• Title/Summary/Keyword: 노드 중심성

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An Improved Routing Recovery Using Cores Nodes And Multipath (AODV 기반 코어 노드와 다중경로를 이용한 경로 복구 개선 방안)

  • Kim, Jin-Sun;Choe, Jong-Won
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2011.06d
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    • pp.227-229
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    • 2011
  • 애드혹 네트워크(Ad-hoc network)는 노드의 이동성으로 인해 토폴로지가 동적으로 변화하여 경로 에러가 빈번하게 발생한다. 그러므로 빠르고 효과적으로 경로를 재설정 하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 애드 혹 라우팅 플로토콜 중의 하나인 AODV(Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) 라우팅 프로토콜에서의 노드 경로 설정 과정을 개선하는데 있어서, 코어(CORE) 노드를 중심으로 다중경로를 설정하여 경로 오류 발생시, 경로 재설정 과정의 시간을 단축시키고 제어 트래픽의 오버헤드를 낮추어 보다 빠르고 효율적인 경로 복구 기법을 제시한다.

An Attribute-Based Naming Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks (무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 속성 기반 네이밍 구조)

  • Jung, Eui-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.95-102
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    • 2007
  • Recently, a lot of researchers focus on the sensor middleware that hide the complexity of application developments and provide the abstraction of functions to upper application layer. Although there we several factors to design sensor middleware, the attribute-based naming is considered to be an essential factor among them. However, most existing researches were not designed to reflect the characteristics of sensor networks and have the limitation of attribute-based query extension. This study adopts the concept of Virtual Counterpart to suggest the structure there attribute-based naming is supported by virtual sensor nodes of the middleware on the sink node. Unlike traditional data-centric middleware in which individual sensor nodes process attribute-based query, virtual sensor nodes mapped to physical sensor nodes are running on the middleware of the sink node and process attribute-based query as a proxy of the physical sensor. This approach enables attribute-based naming independent of physical infrastructure and easy extensibility.

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사회연결망기법(SNA)을 이용한 한국 내항해운의 네트워크분석

  • Kim, Seong-Guk
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2013.06a
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    • pp.146-148
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 지속가능한 물류활동에서 관심을 받고 있는 내항해운(연안해운)의 물류네트워크를 파악하기위한 기초분석으로서 연안여객항로에 관하여 네트워크를 파악하였다. 최근에 기존의 계량적 통계분석방법을 뛰어넘어 존재하고 있는 구조와 실체를 파악하기위해 사회연결망분석이 도입되고 있는 상황에서, 우리나라 연안해운항로의 네트워크를 파악하고자 하였다. 내항해운은 화물운송과 여객운송으로 구별되나 본 연구에서는 화물선만 고려하였다. 국가물류통합정보센터와 해운항만물류정보시스템을 활용하여 한국의 내항해운의 중심성을 분석하였다. 중심성 분석을 위해서 화물선 출입항 척수와 화물처리량을 변수로 사용하여 Pajek과 UCINET 등의 SNA 프로그램을 이용한 결과 내항해운 네트워크를 도식화하고 파악하였다. 결과적으로 네트워크의 node에 해당하는 항만 중에서 어떤 항만이 가장 중요한 노드인지를 찾고, 네트워크 구조가 얼마나 소수의 중요한 항만에게 집중되는 것인지를 확인하기 위하여 중심성 분석을 통해 파악하였다.

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Localization of sensor nodes using 802.11 RSSI (802.11의 RSSI를 이용한 센서 노드들의 지역화)

  • Park, Eui-Joon;Lee, Hyun-Seung;Song, Ha-Yoon;Park, Joon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2007.10d
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    • pp.381-384
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    • 2007
  • RF 신호 강도인 RSSI(Received Signal Strength indication)를 이용해 지역화를 하는 방법론이나 알고리즘은 많이 연구되어 왔다. 그러나 대다수의 연구에서 추가적인 장비를 요구하거나, 복잡한 시스템 환경을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 일반적인 무선랜 환경을 사용할 수 있는 노트북에서, Windows 기반의 802.11의 RSSI를 이용해 지역화를 수행하였다. IEEE 802.11의 네트워킹 구성을 한 센서노드들 중에 AP(Access Point) 역할을 하는 한 개의 고정노드(Anchor)를 중심으로 다수의 움직일 수 있는 모바일 노드들의 위치를 추적해가는 방법이며, Anchor가 많아지거나 모바일 노드가 늘어나면 지역화의 정확도는 증가하게 된다. 이 방법은 일반적인 802.11의 무선랜 환경이 가능한 랩톱에서도 쉽게 적응이 가능하며, 부가적인 장비의 의존성이 전혀 없고 소프트웨어 적인 방법론으로 해결하였다. 또한 지역화가 가능함과 동시에 각각의 센서 노드들은 802.11을 이용한 데이터 송수신이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 MS의 Windows 플랫폼 기반으로 테스트하였고, 효과적으로 Beacon 패킷을 송출하기 위한 해법을 제시한다.

