• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.296-300
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• 2004

Performance evaluation and economic estimation were conducted on the water to water GSHP (Ground Source Heat Pump) installed in existing building. Ground heat exchanger was a closed vertical loop type and sized to be 5 boreholes and 100m depth per borehole. Operation efficiency of the system shows that, COP increased from 3.0 to 4.2 with entering water temperature in heating operation, however, COP decreased from 5.0 to 3.7 in cooling operation. Economic estimation was analyzed by LCC (Life Cycle Cost) method and it showed that GSHP could save 68% of cost compare to the conventional oil source. Thus, despite of the large amount of initial cost, GSHP has a economic advantage to the other energy sources.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2005

The performance of water-to-water heat pump system coupled with the ground source vertical heat exchanger is presented in this paper. The CAP program of Florida Heat Pump Co. is used to predict the heat pump performances while the EED program calculates the borehole fluid temperature. It is shown that COPH increases with decreasing the temperature of output water for the operation of heating mode and COPR increases with increasing temperature of output water for the operation of cooling mode. The value of specific heat extraction rate must be moderate to insure the reasonable installation cost of borehole system. With $1^{\circ}C$decrease of $T_{wo}$ the average COPH increase is estimated as about $0.06/^{\circ}C$(for $T_{wo}\;=\;45{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ range) while with $1^{\circ}C$ increase of $T_{wo}$ the estimation of COPR increase is about $0.13/^{\circ}C$(for $T_{wo}\;= \;5{\sim}11^{\circ}C$ range) at the specific heat extraction rate of 30W/m.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 1998

An experimental study was conducted on the effect of compressor capacity control range of heat pump on the seasonal energy efficiency ratio with variation of the maximum and minimum compressor input frequencies. To obtain seasonal energy efficiency ratio, steady state test at the maximum, minimum and intermediate compressor speed and cyclic test at the minimum compressor speed should be conducted. Maximum input frequency was varied to 95Hz, 105Hz, and 115Hz, and the minimum input frequency was varied to 35Hz, 45Hz, and 55Hz. The seasonal energy efficiency ratio increased as the input frequency of the compressor decreased. The maximum input frequency had only slight effects on the SEER.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2008

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance characteristics of a $CO_2$ air conditioning system for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). The present air conditioning system for FCEV uses the electrically driven compressor and electrically controlled expansion valve for $CO_2$ as a working fluid. The experimental work has been done with various operating conditions, which are quite matching the actual vehicle's driving conditions such as different compressor speed and high pressure to identify the characteristics of the system. Experimental results show that the cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) were up to 6.3kW and 2.5, respectively. This paper also deals with the development of optimum high pressure control algorithm for the transcritical $CO_2$ cycle to achieve the maximum COP.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.605-611
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the cooling performance for a water-to-water 10 RT ground source heat pump by using the water switching and refrigerant switching method. The test of water-to-water ground source heat pump was measured by varying the compressor speed, load side inlet temperature, and ground heat source side temperature. The cooling capacity and refrigerant mass flow rate of the heat pump increased with increasing ground heat source temperature. But COP of the heat pump decreased with increasing ground heat source temperature. As a result, the water switching method with counter flow, compared to a refrigerant switching method, improves the cooling capacity and COP by approximately 6~9% in average, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2004

In the present study, the cooling characteristics of the multi-air conditioner (A/C) using an inverter scroll compressor are experimentally investigated for the number of the indoor units and the operating conditions (2$0^{\circ}C$, 24$^{\circ}C$, 26$^{\circ}C$) under the cooling standard conditions by KS C 9306. In the case of the simultaneous operation for 3 indoor units, the cooling capacity, the mass flow rate and the input power have a decreasing trend and COP has an increasing trend, with decreasing the difference in the operating temperature of the indoor unit and the room temperature. In the case of the simultaneous operation for 2 indoor units, the COP of the indoor unit with large cooling capacity is high when the operating temperature is high, but the COP of the indoor unit with low cooling capacity is high when the operating temperature is low. In the case of the single operation for one unit, when the large cooling capacity of the indoor unit is less than 50％ the compressor operates at the minimum operation frequency region and the COP decreases.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.67-75
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• 2007

This paper deals with the research for the effects of the operating parameters that could be used for a transcritical $CO_2$ mobile air-conditioning system on the cooling performance. The experimental conditions of the performance tests for a system and components such as a gas cooler and an evaporator were suggested to compare the performance of each with the standardized test conditions. And this research presents experimental results for the performance characteristics of a $CO_2$ mobile air conditioning system with various operating conditions such as different gas cooler inlet pressures and frontal air velocities/temperatures passing through an evaporator and a gas cooler. Experimental results show that the cooling capacity was more than 5kW and coefficient of performance (COP) was more than 2.1, also. Therefore, we checked that the mobile air-conditioning system using $CO_2$ has good performance compared to that using HFC-134a.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.15 no.3 s.47
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• pp.160-165
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• 2006

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) or geothermal heat pump systems (GHPs) are recognized to be outstanding heating and cooling systems. Most of GSHP systems installed and studied in korea are vertical GSHP systems. A horizontal GSHP system was installed in greenhouse and investigated for the performance characteristics. The results of the study showed that the heating coefficient of performance of the heat pump was 3.64 and the overall heating coefficient of performance of the system was 3.31. The pumping power was obtained as 28.0 W/kW and the required ground heat exchanger length was 53.3 m/kW of rejection heat of condenser. The heat extraction rate was, on average, 14.58 W/m of ground heat exchanger length and trench length is 27.7 m/kW of rejection heat of condenser.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.410-417
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• 2005

The cooling performance of a transcritical $CO_{2}$ cycle varies significantly with a variation of refrigerant charge amount. In this study, the performance of the $CO_{2}$ system was measured and analyzed by varying refrigerant charge amount at a standard test condition. Besides, the losses of the major components in the $CO_{2}$ system were estimated by evaluating entropy generation with refrigerant charge amount. The losses in the expansion device and the gascooler show the major portion of the total loss. For undercharging conditions, the expansion loss dominates the overall system performance, while the gascooler loss increases significantly with an increase of refrigerant charge amount.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.333-342
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• 1997

An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the effects of the combination of the different wire mesh number in a regenerator and the tube number in a cooler on the cooling performance of a Vuilleumier cycle heat pump. Effects of operating conditions, such as charging pressure, operating speed, and heat input, on the cooling performance are also studied. The experimental results obtained indicate that the cooling performance could be improved with the proper combination of different wire meshes in a regenerator. More tubes in a cooler are desirable for better cooling performance. It is also found that the cooling capacity is enhanced, whereas COP is reduced with an increase in the heater tube temperature and the revolution speed. Both the cooling capacity and COP are incereased with a higher charging pressure.