• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.28-32
• /
• 2005

최근에 보급이 활성화되고 있는 CHP시스템을 건물공조용으로 이용할 경우에 필수적인 증기압축식 냉동기를 대체할 열구동 냉동기로써 흡착식 냉동기 기술을 언급하였다

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.32-38
• /
• 2009

In this paper, cycle performance analysis for cooling capacity, compression work and COP of R744($CO_2$) transcritical vapor compression refrigeration system is presented to offer the basic design data for the operating parameters of the system. The operating parameters considered in this study include superheating degree, outlet temperature of gas cooler and evaporating temperature in the R744 vapor compression cycle. The main results were summarized as follows : The cooling capacity of R744 increases with superheating degree, but decreases with the increasing evaporating temperature and outlet temperature of gas cooler. The compression work increases with superheating degree and cooling pressure of R744, but decreases with the increasing evaporating temperature. And, The COP increases with outlet temperature and evaporating temperature of R744 gas cooler, but decreases with the increasing superheating degree. Therefore, superheating degree, outlet temperature and evaporating temperature of R744 vapor compression refrigeration system have an effect on the cooling capacity, compression work and COP of this system. With a thorough grasp of these effect, it is necessary to design the compression refrigeration cycle using R744.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.08a
• /
• pp.171-171
• /
• 2011

헬륨냉동계통은 연구용 원자로인 하나로에서 냉중성자를 생산할 수 있도록 설치된 수조내기기 내의 감속재인 수소가 정상적으로 열 사이펀을 유지하기 위한 주요 계통이다. 헬륨냉동계통은 헬륨가스를 압축하는 헬륨 압축부분과 헬륨가스를 팽창시켜 저온을 생성시키는 헬륨 팽창부분으로 나누어진다. 헬륨 압축부분은 두 개의 스크류가 맞물려 회전하면서 약 1.05 bar(a)의 헬륨가스를 최대 13 bar(a)까지 압축시키는 압축기가 있으며, 헬륨 팽창부분인 냉동박스의 팽창 터빈은 self-acting gas bearing에 의해 구동되며, 저온모드 운전 시작시 헬륨 압축부분에서 일부의 가스는 팽창 터빈 축(shaft)으로 유입되어 회전속도가 서서히 증가하면서 고속으로 회전하여 극저온의 헬륨가스(14~18 K)를 생성하는 주요 기기이다. 헬륨을 팽창하는 부분인 냉동박스 내로 헬륨 압축가스를 유입하기 전에 압축된 헬륨가스 내 불순물의 순도를 분석하여 냉동박스의 주요 부품인 팽창터빈의 운전에 영향을 미치지 않는 것이 가장 중요하다. 따라서 헬륨 저압측에 헬륨가스 내 불순물 즉, 수소($H_2$), 수분($H_2O$), 질소($N_2$), 탄화수소류(CxHy) 및 오일(Oilaerosol) 등의 함량을 분석하기위해 가스 분석기가 설치되어 있으며, 냉동박스 내로 유입되기 전에 헬륨압축에서 순환되는 가스 내 불순물인 수분, 질소, 탄화수소류 및 오일은 10 vpm 이하이어야 하며, 수소 함량은 0.1 % 이내이어야 한다. 헬륨 압축부분에서 순환되는 가스의 불순물이 요구 조건에 만족하도록 헬륨 고압측과 헬륨 저압측에 cryogenic adsorber를 설치하여 가스 내 불순물을 제거하는 가스순도제어 작업을 수행해야 한다. cryogenic adsorber를 사용하기 위해서는 장치 내의 불순 가스를 공정진공도(1.33 X $10^{-3}$ mbar) 이하로 진공배기하는 작업이 매우 중요하다. 이는 계통의 헬륨가스가 오염되지 않도록 하는 것으로 cryogenic adsorber 내에는 액체질소를 충전하여 액체질소 온도에 노출된 활성탄층을 헬륨가스가 흐르면서 수분, 질소, 탄화수소류 및 오일 등이 제거된다. 이 논문에서는 헬륨냉동계통의 가스 순도 제어 작업을 통해 헬륨가스의 순도가 요구조건 이하로 만족하며, 팽창 터빈의 운전에 영향을 미치지 않음을 기술하고자 한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.8
• /
• pp.1001-1008
• /
• 2011

This paper describes an analysis on performance and exergy of R744-R404A cascade refrigeration system with internal heat exchanger to optimize the design for the operating parameters of this system. The operating parameters considered in this study include subcooling and superheating degree, internal heat exchanger and compression efficiency, evaporation and condensation temperature in the R744 low- and R404A high- temperature cycle, respectively. The main results are summarized as follows : As the evaporation temperature of cascade heat exchanger increases, the COP of R404A high-temperature cycle increases. But the COP of R744 low-temperature cycle decreases, and the COP of total cascade cycle is almost constant. As cascade evaporation temperature increase, the exergy loss in the R404A condenser and the R744 internal heat exchanger is the largest and the lowest among all components, respectively. Therefore, the exergy loss in the condenser and compressor of R404A must be decreased to enhance the COP of R744-R404A cascade refrigeration system.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 1989

