• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.273-302
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• 2006

The introduction of cash payments for care is a distinct trend that characterizes changes in care policies since the 1990s. Recently, many developed countries have newly introduced or extended cash payments for care that allow care users to be able to plan themselves for their cares instead of receiving direct care services from the state. Cash payments for care can be said to be one of the alternative policies by which user choices are extended, and it becomes possible to establish demand-cantered care delivery systems more economically and effectively, hence addressing the issue of the financial limitations and rigid systems that are common in modern welfare states, which make it difficult to response to various needs. However, the design and administration of cash for care vary across different countries. Such variations of cash for care policies influence on the combination of consumerism (based on liberal market values intrinsic in the care market) and citizenship based on social solidarity. Those variations eventually produce impacts on the balance of responsibilities and the roles of families, the state and market regarding care in other words, balancing of welfare pluralism. This paper has attempted to find general meanings and particularity of cash for care polices in modem welfare states by means of looking at the characteristics of cash for care policies of four different countries (Netherlands, France, Germany and Italy) and their impacts on their care market. If the four countries are ranked by the degree that they emphasize citizenship in light with social rights, the Netherlands, France, Germany and Italy could be placed in due order. From an economic point of view and in terms of cost containment, those countries will be placed in an inverse order, It is apparent that in the course of planting cash for care policies in the existing social systems involving different socio-cultural conditions and labour markets, sometimes more emphasis is placed on the citizenship of care users, family carers and care providers than on cost containment issue, and sometimes vice versa. Behind this lies the process of different social valuation on what care is about; who can better deliver care; who should be responsible for care; how responsibilities should be shared and so on.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.164-173
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of job experience while attending college on the turnover risk in the first job following graduation. Data was obtained from the 2015 Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS). Subjects included college graduates under 30 years of age, who graduated from high school and entered college in the same year. The results of this study are as follows: First, students who had job experience while attending school were relatively low in economic characteristics, but showed active employment preparation behavior. Second, there was a significant difference in the characteristics of entry into the labor market according to whether they had job experience while attending school. It was found that the securing their first job of graduates with job experience was shorter, and the period of tenure was longer, but their wage was smaller than non-experienced graduates. Third, the Cox regression analysis confirmed what factors affected their employment period, and that job experience, experience frequency, and experience period while attending school had a positive effect on lowering turnover risk. Therefore, this study found that job experience during schooling years makes the employment period of the job longer after graduation, which is consistent with those who had previous job experience. However, the greater amount of job experience during the period of study positively affects job retention.