• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1173-1181
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• 1996

The causes of degenerative changes in allograft cardiac valves are not well known to this day. Today's preserved allografts possess highly viable endothelial cells and degeneration of allografts can be facilitated by immune reaction which may be mediated by these viable cells. To test the antigenicity of endothelial cells, pieces from aortic wall were obtained from fresh and cryo-preserved rat allograft. Timings of sampling were prior to sterilization, after sterilization, after 1, 2, 7, 14 days of fresh preservation and cryopreservation. Endothelial cells were tested by immunohistochemical methods using monoclonal antibodies to MHC class I(MRC OX-18), class II(MRC OX-6) and ICAM-1 antigens. After transplantation of each group of aortic allograft at the subcutaneous layers of rats, population of CD4$^{+}$ T cell and CD8$^{+}$ T cell were analyzed with monoclonal antibodies after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. MHC class I expression was 23.95% before preservation and increased to 35.53~48.08% after preservation(p=0.0183). MHC Class II expression was 9.72% before preservation and 10.13~13.39% after preservation(P=0.1599). ICAM-1 expression was 15.02% before preservation and increased to 19.85~35.33% after preservation(P=0.001). The proportion of CD4$^{+}$ T-cell was 42.13% before transplantation. And this was 49.23~36.8% after transplantation in No treat group (p=0.955), decreased to 29.56~32.80% in other group(p=0.0001~0.008). In all the groups, the proportion of CD8$^{+}$ T-cell increased from 25.57% before transplantation to 42.32~58.92% after transplantation(p=0.000l~0.0002). The CD4$^{+}$/CD8$^{+}$ ratio decreased from 1.22~2.28 at first week to 0.47~0.95 at eighth week(p=0.0001). The results revealed that the expression of MHC class I and ICAM-1 in aortic allograft endothelium were increased but that of MHC class II were not changed, despite the different method of preservation. During 8 weeks after transplantation of aortic allograft, the subpopulations of CD4$^{+}$ T cell were not changed or only slightly decreased but those of CD8$^{+}$ T cell were progressively increased.ely increased.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 1995

This study was concentrated on the subject of chou formation and physicochemical characteristics on medium flour mixed with 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% of rice flour in order to clarify the possibility to substitute rice flour for wheat flour on chou preparation. The water holding capacity, swelling power, and maximum viscosity were higher in rice flour than those in medium flour but the initial pasting temperature was equal to 65$^{\circ}C$ in the two flour groups. The ratio of setback during cooling became 0.94 in the rice flour and 1.14 in the medium flour. So, the rice flour showed a slow tendency during gel formation as compared with the medium flour. The volumes of the rice choux were ranged from 80.0% to 89.0% according to the mixing ratio of medium flour as compared with that of the chou of wheat flour. But, the choux formation were increased as much as 108.8% out the paste added gelation of glutinous substance and 124.4% at the paste added Span20 of emulsifier compared to the non-addition treatment. The paste of rice flour added gelatin and Span20 showed better dispersion of components, especially, the small granules of lipid were fairly or plentifully dispersed in the paste added Span20 due to emulsifying activity. In sensory evaluation, the chou of l00% rice flour was inferior to that of medium flour on cavity-forming but the choux of wheat flour mixed with 25%, 50%, and 75% of rice flour were equal or superior to that of medium flour on all characteristics tested such as appearance, surface color, cavity-forming, chewiness, and taste. There were no significant differences on the cavity-forming expansion and taste between choux of rice flour and wheat flour Therefore, the results of this study made conclusion that rice flour would be substituted for wheat flour on the chou preparation.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.401-418
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• 2010

