• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.06d
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• pp.229-233
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• 2007

VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol)란 음성 데이터를 IP 데이터그램 방식으로 기존 인터넷망을 통해 전달해 주는 기술을 말한다. 기존 인터넷망을 이용하여 음성 데이터를 전달해 줌으로써 기존의 음성 전화 서비스에서 사용되던 회선비용을 크게 절감할 수 있다는 점은 VoIP의 장점 중 하나이다. 그런데 VoIP를 기존의 인터넷망에 그대로 적용하기에는 VoIP에서 사용되는 프로토콜의 특성으로 인해 어려움이 따르게 된다. 즉, 기존의 인터넷망에서 사용되고 있는 방화벽과 NAT(Network Address Translator)장비는 보안을 위해서는 필수적인 요소들 이지만, VoIP의 통신 입장에서는 음성 데이터의 원활한 통신을 방해하는 요소로 작용을 하게 된다. 이러한 문제는 VoIP 통신에 사용되는 시그널링 프로토콜인 H.323과 SIP 프로토콜의 연결 설정과 데이터 전송에 사용되는 동작 방식이 방화벽과 NAT장비의 기능에 충돌하는 점 때문에 발생하게 된다. 따라서 기존의 인터넷망을 그대로 사용하면서 VoIP의 통신이 원활하게 이루어지도록 하기 위해서는 이러한 문제의 해결이 반드시 이루어져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 기존에 Firewall/NAT Traversal 문제 해결을 위해 연구되던 기법들에 대해 살펴보고, 새로운 구조를 제시한다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 2015

This study evaluated the effect of the therapeutic methods between vocal function exercise(VFE), which has been used for the patients with presbyphonia in the precedent studies and laryngeal calibration technique($SKLCT^{(R)}$), which is designed by the author. We identified 58 patients who was been diagnosed as presbylaryngis by laryngoscopic examinations. 21 patients were underwent voice therapy using $SKLCT^{(R)}$, 20 patients were taken VFE, and the control group of 17 patients were not taken any voice therapy. All subjects received the therapy, ranging from seven to nine sessions, and were evaluated the voice change on pretherapy and posttherapy. The grade of hoarseness, roughness, and breathiness voice were reduced on perceptual judgments after $SKLCT^{(R)}$, but only grade of hoarseness was reduced after the VFE. Jitter, Shimmer, NHR were reduced and MPT were increased after the $SKLCT^{(R)}$(p<.05), while Jitter and SFF were reduced after the VFE. Frequency and intensity range were increased significantly on the posttest performance after taking voice therapy by the $SKLCT^{(R)}$, on the other hand only intensity range was increased after VFE. Especially, we can find the significant change that glottic gap and supraglottic compressions was reduced in most of patients after the $SKLCT^{(R)}$, but there's no changes in the group of VFE and control group. In the study, we can suggest that the $SKLCT^{(R)}$ may be useful in improving the voice qualities and laryngeal function of presbyphonia.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2010

The This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the voice therapy we operated to the patients with age-related dysphonia. Thirty four participants who were diagnosed as age-related dysphonia in laryngoscopic finding from January, 2009 to December, 2009 completed the study. The participants were aged from 60 to 82 years old with a mean age of 70.6. All participants had received the abdominal breath technique, SKHPIP with laughter, and basic vocal training with description of their problem, the length of which ranged from four sessions to twelve sessions. We executed the videostroboscopy to compare the aspect of voicing change and the perceptual assessment, voice range profile, acoustic and aerodynamic measures to identify change of voice. Participants had glottal gap due to incomplete glottic closure during voicing on the pretest. After they took the voice therapy, the glottic gap became narrow and rough and breathy voice was reduced. There were significant difference in acoustic and aerodynamic measures. Jitter, Shimmer, MFR were reduced and MPT, Psub were increased(p<.05). Participants' pitch range and intensity range were increased on the posttest performance after taking voice therapy. Especially, most of them were showed that pitch range was increased significantly in high frequency area. The results of this investigation indicate that the voice therapy using abdominal breath, SKHPIP, and exercise together is effective for the patients who have age-related dysphonia to improve their voice quality. We recommend to apply this technique to functional voice disorders who are showed glottal gap.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.175-182
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• 2019

This study was conducted to test the assessment validity and examine the cut-off scores for driving risk as a part of the Self-report Assessment Forecasting Elderly Driving Risk (SAFE-DR) development project. The 132 senior drivers were categorized as either risky of 58 or safe of 74 drivers through the Drivers 65 Plus. Based on this initial assessment, we analyzed the risk prediction cut-offs. Furthermore, we tested the construct, content, and predictive validity. The cut-off score for the prediction of driving risk was found to be 74.5 points. The positive predictive value was 88.6%, and the negative predictive value was 86.3% about the cut-off score, signifying an excellent level of discrimination. Convergent validity, nomological validity, and content validity were found to be appropriate. Therefore, this study confirms that SAFE-DR is an appropriate assessment that can be used to screen dangerous elderly drivers.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.365-370
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• 2023

