• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6D
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• pp.859-869
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• 2008

These days, almost every industry's production line has become automatic and this phenomenon brought a lot of benefits such as increase in productivity and economical effect, assurance in industrial safety, better quality and compatibility. However, unlike industrial production line, in construction industry, automation has number of barriers like uncertainty incidents and intellectual judgment to make ability to make solution out of it. Therefore construction industry is still demanding use of construction machine through labor. Due to this matter operational labor in construction industry is aging and fading. To solve these problem, in developed nations like Europe, US or Japan are keep researching for the automation in construction and road pavement, strengthening and some other simple operations have been worked through automation but in civil engineering site, automation research is still low despite of its importance in constructional site. For automating civil engineering operation, effective operational plan have to be set by analyzing ground information acquainted. If skillful worker apply heuristics, trial & error can be reduced with increased safety and the effective work plan can be established. Hence, this research will introduce Intellectual Task Planning System for Intelligent Excavating System's effective work plan and heuristics applied in each steps.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2022

저수지 운영자료는 다목적 댐 경우와 마찬가지로, 유입량, 저수량, 방류량 자료로 구성된다. 여기에 강우량을 포함하여, 실시간으로 관리돼야 한다. 그러나 우리나라 저수지는 저수율 자료만 관리하고 있다. 유입량, 방류량이 없는 것이 아니고 관리를 하지 않는다. 강우량은 전혀 없다. 큰 문제인데, 아직도 그 심각성을 모르고, 대충하면 되는 줄 알고 있다. 가장 기초가 되는 일을 무시하고 물관리를 하고 있는 상황이고, 누구도 그 신뢰성을 믿지 않고 있다. 여기서는 이를 해결하는 방안으로 준 실시간 물수지 모형을 구축하여, 10분 단위, 30분 단위, 1시간 단위로 저수위, 저수량, 유입량, 방류량, 강우량을 연속하여 생산하고 검증하는 체제를 제시한다. 준 실시간의 뜻은 계산에 의하지 않고 유입량을 모의에 의해 적용하고 검증하는 과정이 필요하여, 실시간 보다 하루 이틀 늦게 자료를 생산한다는 의미다. 대상 저수지는 유역 내 강우량 수집이 가능한 유역면적 218.80km², 유효저수량 3,494만m³, 수혜면적 5,117 ha인 탑정지를 선정했다. 탑정지 방류량은 탑정1(폭 7.5m×높이 1.5m), 탑정2(4m×1.6m), 양수장(3m×1.6m) 수로로 관개용수 공급량과, 9연의 수문(9m×7.5m)으로 홍수기 방류량으로 구성된다. 분석기간은 1월1일부터 1시간 단위로 연속하여 기간은 자유롭게 설정하여 검정하는 체제를 갖추고 검증된 결과를 제시토록 했다. 2021년 9월의 1시간 단위의 탑정지 저수지 물수지 모의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 탑정지 유역의 환경부 관리 장선, 양촌, 연산 관측소의 면적우량은 최대 15.3mm, 총 160.4mm(3,510만m³)였고, ONE 모형에 의해 연속유량을 모의한 결과, 유입량은 최대 35.6m³/s, 총 1,464만m³로 유출률 41.7%였다. 둘째, 탑정1, 탑정2, 양수장 수로의 수위자료에 수위-유량 관계식을 적용해 수로유량을 산정한 결과 합하여 최대 16.8m³/s였고, 총 548만m³였으며, 수문 방류량은 최대 20.0m³/s였고, 총 108만m³였다. 셋째, 저수지 수위는 관측수위는 EL.28.21~29.38m, 평균 EL.28.87m, 모의수위는 EL.28.08~29.62m, 평균 EL.28.80m로 나타났고, R²는 0.910로 만족한 결과를 얻었다. 정리하면 저수지 운영자료가 없는데도, 10분, 1시간 단위로 연속으로 유입량, 저수량을 모의하여 관측저수량과 비교한 결과가 괄목할 신뢰도를 나타냈다. 이를 바탕으로 저수량, 유입량, 방류량, 강우량 등 준 실시간 저수지 운영자료 생산체제를 마련한 것으로 결론을 내렸다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.141-178
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• 2012

