• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.271-275
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• 2011

According to governmental policies for green growth, the increase in the traffic volume of railroad is a representative method to reduce total greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted from transport. Comprehensive assessment for the GHG emission of railroad has been studied to compare the difference of transport modes just in the operating step excluded the construction step. The purpose of this study was to evaluate GHG emissions in railroad construction sector. The targets were some construction works for civil, track, building, and electric system in A line. The GHG emission source of constructing railroad infrastructure was mainly the energy consumption of heavy equipments. As a result, the civil construction sector showed more than 96% of total GHG emissions and its specific GHG emission was 2.191 ton $CO_2e/m$. Also, the specific GHG emissions of civil construction works were of the order: earthworks > tunnels > bridges > station. In future, it will be required to calculate the overall GHG emission of railroad through life cycle approaches including operation, maintenance and disposal step.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.133-136
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• 2000

To evaluate the biological effects of dykellic acid, a novel apoptosis inhibitor, isolated from microorganism on the plant cells, the cell growth, protein contents, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were investigated in suspension cultures of tobacco photomixotrophic cultured (PM) cells on 12 days after different concentration of chemical treatment. The cells were cultured in MS medium containing 0.7 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.3 mg/L kinetin, 30 g/L sucrose and 200 mM NaCl at $25^{\circ}C$ in the light (100 rpm). Dykellic acid strongly inhibited the cell growth by evaluating the cell fresh wt and the ion conductivity in the medium ($IC_{50}$/, about 20 $\mu$M). The results as inhibition of cell growth and cell wall damage were same. The compound significantly increased the protein contents and the SOD specific activity in proportion with the dosage. The results suggested that dykellic acid may have biological activity in plant cells and tobacco PM cells may be suitable biomaterials for in vitro evaluation of the biological activity of natural products.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.59-67
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• 2017

Purpose: As we are facing the global crisis from the climate change and energy depletion, urgent actions are needed to design a integrated sustainable building. This paper suggests that a sustainable design awards can stimulate for architects to bring the cutting-edge ideas into a realized building in comparison to green building certification system. AIA COTE Top 10 design awards, organized and run by AIA(American Institute of Architects) COTE(Committee on the Environment) from 1997, is analyzed as a case study. By researching the core of the AIA COTE Top 10 design awards system in terms of evaluation measures and submission requirements, meaningful suggestions were drawn to supplement Korea Green Building Awards system and to design and realize leading green buildings in Korea. Method: The comparison between AIA COTE Top 10 and Korea Green Building Design Awards was made in terms of evaluation measures, submission requirements, and green building certification systems. Result: This paper finally suggests the following three points in conclusion: 1) Set the standards of evaluation measures reflecting the three aspects(economy, environment, social) of sustainability, 2) Set the qualitative evaluation measures and corresponding submission requirements that can apply in the design awards in comparison to green building certification system, 3) Develop and balance submission requirements in response to evaluation measures to proceed systematic evaluation of the green buildings.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2013

Recently, there is the growing concern about the environment and energy. Such concern has been seen in the field of building. In this study, Analysis was performed about a variety of techniques that can be applied to the building sector. By conducting a survey of expert, Characteristics of each technology and each Building types application are certificated. As a result, The application of renewable energy in buildings and determine the characteristics of each technology are presented. Based on these results, the selection method of the efficient technologies that take advantage of the building of the project from the planning stage are expected.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.26-37
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• 2009

This paper suggests a sensor's placement method for detecting the dilemma zone problem when real-time driver's safety service is provided at signalized intersections by multiple pointed traffic sensors using USN environments. For detecting the dangerous situations from vehicles accelerating through yellow intervals, red-light running and stopping abruptly like as dilemma zone problem, VISSIM(microscopic, behavior-based multi-purpose traffic simulation program) is used to perform a real-time multiple detection situation by changing the input data like as various inflow-volume, design speed change, driver perception and response time. As a result, the optimal interval of traffic sensors is 20~27m, and the initialized sensor location from stop-line is different according to road design speed. Moreover, the pattern of detection about dilemma zone is also different according to inflow-volumes. This paper shows that the method is useful to evaluate the sensor's placement problem based on micro-simulation and the results can be used as the basic research for USN services.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.32-39
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• 2011

Even if the traffic light is green, if vehicles enter a jammed intersection, they are violation of the law. The police is enforcing law as a part of a nation wide campaign. Because, using the camcorder, the police can not do enforcement the offending vehicle, there are other techniques. Our research group proposed automated photographic equipment enable to enforce moving violation in intersection. Using new license plate recognition technology and backtracking technology to trace the offending vehicle, once the system detects a violator, it records 8 wide pictures and 1picture from the front vehicle, showing it enter and proceed through the intersection. Field experimental results obtained in the system, the following conclusions. The three measures of effectiveness investigated were recognition rate 83.5, mis-match recognition rate 1.5%.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.655-668
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• 2018