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Management Scheme of Sensor Network using Circular Coordinates (원형 좌표계를 이용한 센서네트워크 키 관리 기법)

  • Hong, Seong-Sik;Ryou, Hwang-Bin
    • Convergence Security Journal
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.71-80
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    • 2006
  • Sensor network is made from very small and restrictive-power nodes, and they collect some information of environment like as thermal and tremor, etc. And they transfer the information to each other. Generally, supporting the Security service of sensor network is a difficult work, because the nodes have very small cpu-power and low electronic-power. So, More effective management scheme will needed for the maintenance of stability. In this paper, we propose the location based management scheme with circular coordinates. We were make the with the relative location information from one node to other. The new scheme show more simple and effective result then the other method for key management.

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The Mechanism for TCP-UDP Fairness Improvement in the Assured Service of the Diffserv Network (차등 서비스 네트워크의 확신 서비스에서 TCP-UDP 공평성 향상 기법)

  • 모상덕;정광수
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2004.04a
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    • pp.481-483
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    • 2004
  • 본 논문에서는 차등 서비스 네트워크(Diffserv network)의 확신 서비스(assured service)에서 발생할 수 있는 TCP와 UDP 플로우 사이의 공명성 문제를 해결하기 위한 TRBD(Target Rate-based Dropping) 기법을 제안한다. 차등 서비스 네트워크의 확신 서비스에서의 공평성 향상에 대한 기존 연구는 마킹 확률을 변경하여 공평성을 향상시키는 연구가 중심이 되어 왔다. 이러한 연구들은 코어노드에서의 큐 관리를 위하여 주로 MRED(Multiple RED)골 이용하기 때문에 TCP 및 UDP, 목표 전송률 등에 대한 고려가 부족하다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 TRBD 기법은 코어노드에서 목표 전송률에 따라 UDP의 폐기 확률을 조정하여 TCP-UDP 공평성 및 목표 전송률을 고려한 공평성을 향상시킬 수 있다. ns 시뮬레이터를 이용한 실험을 통하여 TRBD 기법의 TCP-UDP 공평성 향상을 확인하였다.

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Improved Social Network Analysis Method in SNS (SNS에서의 개선된 소셜 네트워크 분석 방법)

  • Sohn, Jong-Soo;Cho, Soo-Whan;Kwon, Kyung-Lag;Chung, In-Jeong
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.117-127
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    • 2012
  • Due to the recent expansion of the Web 2.0 -based services, along with the widespread of smartphones, online social network services are being popularized among users. Online social network services are the online community services which enable users to communicate each other, share information and expand human relationships. In the social network services, each relation between users is represented by a graph consisting of nodes and links. As the users of online social network services are increasing rapidly, the SNS are actively utilized in enterprise marketing, analysis of social phenomenon and so on. Social Network Analysis (SNA) is the systematic way to analyze social relationships among the members of the social network using the network theory. In general social network theory consists of nodes and arcs, and it is often depicted in a social network diagram. In a social network diagram, nodes represent individual actors within the network and arcs represent relationships between the nodes. With SNA, we can measure relationships among the people such as degree of intimacy, intensity of connection and classification of the groups. Ever since Social Networking Services (SNS) have drawn increasing attention from millions of users, numerous researches have made to analyze their user relationships and messages. There are typical representative SNA methods: degree centrality, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality. In the degree of centrality analysis, the shortest path between nodes is not considered. However, it is used as a crucial factor in betweenness centrality, closeness centrality and other SNA methods. In previous researches in SNA, the computation time was not too expensive since the size of social network was small. Unfortunately, most SNA methods require significant time to process relevant data, and it makes difficult to apply the ever increasing SNS data in social network studies. For instance, if the number of nodes in online social network is n, the maximum number of link in social network is n(n-1)/2. It means that it is too expensive to analyze the social network, for example, if the number of nodes is 10,000 the number of links is 49,995,000. Therefore, we propose a heuristic-based method for finding the shortest path among users in the SNS user graph. Through the shortest path finding method, we will show how efficient our proposed approach may be by conducting betweenness centrality analysis and closeness centrality analysis, both of which are widely used in social network studies. Moreover, we devised an enhanced method with addition of best-first-search method and preprocessing step for the reduction of computation time and rapid search of the shortest paths in a huge size of online social network. Best-first-search method finds the shortest path heuristically, which generalizes human experiences. As large number of links is shared by only a few nodes in online social networks, most nods have relatively few connections. As a result, a node with multiple connections functions as a hub node. When searching for a particular node, looking for users with numerous links instead of searching all users indiscriminately has a better chance of finding the desired node more quickly. In this paper, we employ the degree of user node vn as heuristic evaluation function in a graph G = (N, E), where N is a set of vertices, and E is a set of links between two different nodes. As the heuristic evaluation function is used, the worst case could happen when the target node is situated in the bottom of skewed tree. In order to remove such a target node, the preprocessing step is conducted. Next, we find the shortest path between two nodes in social network efficiently and then analyze the social network. For the verification of the proposed method, we crawled 160,000 people from online and then constructed social network. Then we compared with previous methods, which are best-first-search and breath-first-search, in time for searching and analyzing. The suggested method takes 240 seconds to search nodes where breath-first-search based method takes 1,781 seconds (7.4 times faster). Moreover, for social network analysis, the suggested method is 6.8 times and 1.8 times faster than betweenness centrality analysis and closeness centrality analysis, respectively. The proposed method in this paper shows the possibility to analyze a large size of social network with the better performance in time. As a result, our method would improve the efficiency of social network analysis, making it particularly useful in studying social trends or phenomena.

