• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.188-195
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of aromatherapy on stress using meta-analysis. Methods: Meta-analysis was done with 21 published studies, and data were analyzed with the SAS 9.1 program. Results: Fifty eight effect size was estimated with data from 21 published studies. Overall mean effect size (ES), and mean effect size of dependence variables according to the type of intervention and subject and according to the total amount of time spent in aromatherapy were estimated. Overall mean effect size of the effects of aromatherapy was .593, and the subjective stress (.983) was most effective in the physiological faculty, followed by mean effect size of cortisol (.648) and pulse (.40). On the other hand, mean effect size of systolic blood pressure (.490) was moderate, and that of diastolic blood pressure (.401) was not large. Mean effect size of elderly (.706) cancer patients was considerable(.337). There were significant differences depending on the subjects. With regards to the types of aromatherapy, the effect size of aroma massage combined with inhalation therapy was .590, and there were no significant differences between the intervention methods. With regards to the time of intervention, $20{\sim}30$ minutes spent in aromatherapy was .730, and there were no significant differences between the times of intervention. The relationship between the effect size and intervention frequency was r=.349 and showed significant difference. Conclusion: This result suggests that aromatherapy is an effective intervention to reduce stress for subjects. Nursing intervention protocol by using aromatherapy should be developed and applied in clinical and community settings. Further studies on the effects of aromatherapy on stress should be done by using meta-analysis.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.45-57
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• 1996

A serious disease in a family influences the entire family member given the fact that the members closely interact with each other. Especially in terms of pediatric nursing, study on family gains importance as the need to care of families whose children with developmental disabilities and chronic disease This study was done based on The Resiliency Model of Family Adjustment and Adaptation(McCubbin, 1991) is intended to examine the stress of parents whose children suffer from cleft lip or /and cleft palate. It also helps them to cope with the stress and analyze the relationship between the stress and coping This study used Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes (FILE) and Coping Health Inventory for Parents(CHIP) for measuring family stress and coping. The two instruments are revised to fit the social and cultural environment of Korean culture. Data collection was done from April 18, 1996 to May 18, 1996 at 8 University medical centers located in Seoul. Those who answered questionnaires were 84 parents whose children have cleft lip or /and cleft palate. SPSS PC+ was used to analyze the data collotted. Programs used for data analysis were t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient. The study is summarized as follows .1. The average score of family stress is 10.46(percentage of the full score 24.90) and 'finance and business strains'(3.25), and 'intrafamily strains'(2.65) ranked the highest. The average score of family's coping is 1.93, which is close to the answer of' moderately helpful' and they are measured to put their utmost efforts to' intergration and cooperation of family and optimistic definition on the situation'. 2. There is no significant statistical correlation between the family stress and coping. 3. Mothers show more stress than fathers in the parts of 'illness and family care strains' and 'losses'(t〓-2.34, t〓-2.32, p<.05). 4. Fathers show more willingness to cope with the stress than mothers do in the parts of' seeking social support','self-esteem','emotional comfort' 5. Mothers are more stress than fathers in the parts of family stress and its coping with it by usual traits(t〓-2.78, p<.05). Parents with religion are measured to cope more willingly than those who are not 6. Income of a family shows positive correlationship with family coping (r〓.28, p<.05). The study shows that gender difference is significant variable in studying on family stress and coping. Mothers get more stress than fathers, which has much to do with the fact that they are in charge of raising children and keeping houseworks. Accordingly, managing family crisis and its survival can be induced by giving support for the mothers, studying fathers including the rest of the family members and giving nursing care and arbitration ; religious background is also considered to be one of the important factors in family stress , judging from the relationship between family income and family's coping, caring given to suffering children is needed on societal levels. The above considerations bring up the need to have a longitudinal study of children with congenital anomaly including cleft lip or /and cleft palate and their families about family stress and coping. Resiliency programs on family system and their effectiveness and the relationship between the enlarged families with social and cultural values reflecting Korean tradition are also needed to be studied.