This paper analyzes the applicability and technology level of the green building element technology by analyzing the scorecard of the LEED Canada certified buildings. The results of this analysis will be able to evaluate the current status and level of application of green building element technology, and it will be used as a basic data to prepare for the revision of the certification standards and the establishment of strategies for the future green building activation. In this study, 1,010 LEED Canada certified buildings from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed. The results were analyzed by focusing on the status of greening by certification category and the characteristics of adoption by sub-category. The results of the study are summarized as follows. (1) EA category showed the biggest difference between the certification scores and the adoption rates than other categories, and it was confirmed that it is not easy category from the viewpoint of practical adoption. On the other hand, the ID (Innovation & Design Process) and WE were analyzed to be relatively easy to apply, with a score of over 72%. (2) In the case of Platinum class, the upper adoption rate is shown in all categories except MR. The Gold class shows the adoption rate of WE and ID in the top, and the middle rate in most categories. Silver grades showed lower rates in the three categories except WE, ID and EQ. Certified grades showed the adoption rates of the bottom except the two categories.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.111-125
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• 2010

There is a growing interest in "smart grid" technology, especially after the government recently announced "low-carbon green-growth industry" project. A smart grid uses "smart meters", which can be deployed in any power-consuming places like homes and factories. It has been shown that smart meters have several security weaknesses. There is, however, no protection profile available for smart meters, which means that safety with using them is not guaranteed at all. This paper analyzes vulnerabilities of smart meters and the relevant attack methods, thereby deriving the security functions and requirements for smart meters. Finally, we propose a protection profile based on Common Criterion v3.l for smart meters.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.360-360
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• 2022

토양수분과 유출 간 관계를 정량화하는 것은 수문 기작 및 유출 발생 과정의 이해를 위한 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 특히, 유출과정의 특성화는 수문 사상에 따른 불포화대 내 토양수 및 토사 손실 제어와 산사태 및 비점오염원 발생 예측을 위해 필수적이다. 유출과정과 관련된 비선형성과 복잡성을 확인하기 위해 토양수분과 유출 사이의 이력 거동이 조사되었다. 특히, 수문 과정 내 이력 현상 구체화를 위해 정성적인 시각적 분류 및 정량적 평가를 위한 이력 지수들이 개발되었다. 정성적인 시각적 분류는 시간에 따라 시계 및 반시계방향으로 다중 루프 형상을 나누는 방식으로 진행되었고, 정량적 평가의 경우 이력 고리(Hysteretic loop) 내 상승 고리(Rising limb)와 하강 고리(Falling limb)의 차이를 기준으로 한 지수로 이력 현상을 특성화하였다. 이전에 제안된 방법론들은 연구자의 판단이 들어가기 때문에 보편적이지 않고 이력 현상을 개발된 지수에 맞춤에 따라 자료 손실이 나타나는 한계가 존재한다. 자료의 손실 없이 불포화대 내 발생 가능한 대표 이력 현상을 자동으로 추출하기 위해 적합한 비지도 학습기반 기계학습 방법론의 제안이 필요하다. 우리 연구에서는 국내 산지 사면에서 강우 사상 동안 다중 깊이(10, 30, 60cm)로 56개의 토양수분 측정지점에서 확보된 토양수분 시계열 자료와 산지 사면 내 위어를 통해 확보된 유출 시계열 자료를 사용하였다. 먼저, 기존에 분류 방법을 기반으로 계절 및 공간특성에 따라 지배적으로 발생하는 토양수분-유출 간 이력 현상을 특성화하였다. 다음으로, 토양수분-유출 간 이력 패턴을 자료 손실 없이 형상화하여 자동으로 데이터베이스화하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 마지막으로, 비지도 학습방법을 이용하여 데이터베이스화된 실제 발현 이력 현상 내 확률분포를 최대한 가깝게 추정하는 은닉층을 반복적인 재구성 학습을 통해 구현함으로써 대표 이력 현상 패턴을 추출하였다.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.259-273
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• 2024

In this study, 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China from 2011 to 2021 were taken as the research objects, and the super-SBM model was used to measure the regional eco-efficiency with capital, labor, land and resource input as input variables, GDP and green coverage as the desirable outputs, and wastewater, waste gas and solid waste emissions as the undesired outputs. Tobit regression was used to analyze the effects of external environmental factors on eco-efficiency. The results showed that the average level of eco-efficiency in China was low, and the eco-efficiency in the eastern region was higher than that in other regions, and there were great differences in the western, northeast and central regions.