Although the rate of self-employment is high in Korean labor market and the rate gap between age groups is high, few studies have addressed on the effects of push factors on transition into self-employment across age groups. The goal of this research is to determine if push factors exert different effects on the self-employment decisions across age groups. There is interest in testing push hypothesis and pull hypothesis. The Korean Labor and Income Panel Study wave 6~11 is used to test this study's hypothesis. The main contribution of the paper is that in case of high unemployment, the probability of transition into self-employment increases. It is consistent with the push hypothesis. Many people are forced to become self-employed person due to the high rate of unemployment and limited occupational choice rather than the role of entrepreneurship. By age subgroup, the transition into self-employment of the ages of 30 and 49 is high. In addition, people at 40-49 years of age are more likely to become self-employed as a response of inadequate job opportunities. It provides the evidence that the self-employment is not a matter of special age group in that people in the 30 to 49 year old age group whose economic activities are vigorous move into marginalized labor market. Furthermore, it seems to be threatened the employment's stability of the prime age in that even people who are age 40-49 years of age are pushed into self-employment because of the recession.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.319-344
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• 2012

This study decomposed Concentration Index(CI) and Hiwv Index(HI) of medical care utilization by subgroups: sex, age group, and region. CI and HI were decomposed into "the between group" component, "within group" component, and a residual. The results of analysis are summarized as follows; First, there was no influence of sex on the equity of medical care utilization measured by the numbers of visiting clinic. However, "within group" component of female explained .0441 among HI, .1035. This means that poor women's underutilization of medical care is the important factor in determining its degree of equity. Second, age groups had a decisive effect on the equity of medical care utilization measured by the numbers of visiting clinic. they explained -.0085 among HI, -.0170. Third, internal equality within elderly group was the most important factor in determining HI measured by the medical care cost. Finally, "within group" component of urban area explained .0535 amomg HI, ,1035 measured by medical care cost. This indicated that the urban poor's underutilization of medical care was very important factor in explaining its degree of equity. There was the poor's underutilization of medical care within the groups as female, the elderly, and urban areas. This significantly explained the equity of medical care costs.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.9-17
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• 2023

The development of information and communication technology and the improvement of the development and dissemination of smart devices have caused changes in the form of tourism, and the concept of smart tourism has since emerged. In this regard, researches related to smart tourism has been conducted in various fields such as policy implementation and surveys, but there is a lack of research on application reviews. This study collects Trip Advisor application review data in the Google Play Store to identify usage of the application and user satisfaction through Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling. The analysis results in four topics, two of which are positive and the other two are negative. We found that users were satisfied with the application's recommendation system, but were dissatisfied when the filters they set during search were not applied or that reviews were not published after updates of the application. We suggest more categories can be added to the application to provide users with different experiences. In addition, it is expected that user satisfaction can be improved by identifying problems within the application, including the filter function, and checking the application environment and resolving the error occurring during the application usage.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.45-51
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• 2023

Voice issues such as voice weakness that arise with age can have social and emotional impacts, potentially leading to feelings of isolation and depression. This study aimed to investigate the changes in acoustic characteristics resulting from aging, focusing on voice quality and spoken fluency. To this end, tasks involving sustained vowel phonation and paragraph reading were recorded for 20 elderly and 20 young participants. Voice-quality-related variables, including F0, jitter, shimmer, and Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPP) values, were analyzed along with speech-fluency-related variables, such as average syllable duration (ASD), articulation rate (AR), and speech rate (SR). The results showed that in voice quality-related measurements, F0 was higher for the elderly and voice quality was diminished, as indicated by increased jitter, shimmer, and lower CPP levels. Speech fluency analysis also demonstrated that the elderly spoke more slowly, as indicated by all ASD, AR, and SR measurements. Correlation analysis between voice quality and speech fluency showed a significant relationship between shimmer and CPP values and between ASD and SR values. This suggests that changes in spoken fluency can be identified early by measuring the variations in voice quality. This study further highlights the reciprocal relationship between voice quality and spoken fluency, emphasizing that deterioration in one can affect the other.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.137-146
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• 2024

The pertinent Korean Industrial Standard (KS F) requires that rocks dried at 105 ± 5℃ be taken out of the oven into air and weighed on a scale. However, when rocks are exposed to air after the drying process, they absorb moisture, meaning that their weight will increase. In this study, eight cubic samples of Hwangdeung granite of different sizes were used to measure and compare the dry weight. The dry singularity weight measured in air was smaller than that measured in the drying oven. The difference in dry weight showed a positive correlation with sample size. Conversely, the difference in dry weight per unit weight of rock showed a negative correlation with sample size. The weight of a rock sample exposed to air is determined by the magnitude of the influence of convection currents occurring around the heated rock and the influence of moisture absorption in air. A singularity occurs when the magnitudes of these two effects are equal. The larger the rock sample, the longer the time taken for the singularity to occur, the greater the weight loss of the sample, and the longer the time taken for the sample to return to the initially measured weight on account of the greater moisture absorption for larger samples than smaller samples. In the future, research into the singularity and dry weights measured inside the drying oven will help to identify and address the limitations of the current KS F testing regulations.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2024

