• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.492-512
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• 2002

The daily life activities of primary school children have been increasingly diversified. This research examined the spatio-temporal characteristics of primary school children's daily life activities. The time allocation of primary school children's daily activities was monotonous. They tended to spend most of their time in school activities, private lessons after school, and studying at home. The daily trip to school has been diversified as the result the of increase in the number of double-income families, car owners, facilities for pastime, and educational facilities for private lessons after school. The selection of educational facilities for private lessons was strongly influenced by accessibility to the residence because of the limited time budget of primary school children and the controlled trip behavior by parents. The leisure activities were considered as a minor function and took place in the interval of performances of study-related activities. The high proportion of leisure activities was found in the indoor play. The amount of the time for leisure activity was very insufficient. The spatial range and time budget were strongly influenced by the institutional conditions of parents.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.12B
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• pp.1656-1664
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• 2001

When a packet loss occurs in a communication network operating a TCP protocol, the TCP protocol regards it that the loss has resulted from network congestion. Then the TCP protocol performs congestion control. When it is applied to the wireless network having quite a high BER characteristics, the performance of TCP protocol is degraded very much. In this paper, we propose an Explicit Error Notification(EEN) algorithm to improve the performance of the wireless TCP When a packet loss occurs in the wireless network, the TCP receiver decodes the TCP segment sequence number and the address of the TCP sender and receiver, and then informs the TCP sender of the error in wireless network by sending a NACK. It is to distinguish packets in error from losses of network congestion. In this paper, the performance of the proposed EEN algorithm is analyzed and simulated. In fact, as more errors are corrected, the proposed algorithm shows a larger improvements in performance.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 2017

Sandbox game users can double their satisfaction by re-creating a variety of play patterns. This creative process is due to the expansion of play through 'customizing' and 'action autonomy'. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural limitations of freedom of online game. In a standalone game, the scalability due to the degree of freedom gives the user a strong motivation for world persistence. On the other hand, in online sandbox games such as MMORPG, it is confirmed that the goal-oriented tendency to gain advantage is the inherent limit of the freedom and expandability of the sandbox game. In this study, it is suggested that the cause and limit of growth of online-based sandbox game can be offset by the optimal solution factor.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.269-288
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• 2010

21 C is called the age of Culture and it is underlined in all the Areas of Human lifes. Among all activities, Culture oriented Thinking and activities and strategies through and for Culture establishing are emphasized. As Sea may appear as a image of longing and challenge for the unknown world, Port is understood as a link which connect Sea and Land. Sea, Island and Port are the basis of human lifes, economic working areas and communication spaces with nature. Sea and Port have been changed in accordance with human History as the space of Life, Work, Play and Imagination. The Maritime activities has been developed as the type of a Culture, including various diversities according to the time and space. This Paper suggested a definition of Maritime Culture and Theoretical review and groped introduction and strategies and countermeasures for expansion of systematic Maritime Culture. Maritime Culture not only enhance the quality of Citizen life but also contribute the progress of National economy increasing the quality of Culture, Turism and Environment and the expectation of it has been enlarged. It is needed to introduce and expand Maritime Culture systematically through theoretical framework suggested by this paper, and additional research may be necessary for the detailed solutions and countermeasures.

• Korean Architects
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• s.475
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• pp.65-74
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• 2008