This paper aims to compare the performance of speech data classification into two groups, adult and elderly, based on the acoustic and linguistic characteristics that change due to aging, such as changes in respiratory patterns, phonation, pitch, frequency, and language expression ability. For acoustic features we used attributes related to the frequency, amplitude, and spectrum of speech voices. As for linguistic features, we extracted hidden state vector representations containing contextual information from the transcription of speech utterances using KoBERT, a Korean pre-trained language model that has shown excellent performance in natural language processing tasks. The classification performance of each model trained based on acoustic and linguistic features was evaluated, and the F1 scores of each model for the two classes, adult and elderly, were examined after address the class imbalance problem by down-sampling. The experimental results showed that using linguistic features provided better performance for classifying adult and elderly than using acoustic features, and even when the class proportions were equal, the classification performance for adult was higher than that for elderly.

• Korea Information Processing Society Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2004

우리나라는 국민의 정부 출범 이후 정보화 선진국 실현을 위해 $\boxDr$Cyber Korea 21$\boxUl$ 을 수립하여, 창조적 지식기반 국가건설을 국가의 정보화 비전으로 설정하여 추진해 왔으며, 다양한 정보인프라와 컨텐츠 및 서비스 개발을 통하여 지속적인 발전을 추구해 왔다. 그러나, 정보화의 성과 이면에 연령, 직업 등 사회적 여건과 지역적, 신체적 여건으로 인해 컴퓨터와 인터넷 사용에 어려움을 겪는 정보소외계층의 문제가 사회적으로 대두되고 있는 현실이다. 이러한 정보화 격차를 해소하기 위해 정보통신부에서는 2003년 5월 장애인, 노인 등을 위한 정보통신 접근성 보장지침을 발표하였고, 컨텐츠 제공업자로 하여금 그래픽 문자를 음성정보로 제공하는 것을 주요 내용으로 포함하고 있다.(중략)

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2014

Many studies have reported an age-related decline in the ability to spell words correctly. The aim of this study was to investigate the deterioration on retrieving orthographic knowledge in 64 normal elderly Korean persons. The subjects were 64 in total: they were composed of 22 persons in their 50s, 20 persons in their 60s, and 22 persons in their 70s or older. We instructed them to write from a dictation of 60 words stimuli (20 regular words, 20 irregular words, 20 nonwords). Older adults made more errors than younger adults, and the age-related decline in performance was greater for irregular than regular and nonwords. With respect to the error pattern in the irregular words, the subjects showed more phonological plausible errors than phonological implausible errors. The number of self-correction was high in nonwords. Based on the results, we found that aging differentially affects the retrieval of orthographic knowledge on regular, irregular and nonwords.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 1993.12a
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• pp.13-13
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• 1993

실어증 감별진단검사법은 실어증환자들의 진단, 치료계획의 설정, 치료 효과 및 예후의 판정 등을 위하여 사용된다. 그러나 아직 우리나라에는 우리에게 알맞은 실어증 감별진단 검사법이 개발되지 않았으므로 본 연구에서는 정신문화 및 언어구조면에서 우리나라와 유사성이 가장 높다고 생각되는 일본에서 널리 사용되고 있는 실어증 감별진단검사법(노인총합 연구소판)을 우리나라의 정신문화 및 언어상의 특성을 고려하여 번역 보완환 다음 한국어판 실어증 감별진단검사법을 시안(I)을 실어증 환자군과 정상 대조군에 적용하여 그 가치를 평가하고자 하였다. (중략)

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2008

We identified the characteristic impairmants of linguistic semantic memory in patients with prodromal Alzheimer's disease(AD) and mild AD. To elucidate the earliest changes of semantic language function in subjects with AD, performances on confrontation naming test and verbal fluency task were compared among patients with AD patients (n=20), mild AD patients (n=27) and healthy elderly controls (n=20). Tasks in this study included the confrontation naming test of Test of Lexical Processing in Aphasia(TLPA/Japanese) and one-minute verbal fluency task (semantic/ phonetic categories). The results were as follows: 1) Performances of the prodromal AD group showed the comparable to those of the control group on the confrontation naming test, 2) In the semantic/phonetic verbal fluency tasks, the performances of the control group were better than those of the prodromal AD and mild AD groups, but no significant differences were shown between the prodromal AD and the mild AD group.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.119-124
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to compare the voice differences of persons with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease and a normal group according to five vowels. Eight persons with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease and a healthy control group of 22 were selected and every voice analyzed by MDVP. The first result showed that jitter measurements between the two group showed a significant statistical difference according to all vowels. Second, the two groups' shimmer measurements showed a significant statistical difference according to nearly all vowels. Third, jitter measurements between the five vowels were more relatively closely correlated persons with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease than the normal group. Fourth, shimmer figures between the five vowels more relatively closely correlated persons with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease than the normal group.