A NAND Flash File System for Sensor Nodes to support Data-centric Applications (데이터 중심 응용을 지원하기 위한 센서노드용 NAND 플래쉬 파일 시스템)

  • Sohn, Ki-Rack;Han, Kyung-Hun;Choi, Won-Chul;Han, Hyung-Jin;Han, Ji-Yeon;Lee, Ki-Hyeok
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.47-57
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    • 2008
  • Recently, energy-efficient NAND Flash memory of large volume is favored as next-generation storage for sensor nodes. So far, most sensor node file systems are based on NOR flash and few file systems are applicable to large NAND flash memory. Although it is required to develop new file systems taking account of the features of NAND flash memory, it is difficult to develop them mainly due to the limit of SRAM memory on sensor nodes. Sensor nodes support SRAM of $4{\sim}10$ KBytes only. In this paper, we designed and implemented a novel file system to support data-centric applications. To do this, we added EEPROM of 1 KBytes to store persistent file description data efficiently and devised a simple wear-leveling method. This reduces the number of page updates, resulting in reduction in energy use and increase in lifetime of sensor nodes.

Analysis of Lower Somatotype on Adult Women and Appearance Analysis of Flare Skirts by using the Image Processing (성인 여성의 하반신 체형분석과 염상처리를 이용한 플레어 스커트의 외관분석)

  • Lee, Soo-Jung;Hong, Jeong-Min
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.252-258
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    • 1999
  • The aims of this study is to classify the lower somatotype of adult women and appearance analysis on the shape of flare skirts by using the image processing. Also We have made skirts in order to analyze the various types of appearance of flare skirts by using the image processing. The subjects for our wear test lower somatotype, who were controlled in their waist, abdomen and hip shapes. The flare skirts used for wear test were 112 types(combinated 14 fabric type and 8 lower somatotype). The effect of lower somatotype on the shape of flare skirts was determined by the horizontally hem line section shape and the silhouette of flare skirts with image processing. The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and Turkey, Duncan multiple range test. The results obtained are summarized as follows: It is shown that the fabric weight elongation differs in fabrics properties, in direction of textures. The shape horizontal section of flare skirt hem line has differed with the number of nodes, wave-height of nodes and breadth of silhouette by fabrics properties and lower somatotype. It is noticed that the breadth of flare skirts by the silhouette has high correlation with the drape ability of fabrics and lower somatotype. Results for our flare skirts show changes in amplitude and mean with fabrics, somatotype. Therefore we can say that gray-level histograms are correlated with changes in appearance, differences in drape spacing and related fabric properties and their somatotype.

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Improving the Kang-Park's Protocol for Securing Binding Update in MIPv6 (Kang-Park의 Mobile IPv6 바인딩 갱신 보안 프로토콜 개선)

  • You, Il-Sun
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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    • v.44 no.10
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    • pp.148-155
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    • 2007
  • The routing optimization mode, which Mobile IPv6 provides for the direct communication between a mobile node and its correspond node, introduces various security threats, thus causing several protocols to be proposed for the secure binding update procedure. In particular, the Kang-Park protocol, which Kang and Park presented in 2005, achieves the optimized cryptographic operations and the strong security, while based on its unique security proxy structure. In spite of such advantages, it has some drawbacks in terms of security and efficiency. This paper improves the Kang-Park protocol through the strong CoA validation and early binding update methods. Also, we show that the improved protocol is better than others.