• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.930-933
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• 2009

가입도 1.00D 미만의 초기 노안을 대상으로 푸쉬업과 플리퍼 방법에 의한 조절훈련이 가입도 측정값을 감소시킬 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 조절훈련은 12주간 매일 home vision training을 실시하였고, 일주일 간격으로 조절력, 조절지체, 조절용이성 및 가입도 검사를 실시하였다. 푸쉬업 훈련과 플리퍼 훈련 결과, 가입도는 0.125D~0.375D 유의하게 감소되었고, 푸쉬업 훈련이 플리퍼 훈련보다 가입도 감소효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 푸쉬업 훈련과 플리퍼 훈련은 조절력을 향상시켜 초기 노안이 필요로 하는 가입도를 감소시킬 수 있으며, 이와 같은 상태를 유지하기 위해서는 지속적인 훈련이 필요할 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.2190-2195
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• 2010

In order to examine whether the accommodative trainings with push-up or flipper methods induce the decrement of near addition on early presbyopia aged in 40s having less than 1.00 D addition, daily home vision training was performed for 12 weeks. We evaluated accommodative amplitude, accommodative facility, relative accommodation, and presbyopic addition at every one week. Two accommodative trainings significantly decreased the presbyopic addition as a degree from 0.125 D to 0.375 D, and push-up training was more effective than that of flipper training. Both push-up and flipper trainings are an useful methods to decrease the near addition of early presbyopia as an improvement of the accommodative amplitude.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.115-119
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• 2008

Purpose: To compare the tentative and final addition, a combination chart of cross-grid and red green with the final addition prescribed in presbyopia were used in this study. Methods: The study subjects were 60 persons with presbyopia who were 41 to 60 years (mean: 51.7 years). Tentative addition were determined using red green chart (RG), cross-grid chart (CG) and the combination chart (red green cross-grid chart, RGCG) of the above two. And the final addition for a 40 cm working distance was determined for each subject by adjusting the tentative addition. Results: It was found that there were statistically significant differences of the final addition and the tentative addition between the each different test method. This result indicated that using the red-green cross-grid chart is the higher repeatability. Conclusions: This study shows that red green cross-grid chart (RGCG) seems to be get proper data for determining addition in presbyopes, and this method would be helpful in the diagnostic evaluation of addition in binocular vision testing.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2006

The purposes of this study is examining a wearing tendency of a progressive multifocal lens. We measured refractive error values using subjective and objective refraction method with subjects in 40-65 ages. Also, we investigated and analyzed distribution of addition power and wearing tendency of progressive multifocal lens. Detected addition powers were ranged of +0.75D - +3.00D. In case of average addition, they were detected with +1.18D in 40's, +1.55D - +1.97D in 50's and +2.38D in above 61's age. The distributions of visual ability at a distant were measured that the hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism 43%, the myopia and myopic astigmatism characteristic astigmatism 7% appeared highly with 36%. The male who uses the interior aspect multi focal lens with the short-range work were appeared the male 20%, the woman 19%.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.59-63
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to compare the relative accommodation, the accommodative facility, and the addition whose 40's initial presbyopia divided into five occupations (driver, official worker, housewife, field worker, teacher). Methods: We measured the values of near point convergence (NPC), positive relative accommodation (PRA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), accommodative facility, and addition. Results: Official worker group had lower PRA, higher NRA, and lower accommodative facility compared with them of the other groups. The average of addition was as follows: official worker > driver > field worker > housewife > teacher. Conclusions: Because the difference of working environment based on occupation affects the accommodative functions and addition, it is important to consider the patient's occupation when opticians measure the addition for near vision of initial presbyopia.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2006

In this study, we researched the near addition of presbyopia by the amplitude accommodation method for 40~65ages. The major findings was as follows: 1. The add power was ranged from +0.50Dptr to +3.50Dptr. 2. Add power, +1.50Dptr${\geq}$Add power${\geq}$0.50Dptr was measured in 40~44ages. 3. Add power, +2.00Dptr${\geq}$Add power${\geq}$1.00Dptr was measured in 45~50ages. 4. Add power, +3.00Dptr${\geq}$Add power${\geq}$1.50Dptr was measured in 51~55ages. 5. Add power, +3.50Dptr${\geq}$Add power${\geq}$2.50Dptr was measured in 56~65ages. 6. They put on their glasses for near purpose in 75%.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.103-107
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• 2008

