법은 분얼기에 가장 출현종이 많았던 반면 오리농법은 전 조사기간 동안 가장 개체수가 적었으며 무논+쌀겨농법이 생물다양성 기여도가 가장 높았다. 생물조사 결과 관행보다는 유기재배논에서 종 풍부도가 2배이상 높게 나타났으며, 쌀겨농법은 이앙기~분얼기까지는 쌀겨 분해에 따른 유기산에 의해 수서곤충이 급감되나 분얼기이후 개체수가 회복되어 무논+쌀겨구에서 가장 높았다. 전 조사지점 논둑의 식물 분포는 농법별 유의성이 없었으며 논둑의 우점식물은 쑥, 개망초,질경이, 클로버, 미나리, 미국가막사리, 쇠뜨기, 둑새풀, 미나리 등이었다. 출수기를 전후하여 관행논과 유기논, 그리고 둠벙의 유무로 구분하여 생물종을 조사한 결과, 먼저 관행논과 유기논에서 서식하는 생물종은 비슷하지만 수서생물의 개체수는 유기논이 관행논보다 43-54%나 많았다. 한편, 둠벙의 유무에 의한 생물조사에서는 둠벙이 있는 논이 없는 논보다 서식종이 35-47%정도 높은 경향을 나타내어 생물다양성을 증진하기위해서는 낙수기때 수서생물들의 피난처를 확보하여 주는 소규모 둠벙이 효과적인 것으로 판단되었다.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.535-542
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• 2012

This study was carried out from 2011 to 2012 in order to analyze the cultivation technology system by six organic rice cultivation types in the southern provinces for the purpose of utilizing organic rice farming guidelines. This surveys were conducted by site visit on 8 counties and 115 farms in southern area. Cultivation technology system by six organic rice cultivation types were cultivated by the principle of minimum input or non-input. cropping systems, a mixture of barley and rice, or rice green manure crops were grown. Cultivars were mixture of the local cultivars and Japanese varieties. Soil were managed by a self-manufactured compost, indigenous microorganisms and barley straw without any fertilization. Pest control was mainly practied by purchased eco-friendly organic materials or herbal medication residue and indigenous microbial self-manufactured. Weed was controled by snails and barley straw. In addition, considering the restore of a longtail pitching shrimp and grasshoppers, the fuction of environmental ecology of six organic rice cultivation type proved to be excellent all. Meanwhile, the productivity of the organic farming per 10a were the order of Life and environment > Natural circulation > Stevia > Ji jang > Art and nature > Taepyoung of Farming Methods, but the farmers received prices showed the opposite tendency. Simple profitablity did not show a big difference. But, the productivity of all type of the organic farming were lower then the conventional farming. Finally, If we want to conduct safety and easy farming, we can suggest stevia farming, Natural circulation farming and life and environmental farming out of 6 organic rice cultivation types.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.193-209
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• 2009

Total collected benthic macro invertebrates in rice paddy fields were identified 3 phylum, 5 class, 13 order, 25 family, 32 genera and 36 species, those in organic rice field were 12 order, 22 family and 28 species, and in conventional rice field were 10 order, 19 family and 25 species. The almost collected species inhabit lentic zone but Semisulcospira libertina, Corbicula fluminea, and Tipula sp. were habitat on lotic zone. The number of benthic macro invertebrates species was higher in organic paddy field than in conventional field. Eleven species were collected only on organic but eight species only on conventional field. The number of individuals were 870 on organic rice field which higher 3.6-fold on conventional field. The diversity indices of organic rice field were 1.57-2.45 and 0.71-2.61 in the first and second survey, respectively. The higher diversity indices, the lower dominance indices.