1970년 초에 배럴당 1불하던 원유가가 지금은 120불을 상회하고 있다. 더욱 놀라운 것은 3년 전만 하더라도 40불 이하 수준이던 것이 불과 몇 년 사이에 3배 이상 급등해 버린 것이다. 우리는 아직 유가 100불 이상의 고유가 시대에 대한 고통을 실감하지 못하고 있지만, 빠른 시일 안에 대항한 형태로 우리를 불편하게 하고, 더가서는 사회 경제 문화 등 모든 우리의 활동패턴에 근본적 변화를 일으킬 것이라는데는 어느 누구도 이의를 달지 못할 것이다. 한편 90년대만 하더라도 친환경 건축기술은 선택적 사양으로 인식되어 왔으며, 일부 고급건물 또는 데모성격의 건물에만 반영되던 미래의 기술 분야로 간주되어왔다. 하지만 10년 남짓 지난 지금 우리 주변에서 가장 흔하게 접할 수 있는 용어 중의 하나가 친환경, 지속가능, 그린, 에코 등 이며, 최근 많은 건설사가 고민하고 있는 가장 중요한 이슈가 친환경 건축 관련 기술이 되어버렸다. 최근 유가의 급등세 보다는 더디다 할 지라도 몇 년 사이에 벌어지고 있는 제도적, 사회 경제적 변화 동향을 돌이켜 볼 때 건축계 또한 매우 빠른 속도로 변해가고 있으며, 부지불시간에 유가등급과 같이 변화된 환경에 놀라는 시기가 곧 도래할 것이다. 오랜 기간 에너지 및 친환경 관련 요소기술의 개발, 정부의 지원제도 확대, 보급 강화 등 각종 노력을 통해 이제는 건축 설계분야에서도 친환경건축물에 대한 저변이 크게 확대되었다고 볼 수 있다. 하지만 실상 우리주변에서 제대로된 친환경 건축물을 실제로 보고자 한다면 두손으로 꼽기도 힘들 정도인 사실에 놀라게 될 것이다. 이러한 배경하에 이번 연재에서는 그동안 오랜기간 떠들고 노력했음에도 불구하고 실제 제대로된 친환경 건축물을 우리 주변에서 찾기 힘든 이유를 건축실무자 측면에서 재고해 보고, 이에 대한 새로운 해결방안을 모색해 보는 계기를 갖고자 한다. 특히 많은 친환경 건축기술 중 최근 선진국을 중심으로 가장 큰 이슈가 되어 있고, 또한 건축사 입장에서 쉽게 접근하기 어려운 기술분야인 신재생에너지 건축응용 측면에서 다양한 최신 기술 및 실질적 접근방법과 사례를 주제별로 제시하고자 한다.

• Korean Architects
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• s.477
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

1970년 초에 배럴당 1불하던 원유가가 지금은 120불을 상회하고 있다. 더욱 놀라운 것은 3년 전만 하더라도 40불 이하 수준이던 것이 불과 몇 년 사이에 3배 이상 급등해 버린 것이다. 우리는 아직 유가 100불 이상의 고유가 시대에 대한 고통을 실감하지 못하고 있지만, 빠른 시일 안에 대항한 형태로 우리를 불편하게 하고, 더가서는 사회 경제 문화 등 모든 우리의 활동패턴에 근본적 변화를 일으킬 것이라는데는 어느 누구도 이의를 달지 못할 것이다. 한편 90년대만 하더라도 친환경 건축기술은 선택적 사양으로 인식되어 왔으며, 일부 고급건물 또는 데모성격의 건물에만 반영되던 미래의 기술 분야로 간주되어왔다. 하지만 10년 남짓 지난 지금 우리 주변에서 가장 흔하게 접할 수 있는 용어 중의 하나가 친환경, 지속가능, 그린, 에코 등 이며, 최근 많은 건설사가 고민하고 있는 가장 중요한 이슈가 친환경 건축 관련 기술이 되어버렸다. 최근 유가의 급등세 보다는 더디다 할 지라도 몇 년 사이에 벌어지고 있는 제도적, 사회 경제적 변화 동향을 돌이켜 볼 때 건축계 또한 매우 빠른 속도로 변해가고 있으며, 부지불시간에 유가등급과 같이 변화된 환경에 놀라는 시기가 곧 도래할 것이다. 오랜 기간 에너지 및 친환경 관련 요소기술의 개발, 정부의 지원제도 확대, 보급 강화 등 각종 노력을 통해 이제는 건축 설계분야에서도 친환경건축물에 대한 저변이 크게 확대되었다고 볼 수 있다. 하지만 실상 우리주변에서 제대로된 친환경 건축물을 실제로 보고자 한다면 두손으로 꼽기도 힘들 정도인 사실에 놀라게 될 것이다. 이러한 배경하에 이번 연재에서는 그동안 오랜기간 떠들고 노력했음에도 불구하고 실제 제대로된 친환경 건축물을 우리 주변에서 찾기 힘든 이유를 건축실무자 측면에서 재고해 보고, 이에 대한 새로운 해결방안을 모색해 보는 계기를 갖고자 한다. 특히 많은 친환경 건축기술 중 최근 선진국을 중심으로 가장 큰 이슈가 되어 있고, 또한 건축사 입장에서 쉽게 접근하기 어려운 기술분야인 신재생에너지 건축응용 측면에서 다양한 최신 기술 및 실질적 접근방법과 사례를 주제별로 제시하고자 한다.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.172-175
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• 2008

