• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.52-75
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• 2021

The current Korean labour movement is at an impasse that is partly sustained by the idea of "strong" transnational corporations (TNCs) versus "weak" labour, and this perception is based on the "global-local dichotomy," wherein TNCs are depicted as abstract and structured entities operating at the global scale and workers are represented as having a concrete and weak presence within the local sphere. As an alternative perspective to break this "global" capital vs. "local" labour dichotomy, I focus on labour geography, which assumes that labour is not simply a factor of production but a sentient spatial actor that (un-)intentionally produces the landscape of capitalism. Borrowing insights from the multi-scalar perspective, this paper aims to understand the actual methods in which workers utilize spatial strategies through an empirical case study of the Nestlé Korea labour union strike in 2003. Based on this case study, this paper claims that workers are both capable of employing coordinated multi-scalar practices and can be more influential to the economic geographies of TNCs. Additionally, it suggests that workers' scalar practices are actually more complicated and multi-directional as a result of their complex and dynamic interactions with political, economic and cultural forces and actors at diverse geographical scales.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.185-201
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• 2015

This paper suggests how Korean housemaids, called Sikmo, and Korean-Chinese migrant domestic workers have similar class positions and therefore form a dual identity in their interactions with female employers. rough spoken stories of the experiences of 27 females from Seoul, including Korean-Chinese domestic workers, Korean housemaids, and their employers, this research effectively overcomes the dichotomous discourse of natives versus foreigners. Instead it suggests the new interpretation that it is not foreignness but class inferiority of the domestic workers that plays a key role in establishing relationships with employers. Korean housemaids and Korean-Chinese domestic workers, both groups of whom are migrant workers, have developed coping strategies to enhance their labor value by spatially relocating themselves from their home society to a new society. They possess a similar labor status in women's history, being of low income, low education, and rural births. Consequently, these women experience 'translocal anchoring,' meaning their identities are intertwined with that of their home societies, and employers perceive them based on the characteristics of these places. The Korean employers perceive that the domestic workers' morality and intellectuality are inferior based on their class differences. This stigmatizing process leads employers to regard domestic workers as ambivalent people, not only threatening outsiders but also objects of pity, needing love and protection of their employers. The employers educate them culturally, teaching them skills to survive in the urban environment. These skills include cooking and language, in addition to advice on long-term plans to blend into society.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.56-56
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• 2004

20세기이후의 현대인들의 여러 가지 환경들은 다원화 경향으로 흐르면서 사회, 문화적인 모든 요소들은 많은 변화를 가져오고 있다. 패션에서도 이러한 다원화 경향이 확대됨으로써 기존의 여러 가지 패션요소들이 현대에는 많은 변화를 보이게 되었는데 그중 데님의상의 다양화가 중요한 관심사로 떠오르고 있다 데님의상이 처음 선보였던 19세기 중반에는 원래 노동자들의 작업복으로 출발한 것이었다. (중략)

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.245
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• pp.8-9
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• 1998

북한의 책값은 2원 이하인데 이는 공장노동자 월급 70-80원 수준에 보면 비싼 편이다. 정책적으로 대량발간하는 김일성.김정일 서적이 중심이 되므로 책은 다양하지 못하다. 대중적인 인기가 높은 책은 역시 문예물이다. 오락수단이 적은 탓인지 평양시내나 산책로 등지에서 독서에 열중하거나 지하철.전차에서 책 읽는 주민들도 많은 편이다.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.115-140
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• 2009

이 연구는 외국인 노동자들의 한국문화에 대한 적응문제를 살펴 보기 위하여 그들이 한국인들에 대하여 가지고 있는 사회적 거리감(social distance)을 분석하고 있다. 사회적 거리감은 인종 간 상호 관계 연구에서 중요한 개념으로 다루어져 왔으며, 특히 사회적응 수준을 드러내는 효과적인 척도로 각광받아왔다. 이 연구는 한국내 외국인 노동자들의 한국인에 대한 사회적 거리감의 결정요인을 규명하려는 목적을 가지고 있다. 서울과 경기 지역에서 수집된 자료에 대한 다중회귀분석(OLS Regression)을 통하여, 이 연구는 서구 사회에서 다수 인종의 사회적 거리감을 효과적으로 설명하는 것으로 판명된 요인들이 한국의 소수 인종인 외국인노동자들에게도적용될수있는가를살펴본다. 구체적으로는 연령, 성, 교육, 종교, 인종과 같은 사회인구학적 변수들과 한국인과의 접촉정도 가사회적 거리감에 유의미한 효과가 있는지 분석된다. 둘째, 이 연구는 외국인 노동자들의 가장 중요한 삶의 공간인 작업장에서의 경험과 관련된 변수들이 사회적 거리감에 대하여 가지는 효과를 탐구한다. 셋째, 구조방정식 모형(Structural Equation Model)의 적용을 통하여, 이 연구는 다중회귀에서 분석된 여러 설명 변수들 간의 복잡한 인과구조를 규명하고, 이들이 사회적 거리감에 미치는 영향을 직접효과, 간접효과, 전체효과로 나누어 살펴본다. 다중회귀분석 결과는 집단 간 사회적 거리감은 사회인구학적 변수들, 한국인들과의 접촉, 작업장 내 경험등 다양한 요인들의 복합적인 결과물이라는 점을 확인해 준다. 특히 분석결과는 작업장에서의 경험과 느낌이 한국 내 외국인 노동자들의 한국인들에 대한사회적거리감형성에결정적이라는사실을보여주는반면, 기존연구에서 효과적인 것으로 판명된 전통적 요인들은 영향력이 미미하다는 점을 말해준다. 한편, 구조방정식 모형을 적용한 분석결과는 한국인 친구들과의 접촉과 이해하기 쉽고 구체적인 노동조건이 사회적 거리감에 직접적으로 영향을 주고 있다는 것을 보여 준다. 한편 추상적인 노동조건은 사회적 거리감에 간접적으로 영향을 미친다. 상사에 대한 평가와 직무만족은 노동조건에 의해 유의미한 영향을 받지만, 한국인 친구와의 접촉과는 관련이 없다. 간단히 말해, 상사에 대한 평가와 직무만족은 노동조건이 사회적거리감에 대하여 가지는 효과를 매개한다. 결론적으로, 구조방정식모형의 분석결과는 작업장 관련 변수들간에 복잡한 인과구조가 존재한다는 점과 작업장 내 경험이 한국인에 대한 사회적 거리감 형성에 가장 중요하다는점을 확인해 준다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.899-910
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to collect basic data on social support and acculturative stress in migrant workers. Methods: Between August, 2007 and January, 2008 171 immigrant workers completed data collection using a questionnaire. Workers were recruited from 2 churches, one in Seoul and the other in Gyeonggi Province. Mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The average score for social support was 3.73 (${\pm}0.65$) and for acculturative stress, 2.52 (${\pm}0.65$). There were significant differences acculturative stress according to gender (t=2.152, p=.033), kind of job (t=2.597, p=.040), and have community or not (t=2.899, p=.005). There was a significant negative correlation between social support and acculturative stress (r=-.270, p=.001). Factors influencing acculturative stress were existence of participants having a community of people from their home country or not ($R^2=.151$, p=.002). Conclusion: More studies are needed to identify the variables that influence acculturative stress in immigrant workers.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.295-318
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• 2009