• 한국양묘협회지
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• s.17
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• pp.30-36
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• 1989

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.687-706
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• 2018

Organic agriculture is well known to be not only affecting the physical and chemical status of the soil but also closely connected to the biodiversity through complex community structure and ecological interactions. Current study monitored and analyzed the invertebrate biodiversity of organic and conventional paddy fields and upland fields from April, 2017 to August, 2017. Total of 680 species (with 14,371 individuals) were confirmed - more number of species were identified at the organic agriculture practicing fields. According to the various indices analysis, organic paddy field showed about 40% higher diversity index, while organic upland field showed about 10% higher diversity index. Richness index at organic paddy field was 60% higher compared to conventional paddy field, while organic upland field showed 40% higher value. Dominance and evenness index at conventional agriculture practicing fields were low, which possibly indicate at least partial dominance phenomenon. Hemipteran, dipteran and aranean species showed highest diversity in all fields, while dipteran, hemipteran, aranean and coleopteran species had highest diversity in conventional agriculture practicing fields.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Today, environmentally friendly farming has become an important feature of agricultural policy. It promotes or sustains farming systems which protect and enhance the environment. This study was conducted to compare benthic invertebrate communities in an organic and a conventional paddy field in South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Benthic invertebrates were collected at 11 regions of a rice paddy from June to August, 2009, 2010 and 2011. These comparisons undertaken using a community assessment approaches such as the number of individuals and species and community composition. Generally, the larger number of individuals and species of benthic invertebrates was observed in an organic paddy than in a conventional paddy field. Organic paddy fields could supported the wider range of species and abundance in aquatic invertebrates comparing to conventional paddy fields. Carrying capacity to support larger numbers of invertebrates also tends to be higher in organic paddy than in conventional paddy field. Specially, organic farming regions surrounded by forests were high quality habitat for benthic invertebrates than other surrounded regions such as grassland. CONCLUSION(S): We concluded that organic farming was more advantaged to benthic invertebrates than conventional farming. In order to improve biodiversity in rice paddy field, farming regimes without agricultural chemicals are recommended. The effect of organic management on biodiversity and abundance of benthic invertebrates could be maximized across highland farmland.

• KAPE Magazine
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• s.215
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• pp.18-19
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• 2014

위의 사진과 같이 논과 축산농가가 한 데 어우러져 3,000평의 대지에 한우를 사육하는 농가가 있다. 논에서 나오는 농작물을 소에게 먹이고, 소에게서 나오는 분뇨는 퇴비로 만들어 논에 뿌려지는 이른바 친환경 자연순환 농법이다. 친환경 농법이기에 사람의 정성도 많이 필요로 하는데 최근 이슈화 되고 있는 비육우 생산비 절감에 대한 대안을 찾고자 현지 탐방을 다녀왔다.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.279-288
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• 2011

To suggest the weed management technique for environment friendly rice cultivation, we investigated occurrence patterns of weeds, the actual condition of weed management, and rice yield at the environment friendly agricultural complex located in Honam and Chungnam regions. The practical performance of weed management was relatively satisfactory in decreasing order of agricultural technique with golden-apple-snail (GAS) > agricultural technique with duck (Duck) > agricultural technique with rice bran (RB) > agricultural technique with soft-shelled turtle (ST). In the rice fields employed by agricultural technique with GAS, the dominant weeds were Echinochloa crus-galli, Ludwigia prostrata, Monochoria vaginalis, Sagittaria trifolia, and Aneilema keisak. However, E. crus-galli, M. vaginalis, L. prostrata, Aeschynomene indica and Bidens frondosa were found as dominant weeds at the fields using the Duck and E. crus-galli, M. vaginalis, L. prostrata, Polyganum hydropiper and Eleocharis kuroguwai at the fields using RB. In comparison of rice yield ($5.2\;MT\;ha^{-1}$) obtained from the conventional cultivation using herbicides, about 93% was reached by Duck, about 91% by GAS, about 92% by RB, and about 78% by ST. When rice qualities obtained from environment friendly rice cultivation were compared with those from the conventional cultivation, the producing rates of perfect kernel, immature kernel, immature opaque kernel, cracked rice, and damaged kernel were lower in the former cultivation, whereas contents of protein, amylose, and fatty acid were similar in the two cultivation methods. The problems found in the environment friendly agriculture were poor plowing and harrowing, carless irrigation management, and geological poor condition as cultivation area with cold water. These have caused severe infestation of weeds, frequent incident of disease and insect pest, and rice lodging. This resulted in reduction of rice yield as high as about 32 to 79% as compared with the conventional cultivation using herbicides.