Stable isotope ratio of carbon and nitrogen ($\delta^{13}C$ & $\delta^{15}N$), and $\Delta^{9}$-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) contents were measured on 37 Korean cannabis and 10 commercial grade marijuana seized in Korea. Factors influencing on the measured values and their variations were investigated. $\delta^{13}C$ value of cannabis is specified mainly by water availability. Korean cannabis showed relatively low $\delta^{13}C$ values ranging -33.29$\sim$-27.01% (mean=-31.01%), which reflect geographic conditions of Korea where is rainy, especially during summer. $\delta^{15}N$ values, which reflect individual planting conditions, were relatively high up to -0.5$\sim$18.0% (mean=6.44%). It reflects characteristics of Korean cannabis growing wild in forest or cultivated in fertile soil. Tetrahydrocannabinol is the major hallucinogenic compound of cannabis. Ethanol extracts of cannabis leaves were derivatized by N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), and the derivatives were analyzed by GC-MS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. THC contents of Korean cannabis ranged 0.11$\sim$4.34% (mean=1.47%), which were relatively low compared with commercial grade marijuana.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1230-1242
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• 2018

In the present work, we reviewed feed mycotoxin-related research and provide potential strategies to overcome feed mycotoxin issues. Cereal grains and cereal byproducts are most easily contaminated by fungus. Fungi in feed ingredients produce secondary metabolites such as aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone, which are commonly found in feed ingredients. These mycotoxins in animal feeds and ingredients are regulated in many countries. Dietary mycotoxins have detrimental effects on immune systems and growth performance in pigs. A major harmful effect of dietary mycotoxin is reduced feed intake, resulting in deficient energy and nutrient intake and eventually depressed growth of pigs. The reduced energy and nutrient intake may be overcome possibly by increased energy and nutrient concentrations. Dietary supplementation of some mycotoxin binders may reduce the detrimental effects of mycotoxins. However, the effects of mycotoxin binders especially on deoxynivalenol and zearalenone have been reported to be variable depending on classes and concentration of mycotoxin, environmental condition, and type of mycotoxin binders.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.131-139
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• 2019

This study is the purpose of effective safety education measures for special school teachers with intellectual disabilities on the status of safety accidents and preventive education. In summary, the results show that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the safety education activities of teachers at special schools with intellectual disabilities, safety education environment, safety education recognition, safety education knowledge, safety resources and training experience, and internal and external factors. Overall, the experience of safety accidents by teachers is higher than expected, and the practice of safety education to prevent the occurrence of various places, times, and types such as classrooms, staircases, auditoriums, and rides. The practice of safety education to prevent this also indicated that the safety resources of special school teachers and opportunities for training experiences should be expanded more by presenting safety data, knowledge, awareness, and education activities in order.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.33-44
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• 2018

During the course of play, children gain special experience in a place where they can explore their surrounding environment and feel emotional stability. This experience of attachment to the place of play is very important in that play can serve as a measurement of the child's growth and development. Therefore, the environment surrounding the child should be understood as a meaningful place that affects a child's life beyond the place of play. The purpose of this study is to propose a spatial planning method where the formation of place attachment is considered in the design of child care facilities, as this is where preschool children spend much of their early formative years. The research methods are as follow: First, we surveyed the relationship between child development and place attachment through literature reviews and found that the factors that form place attachment were summarized as accessibility, complexity, segmentation and nature friendliness. Second, we examined the spatial characteristics of Mitsuru Senda, a Japanese architect who has been intensively studying children's play environments, as well as the characteristics of children's play proposed by his academic research. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between the spatial characteristics supporting play shown in Senda's work, and the four factors of place attachment formation and proposed a planning method for space design applicable to child care facilities.