This experiment was selected a $\beta$-glucan producing mushroom strain and developed industrial media, and used to $\beta$-glucan as an alternative for antibiotics in weaned pigs. Yields of mycelial biomass and extracellular $\beta$-glucan from Youngji (Ganoderma lucidum) mushroom was 8.52g/L and 4.49g/L respectively. Also, we prepared optimum formula for mushroom cultivations. A total of 144 pigs ($8.6{\pm}0.9$ kg average body weight, weaned $20{\pm}3$ days of age) were allotted to 4 different treatment groups and replicated 4 times with 8 pigs per replicate in randomized complete block design. Treatments were T1) NC (negative control, basal diet), T2) PC (positive control, basal diet+0.255% antibiotics), T3) NC+0.2% $\beta$-glucan and T4) PC+0.2% $\beta$-glucan. The T2 and T4 treatments were significantly higher in feed efficiency by antibiotics group (p<0.05), however, there was no significant differences in terms of average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during phase I (0~14 days). In phase II (15~28 days), Pigs fed with antibiotics and $\beta$-glucan (T4) had greater ADG than other treatments (p<0.05), while no differences were observed in ADFI and feed efficiency. During the whole experiment period, the ADG of T4 treatment was higher than other treatments. Pigs fed with $\beta$-glucan (T3 and T4) had greater diarrhea score and moisture content than other treatments (p<0.05). Pigs fed with $\beta$-glucan (T3 and T4) had greater moisture content than other treatments (p<0.05). However, there was no significant differences in diarrhea score and mortality of weaned pigs. There was marginal reductions in feed cost measured feed cost per weight gain used in antibiotics and $\beta$-glucan added diet during phase I. In the second phase, the treatment supplemented with antibiotics had a significantly lower feed cost per weight gain compared to the other treatments. The results from these experiments suggests that $\beta$-glucan is likely able to improve the growth performance, and reduce feed cost although they do not have similar effects like antibiotics in weaning pigs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.171-175
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• 1981

Hand deboned and mechanically deboned chicken meat were produced from domestic broilers and spent layers. Meat yield, chemical composition, functional characteristics, storage stability and microbiogical properties were investigated. The results obtained were as follows: 1. 35% of carcass freight was recovered primarily as hand deboned chicken meat (HDM) and 45% secondarily as mechanically deboned chicken meat(MDM), total meat yield reaching 80% of carcass weight. 2. Moisture, protein, fat. ash and calcium content of MDM were 65, 12, 20, 1.7 and $0.2{\sim}0.4%$, respectively MDM was higher than HDM in fat, ash and calcium, but significantly lower in moisture and protein Total pigment content of MDM was 2.5 times higher than that of HDM, such high content being attributed to the increased inclusion of hemoglobin during the mechanical masceration of carcass in the deboning process. 3. The emulsifying capacity (ES) of MDM per g meat was only 70% that of HDM, but when ES was expressed on unit g of protein basis MDM showed even higher ES than HDM primarily due to the higher proportion of salt soluble protein fraction of MDM. 4. Since the TBA value of MDM increased rapidly after 4 weeks of frozen storage at $-20^{\circ}C$, the maximum possible storage period of MDM is estimated to be about 4 weeks. 5. Total microbial counts of MDM was approximately $1.8{\times}10\;cells/g$ showing no great difference from HDM or red meat.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2008

Four different spices (herbs) including rosemary, oregano, basil & sage and green tea were added individually to the ground pork or ground chicken with different percentages of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5, respectively. The consumer sensory qualities of the five natural herbs and their antioxidant effects were evaluated using pork- and chicken-Yukwonjeon. In our consumer sensory evaluation, the 0.5% herb addition and control groups had generally better acceptability than the higher addition groups. In particular, pork-Yukwonjeon with the addition of 0.5% of green tea or oregano and chicken-Yukwonjeon with the addition of 0.5% of green tea or rosemary 0.5% were generally preferred more profoundly on the acceptance and ranking tests. However, sensory differences, especially in texture, among the different samples were reduced after storage. With regard to the results of lipid oxidation without storage, the TBARS values of the herb addition groups were slightly lower than those of the control group, but not significantly so (p>0.05). The antioxidant effects of each herb achieved higher values at longer storage times and with higher levels of added herbs. The antioxidant effects differed with different kinds of meat. The addition of the herb samples resulted in TBARS value reductions of $15.0{\sim}45.8%$ and $9.5{\sim}31.0%$, respectively, in the pork and chicken-Yukwonjeon stored at $6^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, the antioxidant effects of herbs during storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ were observed as reducing in the TBARS values of $8.4{\sim}31.7%$ and $19.0{\sim}33.0%$ in the pork-and chicken-Yukwonjeon, respectively. Green tea evidenced the highest levels of antioxidant activity on lipid oxidation, as it was acceptable even at higher concentrations according to our sensory evaluations. These results illustrate the possibility of producing superior Yukwongen with green tea and herbs, according to the different kinds of meat used.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2007