Purpose: This research measured the near addition powers of presbyopia in wearing the near spectacle for the first time. Methods: We evaluated age, sex, working group, spherical power and cylindrical power and measured the power of refractive error performed the both eyes (310 eyes) of 155 subjects subjectively noncycloplegic and power of addition using the cross cylinder method. Results: There were measured the near addition powers in the range of +0.75D ~ +1.75D. In case of the average addition, they were measured with +1.06D in subjects under 43 years of age, +1.08D in 44 to 46 years, +1.23D in 47 to 49 years and +1.46D in over 50 years of age. The average age in subjects was 47.6 years old and 74 male, 81 female, 71 near sighted working group and 83 far sighted working group. Conclusions: Near addition was correlated with age, working group and cylindrical power (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2011

Purpose: This study analyzed the factors related to adaptation of people who wears progressive lenses glasses for the first time. Methods: 463 presbyopia (Aged 41~78) without any ocular diseases with the progressive lens glasses were prescribed from 2010 to 2011 at B clinic in the Gwangju city. Progressive lenses adaptation were analyzed according to gender, age, distance refractive state, presbyopic addition, progressive lens design, the old glasses, astigmatism type, and anisometropia etc. High, mid and low-adapted groups were categorized as the status of wearing progressive lenses glasses, re-wearing, occasionally wearing and failed to weraing, respectively. Results: Men showed significantly higher adaptation (p=0.02) than women. Presbyopic addition (p=0.05) and progressive lens design (p=0.02) were statistically significant. However, it was found that there was so statistical significance for the factors of age, distance refractive state, the old glasses, astigmatism type, and anisometropia. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, when progressive lenses were prescribed, we should consider for adaptation gender, presbyopic addition, and progressive lens design etc.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.439-447
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• 2008

There is a need for a finite schematic presbyopic eye that models vision and image quality under various conditions such as cataract or refractive surgery, as well as near vision corrections with an ophthalmic lens or contact lens. Using recently measured biometric data of presbyopic eyes, new model eyes were designed that are optically and anatomically close to real eyes. The parameters changing significantly with age were incorporated into models for four different age groups. The new model eyes have alpha angle, decentered pupil, aspheric GRIN lens and aspheric retinal surface. It is likely that the new finite presbyopic model eyes will be useful for designing visual instruments such as low vision aids, PALs, IOL and contact lenses, and for the clinical prediction of the retinal image quality of a presbyopic patient.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.71-75
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• 2007

This research was conducted from 1 March 2005 to 28 February 2007. We collected data from optician stores around Kwang-Ju city, 208 people aged 40 to 80 years using the cross cylinder method to find out age and gender dependence of near addition. 1. Age dependence of Refractive error shows 5% of emmetropia 34% of myopia and 43% of hyperopia. These results reveal that rate of hyperopia is higher than emmetropia and myopia. Mixed Astigmatism rate was 18%. 2. Near addition required to correct Presbyopia is analyzed as functions of gender and ages. In case of man: 40-44 (+0.75D), 45-49(+1.25D), 50-54(+1.41D), 55-59(+1.92D), 60-64(+2.35D), 65-69(+1.97D), 70(+3.12D), In case of woman: 40-44 (+1.08D), 45-49 (+1.38D), 50-54 (+1.67D), 55-59(+2.05D), 60-64 (+2.50D), 65-69 (+2.57D), $70{\leq}(+3.18D)$. Result shows it's Adding power higher than man. 3. Age dependence of Axis of Astigmatism. In case of horizontal astigmatism 61.2%, vertical 2.8% and rest else for 36%. Setting point from Binocular vision tells that average adding power of 40-44 (+0.75D) or (+1.00D), 45-49 (+1.25D) or (+1.50D), 50-54 (+1.50D), 55-59 (+2.00D), 60-64 (+2.50D), 65-69 (+2.50D) or (+2.75D), over $70{\leq}(+3.00D)$ or (+3.25D) of average adding power.