• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2023

Conventionally, the seeds of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Steud. have been directly sown at the field without using the plug seedling method. Plug seedlings have the advantage of promoting germination and convenient transplanting. However, there is little information about propagation of R. glutinosa using the plug seedling method. This study was conducted to investigate the optimal seed rhizome length, diameter, and sowing direction of R. glutinosa for establishing the plug seedling method. Seed rhizome length and diameter were separated by 1, 2, 3 cm and 0.3-0.5, 0.6-1.0, 1.1-1.5 cm, respectively. And seed rhizomes were sown in vertical and horizontal directions. The survival rate in 1 cm length of seed rhizomes was lower than in other treatments. The leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, SPAD, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights of shoot and roots were the greatest in 3 cm length of seed rhizomes. As the seed rhizome diameter decreased, the growth characteristics of R. glutinosa tended to increase. When R. glutinosa was sown horizontal direction, the leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, and leaf area were significantly higher than in the vertical direction. In conclusion, when sowing seed rhizome in a plug tray, using a length of 3 cm, a diameter of less than 1 cm, and sowing in a horizontal direction is considered an appropriate sowing method for R. glutinosa.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.69-69
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• 2020

소엽(Perilla frutescens var. acuta)은 흔히 차조기, 자소엽 등으로 불리며, 식재료나 약재로 이용된다. 최근 들어 자소엽을 향장 원료로 활용하고자 하는 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 유기자재 처리를 통해 향장원료 자소엽의 고품질 생산을 위하여 본 시험을 실시하였다. 전북 농업기술원 허브산채시험장에서 육묘한 종묘를 2020년 5월 노지 포장에 주간 간격 50cm 한줄 재배로 정식하였다. 처리는 규산염(성분량 20%), 키토산(성분량 5%)가 함유된 자재를 각각 500배, 1,000배 희석하여 6월 21일, 8월 3일, 8월 23일 총 3회에 걸쳐 압축 분무기를 이용해 작물이 충분히 적셔지도록 살포하였으며, 무처리구는 물을 살포하였다. 초장, 초폭, SPAD, 생체중, 건물중을 조사하였으며 잎과 꽃의 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, FRAP(철환원 항산화력) 활성 ABTS+ 라디칼 저해활성을 측정하였다. 생육특성 중 초장과 초폭은 처리간 유의성은 없었으나 무처리, 규산염 500배, 키토산 1,000배 처리에서 대체로 높았으며, SPAD는 키토산 1,000배가 가장 양호하였다. 수량성은 모든 자재 처리구가 무처리구보다 많았으며, 지상부 생체중은 무처리 대비 키토산 1,000배는 14.1%, 건물중은 무처리 대비 11.9%로 키토산 1,000배 처리가 수량성이 가장 많았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 꽃보다 잎에서 더 높은 수치로 나타났으며, 잎의 폴리페놀 함량은 규산염 500배 처리에서 가장 많았다. 꽃은 1,000배 처리에서 가장 높았다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 꽃이 잎보다 높았으며, 잎은 규산염 500배 처리, 꽃은 키토산 1,000배 처리에서 함량이 가장 많았다. FRAP 활성은 잎의 경우 규산염 500배 처리에서 높았으며, 꽃의 FRAP 활성은 키토산 1,000배에서 좋았으나 처리 간의 차이는 크지 않았다. 자소엽 잎의 ABTS+ 라디칼 저해 활성은 규산염 500배 처리에서 가장 높았으며, 꽃은 경우 무처리에 비하여 자재 처리가 높았으며, 500배보다 1,000배 처리에서 높은 라디칼 저해 활성을 보였다. 이상의 결과, 자소엽 유기자재 처리는 무처리보다 대체로 수량성과 항산화 활성이 높았으나 추가적으로 적정농도 구명 후 경제성 분석이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.69-69
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• 2020

