• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1990

This study was conducted to obtain basic data for the design of cooling system by the test of engine performance of the power tiller being used widely in the rural area. Among the various factors affecting engine performance, the flow rate of cooling water was considered as the major factor in this study. Motoring loss, output, fuel consumption ratio, torque, heat absorption of cooling water, and thermal efficiency were measured and analyzed based on three flow rates of cooling water such as 15, 20, and $25{\ell}/min$. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Motoring loss of the engine was 1.371 kW at 2,200 rpm., and mechanical efficiency was 79.1% at rated output level. 2. Output power of the engine increased with the flow rate of cooling water increased. 3. BSFC was 282.9g/kW-h at the flow rate of $20{\ell}/min$, and the temperature of cooling water at outlet was $80.9^{\circ}C$. 4. There was a little variation of torque of the engine depending on the flow rate of cooling water. 5. Absorption of heat by cooling water was increased with the increase of flow rate. 6. The highest thermal efficiency of 32.3% at the flow rate of $20{\ell}/min$ was observed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.361-361
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• 2013

비냉각 적외선 검출소자는 빛이 전혀 없는 환경에서도 사물을 감지하는 열상장비의 핵심소자이다. 마이크로볼로미터 적외선 검출기는 상온에서 동작하며, 온도안정화를 위해 TEC를 장착하여 진공패키지로 조립된다. 패키지는 진공을 유지할 수 있도록 일반적으로 메탈로 제작되며, 단가 감소 및 생산성 증대를 위해 wafer level packaging 방법을 이용한다. 마이크로볼로미터의 특성은 패키지의 진공 변화에 매우 민감하다. 센서의 감도를 증가시키기 위해서는 진공환경을 유지해야 한다. 볼로미터 소자의 특성은 상압에서 열전도는 기판과 멤브레인 사이의 에어갭을 통해 열손실을 야기하므로 센서의 반응도가 현저히 줄어든다. 에어갭이 1 um 정도 되더라도 그 사이에 존재하는 열전도가 가능하므로 진공을 유지하여 열고립 상태를 증대시킬 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 소자의 동작시 압력, 즉 진공도가 볼로미터 소자의 반응도 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 마이크로볼로미터 소자는 $2{\times}8$ 어레이 형태로 제작하였으며, metal pad를 각 단위셀에 배치하였으며, 공통전극으로 한 개의 metal pad를 넣어 설계하였다. 흡수체로써 VOx를 사용하였으며, 열 고립구조를 위해 2.5 um 공명 흡수층의 floating 구조로 멤브레인을 형성하였다. 진공패키지는 메탈패키지를 제작하여 볼로미터 칩을 TEC 위에 장착하였으며, 신호의 감지를 위해 가변저항을 매칭시켰다. 반응도는 신호 대 잡음 값을 획득하여 소자에 도달하는 적외선 에너지에 대해 반응하는 값을 계산에 의해 얻어내는 것이다. 픽셀 크기는 $50{\times}50$ um이며, 패키지 조립 공정 후 온도변화에 따른 저항 측정을 통해 TCR 값을 얻었다. 이때 TCR은 약 -2.5%/K으로 나타났다. $2{\times}8$의 4개 단위소자에 대해 측정한 값은 균일하게 TCR 값이 나타났다. 광반응 특성은 볼로미터 단위소자에 대해서 먼저 고진공(5e-6 torr) 하에서 측정하였으며, 반응도는 25,000 V/W의 값을 나타내었고, 탐지도는 약 2e+8 $cmHz_{1/2}$/W로 나타났다. 패키지의 압력 조절을 위해 TMP 및 로터리 펌프를 이용하여 100 torr에서 1e-4 torr의 범위에서 압력조절 밸브를 이용하여 질소가스의 압력으로 진공도를 변화시켰다. 적외선 반응신호는 압력이 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며, 2e-1 torr의 압력에서 신호의 크기가 감소하기 시작하여 5 torr에서 반응도의 1/2 값을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 30 torr 이상에서는 신호가 잡음값 과거의 동일하여 신호대 잡음비가 1로 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 또한 진공도 변화에 대해, 흑체온도에 따른 반응도 및 탐지도의 특성을 조사한 결과를 발표한다. 반응도의 증가를 위해 진공도는 진공도는 1e-2 torr 이하의 압력을 유지해야 함을 본 실험을 통해 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1420-1426
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• 2006

To establish a rapid and effective method for the analysis of soy isoflavone which is known to have lots of variation in derivatives of glucoside, conversion rate from isoflavone conjugates to its aglycones, and decomposition of conversed aglycones were investigated with various acid hydrolysis conditions. A number of heating conditions for acid hydrolysis including heating at convection oven $(105^{\circ}C)$, water bath $(95^{\circ}C)$, heating block $(120^{\circ}C)$, and hot plate $(120^{\circ}C)$ were applied. Acid hydrolysis in heating block with reflux was chosen as the best heating condition. From the stability test of isoflavone aglycone during acid hydrolysis, genistein, daidzein, and glycitein did not show any significant changes in their contents for 60 min of hydrolysis. Ten to thirty milligram of sample per 1 mL HCl was the best ratio of sample to acid. As conclusion, acid hydrolysis for 60 min after addition of 15 mL HCl solution to 0.5 g soybean, and then fill up to 50 mL with methanol, followed by HPLC analysis was set as a final analysis method. From this method, isoflavone contents expressed as total aglycone of feed meal was the highest with content of $1288.5{\mu}g/g$ followed by those of dehulled meal.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.499-508
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• 2016

