• Plant Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.4-8
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• 2016

환경보전은 전 인류의 노력이 함께 투입되어야 하며 그 투입 노력의 양은 공학적 관점에서 결정되어야 할 것이다. 탄소배출권 관점에서는 탄소 배출 사업자만이 환경보전에 노력해야하며 그 노력의 양은 경제학적 관점의 탄소 배출량이다. 본 연구에서 제안하고 있는 무용에너지 배출권 관점에서는 모든 인류가 환경보전에 노력해야 하며 그 노력의 양은 열역학적으로 계산되는 무용에너지 배출량이다. 본 제안이 환경보전에 이바지될 수 있기를 희망한다.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

Test effort estimated so far is as a by-product of the development effort estimation activity which is based on the FP, UCP, COCOMO model, or calculated data from the project knowledge base which is containing test effort information for the test phase on software development life cycle. In this paper, test effort estimation model and calculating procedures are suggested, which is independent from software development effort estimation model. Generally test efforts is depends on the number and the complexity of test cases, and also maturity of test organization that performs test activities, such as integration test, system test, acceptance test and so on. The estimated results with the suggested test effort estimation model has deviation of 4.7% compare to the corresponding test efforts generated by the development effort estimationprocedures. The suggesting model will be accurate more and more with refinements of coefficients which reflect the technical and environmental maturity level of test organization, and also including the software complexity level of projects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1018-1025
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• 2002

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of weight control behaviors and their association with food and nutrient intake among Korean adults. Study subjects were 7,340 Koreans aged 20 years and older in the 1998 Korean Health and Nutrient Survey. Cross-sectional data were collected on weight control behavior and diet using structured questionnaire by interview. Analysis of variance following after Duncan's multiple range test was used to test the differences in food and nutrient intake among three different weight control behavior groups(weight reducing attempt, weight gaining attempt, none). Current weight control behaviors were reported by 32% of the study subjects. There were significant differences in weight control behaviors between male and female subjects; weight reducing practices were 7 times greater than weight gaining practices among female subjects while it was only 1.5 times among male subjects. Weight control behaviors were not consistently associated with food and nutrient intake among male and female subjects. Moreover, greater food and nutrient intake were observed among those who trying to reducing weight than those who did not try. Therefore, it Is necessary to educate the Korean adults that balanced food and nutrient intake with sustaind weight control effort is the ideal way to achieve healthy weight.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.295-306
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• 2002

Successful project planning relies on a good estimation of the effort required to complete a project, together with the schedule options that may be available. Despite the extensive research done developing new and better models, existing software effort estimation models are present only the total effort and instantaneous effort function for the software life-cycle. Also, Putnam presents constant effort rate in each phase. However, the size of total effort are variable according to the software projects under the influence of its size, complexity and operational environment. As a result, the allocated effort in each phase also differ from project to project. This paper suggests the criteria for effort allocation in planning, specifying, building, testing and implementing phase followed by the project total effort. These criteria are derived from 183 different projects. This result can be considered as a practical guideline in management of project schedule and effort allocation.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.9D no.5
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• pp.865-876
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• 2002

Successful project planning relies on a good estimation of the effort required to complete a project, together with the schedule options that may be available. Existing software effort estimation models are present only the total effort and instantaneous effort function for the software life-cycle. Also, Putnam presents constant effort rate in each phase. However, the size of total effort varies according to the software projects under the influence of its size, complexity and operational environment. As a result, the allocated effort in each phase also differs from one project to another. This paper suggests models for effort allocation in planning, specifying, building, testing and implementing phases followed by the project size and development types. These models are derived from 155 different projects. Therefore, these models can be considered as a practical guideline in management of project schedule and effort allocation.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.859-866
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• 2001