식물체가 건조 스트레스를 받으면 각 기관 물질 생산의 변이, 분화 및 발달 억제를 통해서 식물의 생산활동을 현저히 저하시켜, 식물의 생장, 형태, 개체발생 및 대사생리에 영향을 미치는 것으로 연구되어 왔다. 최근 기후 온난화로 인해 온도가 점진적으로 상승하고 가뭄과 같은 이상기상이 빈번하게 발생함에 따라 많은 노지 작물의 농업 생산성이 약화되고 있다. 배추는 우리나라의 대표적인 식품 중 하나인 김치의 주재료로 연중 안정적인 생산과 공급이 필요시 되지만, 배추의 경우 건조 조건에서 엽육조직의 붕괴와 같은 생리장해가 발생되기 때문에 최근 발생되고 있는 이상 기후의 영향으로 안정적인 생산이 어려워지고 있는 실정이다. 하지만, 배추에서는 이상 기후에 대응이 가능한 내건성 품종의 육성을 위한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 내건성이 높은 배추 개발을 위한 기초소재를 찾는 것을 목적으로 농촌진흥청 유전자원센터에서 보존하고 있는 재래종 배추 30계통을 분양받아 강릉원주대학교 생명과학대학 내의 조직배양실을 이용하여 연구를 수행하였다. 배지는 Tissue Culture Square Dish(125×125×20mm)에 Agar를 녹여 40ml씩 분주하여 고체배지를 조성한 후, 건조 처리구 Polyrthylene glycol 6000(PEG) 0%(Control), 20%(Mild Stress), 30%(Severe Stress)를 설정하여 60ml씩 추가 분주하여 배양기 28℃에서 15시간 처리를 하였다. 분양받은 각 계통의 종자는 1% 차아염소산 나트륨으로 10분간 종자표면을 살균한 후, 5번 정도 멸균수로 헹군 후, 표면 살균한 재래종 종자를 고체배지 시험관에 6립씩 치상하였다. 식물체 생육은 각 처리구별 3반복으로 하였으며 주간 12시간 주기, 광도 2,400Lux, 온도 20℃의 조직배양실에서 치상 후 7일간 생육하였다. 치상 후 7일간 생육시킨 식물체를 채취하여 지상부생체중, 지하부 생체중, 뿌리 길이를 측정하였으며, 지상부와 지하부로 나누어 50℃에서 72시간 건조시킨 후, 건물 생산량을 조사하였다. 본 실험 결과 건조 처리(PEG-6000)는 배추의 생장을 저해하였지만, 생육 저해 정도는 계통간의 차이가 있는 것을 관찰할 수 있었으며 무처리구와 스트레스 처리구간의 생장량 변화 정도를 기반으로 군집분석을 수행한 결과 'IT110483'과 'IT104903' 계통이 실험에 공시된 계통들 중 상대적으로 강한 건조 내성을 가진 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, 재래종 배추 계통 중 일부는 건조내성이 강한 새로운 배추 품종을 육성하는데 있어 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to increase aromatics in roots of Condonopsis lanceolata by applications of organic matters. Fresh root wt. was increased by conifer/moss application to 79.1g per plant. Crude protein content was also higher at rice straw application than native soil application and crude saponin content was increased by conifer/moss application, but contents of crude fat, fiber and ash were not different in all treatments. Although contents of K, Ca, and Mg were increased by rice straw application, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na and Cu were not significantly different in all treatments, The highest free amino acid was arginine, it was increased by the application of fallen leaves and the highest yield (0,008%) of essential oils was obtained by conifer/moss application. As a result, to produce C. lanceolata plant showing higher quality and aromatic essential oils, it was considered that the most effective organic matter showing high yield and higher aromatic constituents was conifer/moss application of over 3M/T per 10a.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.172-180
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• 1993