헬륨을 이용한 극저온 냉동기는 압축기(compressor)을 통하여 압력을 10-20 기압 정도로 높혀준후 여러 단계의 열교환기(heat exchanger)를 통하여 상전위온도(maximum inversion temperature) 이하로 떨어뜨린후 Joule-Thomson 밸브를 통하면 4K까지 온도가 떨어진다. 이때 압력은 1기압 정도이며 헬륨가스는 액체로 변한다. 본 연구의 목적은 Gifford-McMahon 냉동기와 Joule-Thomson 냉동기의 혼합형인 극저온 냉동기를 설계, 제작하여 죠셉슨(Josephson) 소자를 이용한 SQUID(초전도양자 간섭장치), 여러 종류의 탐지기, 컴퓨터 소자 개발 등을 위한 냉동기로 사용하는데 그 목적이 있다. 개발되는 법동기의 용량은 1 W이며, 최저온도는 4K 정도가 된다.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.94-101
• /
• 1993

Recently, efforts of decreasing energy consumption are continously increased and user's preference is also diversified in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Thus, in order to satisfy these demands, high efficiency, high intelligence, and energy saving for those systems are essential. As the basic study for diverse functions and intelligence of those systems, we investigated the response characteristics through the compressor capacity control concerned with superheat and refrigeration room temperature. And, response characteristics are investigated experimentally by using micro computer based PWM inverter control method. Experimental result of the conventional on-off control method is given in order to be compared to the results of inverter control method. The results obtained through this study are summarized as follows. It is shown from the experimental results of the on-off control method that the range of temperature variation around the steady state ($-18^{\circ}C$) is very large (about $7{\sim}8^{\circ}C$) and the settling time bringing the steady state is not found. In the inverter control method, we can see that the refrigeration room temperature after reaching the setting temperature is very stable without fluctuation and a robust control for disturbance such as opening the door has been realized.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.9
• /
• pp.2189-2194
• /
• 2009

The automatic hot gas by-pass technique is applied to control the capacity of refrigeration and air-conditioning system when operating at part load. In the scheme, the hot gas from the compressor is extracted and injected into the outlet of an evaporator through a hot gas by-pass valve. Thus, In this paper, the hot gas by-pass scheme for CO2 is discussed and analyzed on the basis of mass and energy conservation law. A comparative study of the schemes is performed in terms of the coefficiency of performance (COP) and cooling capacity. The operating parameters considered in this study include compressor efficiency, superheating degree, outlet temperature of gas cooler and evaporating temperature in the R744 vapor compression cycle. The main results were summarized as follows : the superheating degree, outlet temperature and evaporating temperature of R744 vapor compression refrigeration system have an effect on the cooling capacity and COP of this system. With a thorough grasp of these effect, it is necessary to design the compression refrigeration cycle using R744.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.1548-1554
• /
• 2013

This paper presents the analysis on performance characteristics of R744-R410A cascade refrigeration system to offer the basic design data for the operating parameters of this system. The performance of cascade refrigeration system is analyzed by using EES program. The operating parameters include compressor efficiency, and condensing and evaporating temperature in R410A high- and R744 low-temperature cycle, respectively. The COP of this system increases with the decrease of condensing temperature, and increases with the increasing evaporating temperature. And the COP of this system increases with the compression efficiency. Therefore, it can be seen that the compression efficiency, and evaporating and condensing temperature of R744-R410A cascade refrigeration system have an effect on the COP of this system. Also, it can be known that the cascade evaporation temperature with the highest efficiency in each parameter is present. Thus, it is an important to design R744-R410A cascade refrigeration system by considering these parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2010

In this paper, cycle performance analysis of $NH_3-CO_2$(R717-R744) two-stage cascade refrigeration system is presented to offer the basic design data for the operating parameters of the system. The operating parameters considered in this study include subcooling and superheating degree, compressor efficiency, and condensing and evaporating temperature in the ammonia(R717) high temperature cycle and the carbon dioxide low temperature cycle. The main results were summarized as follows : The COP of two-stage cascade refrigeration system increases with the increasing subcooling degree, but decreases with the increasing superheating degree. The COP of two-stage cascade refrigeration system decreases with the increasing condensing temperature, but increases with the increasing evaporating temperature. And the COP of two-stage cascade refrigeration system increases with increasing the compressor efficiency. Therefore, superheating and subcoolng degree, compressor efficiency, and evaporating and condensing temperature of $NH_3-CO_2$(R717-R744) two-stage cascade refrigeration system have an effect on the COP of this system.

• 기계와재료
• /
• v.16 no.2 s.60
• /
• pp.104-117
• /
• 2004