Recently, agricultural methods are changing from experience-based agriculture to data-based agriculture. Changes in agricultural production due to the 4th Industrial Revolution are largely occurring in three areas: smart sensing and monitoring, smart analysis and planning, and smart control. In order to realize open-field smart agriculture, information on the physical and chemical properties of soil is essential. Conventional physicochemical measurements are conducted in a laboratory after collecting samples, which consumes a lot of cost, labor, and time, so they are quickly measured in the field. Measurement technology that can do this is urgently needed. In addition, a soil analysis system that can be carried and moved by the measurer and used in Korea's rice fields, fields, and facility houses is needed. To solve this problem, our goal is to develop and commercialize software that can collect soil samples and analyze the information. In this study, basic soil composition measurement was conducted using soil composition measurement sensors consisting of hardness measurement and electrode sensors. Through future research, we plan to develop a system that applies soil sampling using a CCD camera, ultrasonic sensor, and sampler. Therefore, we implemented a sensor and soil analysis UI that can measure and analyze the soil condition in real time, such as hardness measurement display using a load cell and moisture, PH, and EC measurement display using conductivity.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 1995

Family is a primary unit of the major socialization processing for children. Parents among the family members are one of the most important figures from whom the child and adolescent acquire a wide variety of behavior patterns, attitudes, values and norms. An organization of family members product family structural functioning. Abnormal family structure is one of the most important reference models in the learning of antisocial patterns of behavior. Therefore incest and child sexual abuse including spouse abuse, elderly abuse, and neglect occurs in the abnormal family structural setting. In particular, incest, a specific form of sexual abuse, was once thought to be a phenomenon of great rarity, but our clinical experiences, especially over the past decade, have made us aware that incest and child sexual abuse is not rare case and on the increasing trend. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the family problem and dynamics of incest family, and character pattern of post-incest adolescent victim in Korea. A total of 1,838 adolescents from middle and high school(1,237) and juvenile correctional institute(601) were studied, sampled from Korean student population and adolescent delinquent population confined in juvenile correctional institutes, using proportional stratified random sampling method. The subjects' ages ranged from 12 to 21 years. Data were collected through questionnaire survey. Data analysis was done by IBM PC of Behavior Science Center at the Korea university, using SAS program. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square, principal component analysis and t-test etc. The results of this study were as follows ; 1) Of 1,071 subjects, 40(3.7%) reported incest experiences(sibling incest : 1.6% ; another type of incest : 2.1%) in their family setting. 2) The character pattern of post-incest adolescent victim was more socially maladjusted, immature, impulsive, rigid, anxious and dependent than non-incest adolescent. Also they showed some problem in academic performance and their assertiveness. 3) The other family members of incest family revealed more psychological and behavioral problem such as depression, alcoholism, psychotic disorder and criminal act than the non-incest family, even though there is no evidence of the context between them. 4) The family dynamics of incest family tended to be dysfunctional trend, as compared with non-incest family. It showed that the psychological instability of family member, parental rejection toward their children, coldness and indifference among family member and marital discordance between the parents had significant correlation with incest.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2017

This study is related to a lamellar liquid crystal make-up cleansing formulation with a hologram-like unique appearance between two polarizing plates. Make-up cleansing formulations with a lamellar liquid crystal phase have been extensively studied for a long time, but there have been limitations in practical commercialization because of increasing turbidity and viscosity. In this study, to solve this problem, alkyl chains of surfactants were modified to increase the fluidity of the liquid crystal phase, and electrostatic repulsion force was increased by introducing anionic surfactant. The lamellar liquid crystal make-up cleansing formulation which introduced anionic surfactants can easily inhibit crystallization through electrostatic repulsion force, thereby showing excellent stability overtime, maintaining transparent appearance and viscosity. In addition, we have newly introduced an in vitro cleansing evaluation method using fluorescent material and in vivo imaging system (IVIS) for objective and quantitative cleansing ability evaluation. The excellent cleansing ability of lamellar liquid crystal cleansing formulation has been confirmed by newly developed evaluation method. On the other hand, when lamellar liquid crystal make-up cleansing formulation was placed between orthogonally arranged two polarizing plates, a specific pattern like a hologram can be observed. This phenomenon is presumably interpreted as the interference between the visible light passing through the liquid crystal formulation and the lamellar structure. The lamellar structure of cleansing formulation was confirmed by SAXS analysis, exhibiting Bragg spacing ratio of 1 : 2. The lamellar liquid crystal make-up cleansing formulation prepared in this study would be useful for future application in make-up cleansing due to its excellent stability, cleansing ability, and unique hologram-like pattern placed between two polarizing plates.