Chemical properties of the soils were surveyed in the field of vinyl houses concentrated in the area of Bunpyong-dong and Shinchon-dong of Cheongju, Chilgeum-dong of Chungju and Gageum-myeon of Jungweon-gun. Chungcheongbuk-do province. 1. Content of chemical component of the soil in the vinyl house was higher than in open field. In more than half of the vinyl house soils surveyed, electric conductivity was more than 4.0 mmhos/cm and available phosphate was more than 1,000ppm. 2. Contents of availble phosphate and exchangeable potassium were increased with years of cultivation and their content of accumulation in soil were in the order of Bunpyong-dong>Shinchon-dong>Gageum-myeon>Chilgeum-dong. While their mobility was comparatively low. 3. $NO_3$-N content was remarkably higher in vinyl house soil and the older in cultivation made $NO_3$-N content higher same as the case of available phosphate content. However easy leaching of $NO_3$-N through soil profile is expected due to the fact that $NO_3$-N content was rapidly decreased by removal of polyethylene film cover from the frame of house after harvest of crops. 4. It is a tendency that various chemical contents of vinyl house soils wer higher in 1992 than in 1988~1990, especially much higher from the area of Bunpyong-dong and Shinchon-dong of Cheongju. 5. Salt accumulation in vinyl house soil has been increased with continuing cultivation. Therefore amount of fertilizer application should be controlled in order to avoid salt toxicity, quality deterioration for crop and salt contamination of ground water.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 2010

The objective of this experiment was determined to investigate the effect of the planting ratio of Male Sterility (MS) to Restorer Line (RL) and harvesting time on fatty acid compositions under $F_1$ seed production of Brassica napus L. For rapeseed seed production, two experiments were conducted in the open fields. One experiment studied planting ratios of MS to RL (4:2, 10:2, or 10:1) were planted and investigated fatty acid composition at 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 days after flowering, the other $F_2$ seeds were analyzed on fatty acid compositions of harvested seeds at five sequential stages. The results showed that fatty acid compositions of developing seeds were influenced by MS:RL planting ratios and $F_2$ hybrid treatments and contaminated level of fatty acid compositions, erucic acid, were unaffected by planting ratio of MS to RL. Fatty acid compositions such as palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2) contents decreased during seed maturation period in $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ experiments. In contrast, oleic acid (C18:1) content relatively increased up to 55days after flowering. At day 60 after flowering, oleic acid content was unaffected by MS:RL planting ratios and $F_2$ seeds treatments. Aspects of related gene expression of fatty acid synthesis such as SAD, FAD1 and FAD2 were followed exactly to changes of fatty acid composition during seed maturation. These results suggest that MS ratio may be enlarged and RL may be reduced, indicating this ratio will be useful for rape seed production.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the impact of elevated temperature in growing season on the growth and fruit quality of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by cultivating pepper in the temperature gradient tunnels. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and total leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight increased at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature, whereas each leaf area decreased as temperature increased. The plants grown under ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature showed the greatest number of flower and fruit. Fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter decreased as the temperature increasing gradually. Total fruit number, total fruit weight and total dry fruit weight was the highest at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature. Major free sugars of red pepper fruit were fructose and glucose. Free sugar content of red pepper according to the differences in harvesting times and in growth temperature showed a little differences. The yield of red pepper fruit at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature increased by 13% compared with the control. However, the yield of red pepper fruit at ambient $+4^{\circ}C$ temperature decreased by 20% as compared to control. Non-marketable fruits (diseased fruit, malformed fruit and small sized fruit) increased as the temperature rised.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate crop growth responses under various rain shelters which were devised to improve the indoor environment in summer season. For developing the proper type of rain shelter, the improved rain shelters with the roof of saw - tooth type(saw-tooth type) and 3 span-arch type(improved arch type) were compared with the conventional one with the roof of single arch type(conventional arch type) and no rain shelter (open field ). The results were summarized as follows ; 1. The air temperature in the improved arch type was 4$^{\circ}C$ and 1$^{\circ}C$ lower than those in the conventional arch type and the saw - tooth type, respectively. 2. The air temperature drop by the evaporative cooling + improved drainage was 1.3$^{\circ}C$ which was 0.9$^{\circ}C$lower than that by the improved drainage only. 3. The effect of labour saving in the saw-tooth type was superior to any other type because its frames were used as props and the labour for ventilation was not needed. 4. The highest marketable yield of tomato was 4,897kg/10a in the improved arch type and the total leaf areas which related to photosynthesis was the largest in the saw - tooth type. 5. The improved arch type was proved to be proper to raise yield potential. The effect of the underground environment treatment on the quality and quantity of vegetable showed to be outstanding in the saw- tooth type with the evaporative cooling + improved drainage, and in the improved and conventional arch type with the trickle improved drainage. 6. In conclusion, the saw - tooth type and the improved arch type were proved to be labour saving rain shelters and the indoor environments in both types were better than that in the conventional arch type.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.183-189
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• 2017