Successful project planning relies on a good estimation of the effort required to complete a project, together with the schedule options that may be available. Despite the extensive research done developing new and better models, existing software effort estimation models are present only the total effort and effort (or manpower： people per unit time) function for the software life-cycle. Also, Putnam presents constant effort rate in each subcycles. However, the size of total efforts are variable according to the software projects under the influence of its size, complexity and operational environment. As a result, the allocated effort in subcycle also differ from project to project. This paper suggests the linear and polynomial effort estimation models in specifying, building and testing phase followed by the project total effort. These models are derived from 128 different projects. This result can be considered as a practical guideline in management of project schedule and effort allocation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.47-53
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• 2019

This study examined the effects of risk aversion on the Self-Insurance-cum-Protection activity (SICP) in a two period model, which is in contrast to existing studies that focused on an one period model. The assumption that there is a time difference between making an effort and incurring loss helps examine the effects of risk aversion in the long-term period. An increase in risk aversion always increases the efforts of SICP, whereas existing studies require additional restrictions to both the loss and cost function. Second, an increase in risk aversion always increases the efforts on self-insurance and self-protection. This result is in contrast to that of existing studies in that an increase in risk aversion increases the efforts of self-insurance, whereas the effects on the efforts of self-protection are unclear. Lastly, when there exists a background risk with zero mean and risk aversion increases in a two period model, the prudence condition of the utility function is a sufficient condition to increase the efforts of SICP.

• Journal of Korean Historical Folklife
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• no.33
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• pp.359-384
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• 2010

The studies on Daedonggye(大同契), by this time, have been mainly researched focusing on the ruling system of country villages related to 'King(王)-local governor(守令)-noble family(士族)' in Chosun Period. The result of it is that it made a great contribution to reveal the operation of country society and substance of the ruling class but made it wholly lacking studying on the organization of Daedonggye in fishing villages especially and the social structure after the opening of ports. The residents in Noryeokdo have operated Daedonggye for about 80 years from 1925 up to now. Anyone who is a householder in Noryeokdo has been a participant in a member of it. The reason is that the participation in Daedonggye is the most basic requisite to lead the community life of the fishing village. It was investigated in this study that the residents operated their Daedonggye in what way in the 20th century and what motive made them keep it prolonged for a long time up to the 21th century.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.205-237
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• 2005

This paper analyzes a mechanism through which product market competition affects allocation of the managerial efforts. There are two types of firms, incumbents and entrants. Each incumbent firm delegates its control to a manager and cannot observe the manager's total effort. The managers of incumbent firms allocate their effort to two different activities: cost reduction (productive effort) and rent protection (unproductive effort). An increase in competition, measured by the number of incumbent firms, has two effects: an "output effect" which decreases the managerial incentive for productive effort, and an "effort substitution effect" that makes managers exert more productive effort and less unproductive effort. This paper identifies the conditions under which product market competition lowers the cost of providing incentives for productive effort and hence, to the conclusion that increased competition leads to increased efficiency.

• Journal of Information Technology Application
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2001

We propose a software-reliability growth model incoporating the amount of uniform and Weibull testing efforts during the software testing phase in this paper. The time-dependent behavior of testing effort is described by uniform and Weibull curves. Assuming that the error detection rate to the amount of testing effort spent during the testing phase is proportional to the current error content, the model is formulated by a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. Using this model the method the data analysis for software reliability measurement is developed. The optimum release time is determined by considering how the initial reliability R($\chi$ 0) would be. The conditions are ($R\chi$ 0)＞$R_{o}$ , $P_{o}$ ＞R($\chi$ 0)＞ $R_{o}$ $^{d}$ and R($\chi$ 0)＜$R_{o}$ $^{d}$ for uniform testing efforts. deal case is $P_{o}$ ＞($R\chi$ 0)＞ $R_{o}$ $^{d}$ Likewise, it is ($R\chi$ 0)$\geq$$R_{o}$ , $R_{o}$ ＞($R\chi$ 0)＞R(eqation omitted) and ($R\chi$ 0)＜R(eqation omitted)for Weibull testing efforts. Ideal case is $R_{o}$ ＞ R($\chi$ 0)＞ R(eqation omitted).