This paper explores micro-contexts of transnational migration and decision-making process of foreign migrants in Korea with four types, that is, married immigrants, immigrant workers, professional immigrants, and foreign students, analyzing dates of questionaries and interviews. Some findings can be summarized as follows. First, married immigrants and immigrant workers show relative lower level of micro-environments than professional immigrants and foreign students. Secondly, immigrants workers fill closest in geographical contiguity among immigrants' types, while married immigrants recognize more different in cultural comparison than the former. Both immigrants workers and foreign students think living environments of Korea better than other types, but immigrants workers consider relatively higher the level of technology, while foreign students evaluate lower that of education in Korea than other types. Thirdly, married immigrants give a relatively low score to the easiness of immigration, while both immigrant workers and professional immigrants give a high score to the job environment of Korea. Finally, all types of immigrants show a high portion in a self-decision making for international migration, while professional immigrants have much more experiences on visiting other countries than other types, and both married immigrants and foreign students seem to have utilized their networks with family members who live abroad.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.191-202
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• 2020

This study examines the relationships between family-friendly organizational culture(FFOC), corporate entrepreneurship, and innovative behavior. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of corporate entrepreneurship on the relationship between FFOC and innovative behavior. Also we examine the moderating effects of gender between FFOC and corporate entrepreneurship. Research sample consisted of 1,037 employees who were working in various manufacturing companies in Korea. The results of this research is as follows: First, FFOC showed a positive effects on corporate entrepreneurship. Second, FFOC had a positive effect on employee' innovative behavior. Third, corporate entrepreneurship partially mediated effect on the relationship between FFOC and innovative behavior. Finally, gender had moderating effect in the relationship between FFOC and corporate entrepreneurship. Specifically, the positive effect of FFOC on corporate entrepreneurship was stronger in women than in men when FFOC was higher. In particular, this research concludes with implications for future research of corporate entrepreneurship, limitations of this study, and practical application.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.87-108
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• 2014

Recent examples of abuse by black consumers (including air travellers) against emotional laborers have become a serious social issue in Korea in that they are likely to violate human rights of those laborers. Emotional labor is a form of emotion regulation that creates a publicly visible facial and bodily display, and also emotional management within the workforce that creates a situation in which the emotion management by workers can be exchanged in the marketplace. Example professions that require emotional labor are: nurses, doctors, waiting staff, and television actors. However, as the economy moves from a manufacturing to a service-based economy, many more workers in a variety of occupational fields are expected to manage their emotions according to employer demands when compared to the past. One of symptoms deriving from emotional labor is smile mask syndrome abbreviated SMS, which is a psychological disorder proposed by professor Makoto Natsume where subjects develop depression and physical illness as a result of prolonged, unnatural smiling. And higher degree of using emotion regulation on the job is related to higher levels of employees' emotional exhaustion, and lower levels of employees' job satisfaction. In most part, emotional laborers are more abused and hurt by so called black consumers who are raising complaints relating to products and services purchased against service providers for the purpose of maliciously getting compensation. Against this background, the Korean Government abolished "the Consumer Protection Act" and instead promulgated "the Basic Consumer Act" in September 2006 which stipulates that consumers are expected to have protection as well as responsibility and duty. The Aviation Security Act cites the examples of prohibited behaviors (unruly passengers) while they are travelling. In addition, human rights of emotional laborers could be more protected by the enhancement of etiquettes and cavalry and improvement of culture and working environment.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.63
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• pp.53-75
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• 2013

This study looks into Dooriban movement, which problematizes the ways in which social movements are carried out in everyday settings in modern Korea. Contrary to traditional social movements, Dooriban movement led by active/independent participants -who are locally situated and culturally sensitized- showed a new way of engaging with political power. Making use of qualitative methodology such as in-depth interviews and participant observation, this research examines the implications of emergent cultural practices that redefine and reconfigure the working mechanisms of social movements in Korea today.