This study investigated the synergistic effect of single inoculation and co-inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Burkholderia metallica JH-7 and Burkholderia contaminans JH-15. Phosphate-solubilizing abilities of these strains were assessed by measuring phosphorus content in culture media that were singly inoculated or co-inoculated with these strains for 7 days. B. metallica JH-7 was found to release the highest content of soluble phosphorus ($140.80{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ ) into the medium, followed by single inoculation of B. contaminans JH-15 ($135.95{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ ) and co-inoculation of two strains ($134.84{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ ). The highest pH reduction, organic acid production, and glucose consumption were observed in the medium inoculated with B. metallica JH-7 alone compared with that in the medium co-inoculated with both the strains. Results of a plant growth promotion bioassay showed 17.4% and 7.48% higher leaf and root growth, respectively, in romaine lettuce inoculated with B. metallica JH-7 alone than in romaine lettuce inoculated with a control strain. However, no significant difference was observed between single inoculation and co-inoculation of these strains with respect to phosphorus release and plant growth. Although the results of the present study did not show the synergistic effect of phosphate solubilization by the PSB strains examined, these results indicate that treatment with PSB exerts a beneficial effect on crop growth.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

Excessive application of nutrient supplement on the upland soil may increase the amount of discharge to surrounding water systems. The chemical fertilizer (CF), cow manure compost (CMC), and pig manure compost (PMC) are used as a nutrient supplement for cultivation of red pepper. Rice straws are widely used as a soil covering material in order to reduce weed occurrence, to protect soil moisture, and to supply organic matter in upland soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the furrow covering effect with rice straw on nutrient discharge in upland soil used for red pepper cultivation. The experimental plots of nutrient supplement were consisted of CF, CMC, and PMC and the amount of nutrient application were as recommended amount after soil test for red pepper cultivation. Each nutrient supplement treatment plot has no furrow covering (CFC) as a control and furrow covering with rice straw (FCS), respectively. Furrow covering with rice straw (FCS) of CF treatment and CMC treatment reduced the amount of T-N(total nitrogen) discharge by $1.4kg\;ha^{-1}$, $2.1kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, compared to control. While the amount of T-P(total phosphorus) discharge of the furrow covering with rice straw of CF, CMC, and PMC increased by $2.1kg\;ha^{-1}$, $2.1kg\;ha^{-1}$, and $0.2kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, compared to control. The phosphorus and nitrogen content of straw were 0.4 % and 0.3 % respectively. In addition, in three week the phosphorus was eluted from the straw which soaked in distilled water. Thus, it was assumed that T-P discharging originated from rice straw which applied as a furrow covering material. The furrow covering with rice straw reduced weed occurrence compared to control. But production of fresh red pepper was not influenced significantly by furrow covering with rice straw. In conclusion, excessive furrow covering with rice straw could induce T-P discharge from upland soil used for red pepper cultivation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate amount of rice straw as a furrow covering material.