The effects of amylopectin and hydrocolloid (locust bean gum and guar gum) content on wheat flour dough and noodle properties were investigated. As the amount of amylopectin increased, the water absorption rate (farinograph), the tension (tension test), the gel stability (freeze-thawing treatment), and the springiness and the cohesiveness (TPA) increased, but the pasting temperature (RVA), the lightness and yellowness (color measurement), and the hardness (TPA) tended to decrease. In sensory evaluations, the scores for cohesiveness, springiness, and acceptability of cooked noodle increased as the proportion of amylopectin increased. The proper combination of amylose/amylopectin ratio and hydrocolloids improved the freeze-thaw stability and the sensory acceptability of wheat flour dough and noodle.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of replacing a conventional plate fin-tube evaporator with a spiral fin-tube evaporator by comparing the performance of domestic refrigerator-freezers adopting either the plate fin-tube evaporator or spiral fin-tube evaporator. Experiments were conducted for the domestic refrigerator-freezers using either a 2-column and 15-row plate fin-tube evaporator or three spiral fin-tube evaporators with 11, 13, and 15 tube rows (N). The optimum refrigerant charge decreased with a decrease in the number of tube rows. The power consumptions of the domestic refrigerator-freezers using the spiral fin-tube evaporators with N = 11 and 13 were 2.8% and 1.5% lower than those using the plate fin-tube evaporator, respectively. In addition, the cooling capacity of the spiral fin-tube evaporator with N = 13 was 3%-7% higher than that of the plate fin-tube evaporator under the frosting condition. In a cooling speed test, all of the evaporators showed similar performances.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 1996

The experiment was conducted to determine pollen morphology of Chinese peony and its germination. The results were obtained as following ; Pollen shpae was usually large ellipse and the pol­len germination rate of Eui-seong Peony line was 71% which was lower than that of other Peony lines. In a bud, the pollen began to be observed on $7{\sim}9days$ before flowering and as getting on for flowering time, normal pollen and germination rates were higher. The pollen germination and elongation beganat 30 minutes after incubation on artificial medium and were completed after $2{\sim}3\;hours$. As the storage time went on, the pollen life span was shortened. The germination rate was 51% at 8 days-storage of room temperature. The germination rate was 48% ad 43% at 95 day-storage in $0^{\circ}C$ and $-15^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

The successful cardiac transplantation depends partly on the donor heart preservation by a solution that will ensure recovery of myocardial function. The purpose of this study was to perform the evaluation of various preservation solutions and to accumulate the data on the requisites for ideal preservation solution. The experimental setup was the constant pressure Langendorffs perfusion system. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused for 20minutes with unarm Krebs-Henseleit solution, stored for 4 hours in cold preservation solution after cardioplegia, and then were reperfused for 20minutes. The 4 experimental groups were prepared Hartmann's solution group (group 1, control), modified Euro-collins solution group(group II. MEC), modified University of Wisconsin group (group n, MUW), and CK solution(made by the author) group (group W, CK). The parameters for assessing the preservation ability were levels of enzymes in freezed myocardial tissues (lactate, creatine kinase-MB and adenosine deaminase), coronary flow. left ventricular developing pressure and dpldt. In conclusion, the ability of preservation for isolated rabbit heart was excellent in CK solution and modified University of Wisconsin solution, and poor in modified Euro-collins solution, compared with Hartmann solution. CK solution has low potassium concentrations(34.2mEq/L) and includes various substrates to be salutary on myocardial preservation. This fact may indicates the necessity of further refinements in selection or composition of electrolytes and substrates.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.564-572
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• 2000

We decided among extraction, orthodontic traction and autotransplantation such as direction and position of unerupted tooth, degree of developing root apex, eruption space, being of supernumerary tooth or odontoma or cyst when tooth impacted. Autotransplantation is considered when orthodontic traction is unrealistic or when tooth movement can absorb root of neighbor tooth. The prognosis for successful autotransplantation is dependent on a number of factors such as root development, surgical technique, patient's age, endodontic treatment, time and type of splinting, preservation of periodontal ligament and storage medium. Especially when severe osseous defect is being, bone graft considered for reducing of mobility and for assisting recovery. In all cases, chief complaint is unerupted tooth and various causing factors were supernumerary, odontoma, ectopia and so on. Before autotransplantation, space regaining was done if needed and demineralized freezed dried bone and autogenous bone graft was done when there is severe osseous defect by extraction of supernumerary tooth or odontoma. Splinting was removed after 2-3weeks At 3-4weeks after autotransplantation, endodontic treatment was decided. At follow up check, normal recovery was done and there was no inflammatory or replacement root resorption in periapical radiograph.