Injection molding is a method for manufacturing many products, wherein a plasticized resin is injected into a mold at high pressure and hardened. According to the method, the product can be manufactured into various forms, and the mass production of up to tens of thousands of products is possible. The purpose of this study was to determine the process conditions for manufacturing a door latch for automobiles, through an analysis of the injection molding method. To calculate an appropriate injection flow for injection molding, a primary analysis for comparing the injection time, pressure, flow pattern, consolidation range, shear stress, shear rate, and weld line, as well as a secondary analysis for determining the conditions for stabilizing the molding temperature, holding pressure, and cooling process, were conducted. The characteristics of injection molding, and their influence on the product quality are discussed. No weld line and pores were observed on the products that had been manufactured based on the process conditions determined above. In addition, there were no flaws regarding the deformation compared to the prototype. Therefore, the manufacture of a product under the conditions determined in this study can reduce the defect rate compared to the existing production, and the process is also more competitive due to reduced production time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.140-148
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• 2019

Large cast iron structures are used in casings and pipes in shipsand chemical plants. Broken parts in the casings and pipescan result in failures even when stresses are below the yield strength of the part's materials. Fatigue failure of a large cast iron structure is inevitable due to the design constraints and low reliability of the material strength. A small structure can be repaired by welding, but a large structure cannot because it cannot be preheated slowly and uniformly. This study shows that a large structure can be repaired by a cold joint method using a crack repair screw. Large cast iron structures were manufactured by GC 300, and their design stress is below 3.5 MPa. The tensile strength on notched specimens repaired by crack repair screws was 8.2 MPa. Therefore, the safety factors of structures repaired by crack repair screws have a value above 2.3 and are considered to be high values.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2018

When reinforced concrete structures are exposed to fire, their mechanical properties such as compressive strength, elasticity coefficient and rebar yield strength, are degraded. Therefore, the structure's damage assessment is essential in determining whether to dismantle or augment the structure after a fire. In this study, the confinement effect of lateral reinforcement of RC column according to the numbers of fire exposure face and stirrup was verified by fire resistant test with the heating temperatures of $400^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$. The test results showed that the peak stress decreases and peak strain increases as the temperature is getting higher, also transverse ties are helpful in improving the compressive resistance of concrete subjected to high temperature. Based on the results of this study, the residual stress of confined concrete under thermal damage is higher at the condition of more lateral reinforcement ratio and less fire exposure faces. The decreasing ratio of elastic modulus of more confined and less exposure faces from the relationship of load and displacement was also smaller than that of opposite conditions.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.265-278
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• 1986

This study was attempted to improve the thermal efficiency of 6 kW water-cooled diesel engine on power tiller. The engine performance tests were conducted to find out the effect of cooling water capacity of 2700cc, 2800cc, 2900cc, 3000cc, 3100cc on power, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), torque, temperature of cooling water and lubricating oil and friction losses of the engine with D. C. dynamometer. The results obtained in the study are summarized as follows: 1. The performance of the engine tested was adequated to Korea Industrial Standard but actual economy power was 10% higher than the labeled rated power of the engine. The BSFC of the engine tested 297.8g/kW-h which is belong a little higher level than hreign products. The temperature of cooling water was $101^{\circ}C$ which is higher than SAE standard ($88^{\circ}C$) 2. The friction losses of engine tested was 3.656 kW at 2200 rpm of rated rpm (piston speed 6.97m/sec) and is higher than those of foreign products. 3. When the cooling water capacity was increased from 2700cc to 3100cc the power output of the engine was increased from 6.7 kW to 7.13 kW at the rate of 6.4% and also the torque of the engine was increased from 28.85 N.m to 30.76 N.m at the rate of 6.39%. 4. When the cooling water capacity was increased from 2700cc to 3100cc, the BSFC was decreased 6.9g/kW-h from 310.9g/kW-h to 304.1g/kW-h, and after one half hour operation with full load, the temperature of cooling water was decreased $13^{\circ}C$ from $101^{\circ}C$ to $88^{\circ}C$ and also the temperature of lubricant oil was decreased $6.4^{\circ}C$ from $76.7^{\circ}C$ to $70.4^{\circ}C$. 5. The mechanical efficiency was increased from 70.08% to 71.08% when the cooling water capacity was increased from 2700cc to 3100cc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.761-766
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• 2015

This study investigated the effect of protease on quality characteristics of sponge cake. Protease was used at levels of 0.0005 U (PC-1), 0.0010 U (PC-2), 0.0015 U (PC-3), and 0.0020 U (PC-4) for sponge cake preparation. Amylogram showed the setback was significantly decreased in comparison with the control (P<0.05). Height and baking loss rate of control sponge cake were $4.24{\pm}0.18cm$ and $12.01{\pm}0.29%$, respectively. PC-3 and PC-4 showed increased heights of $5.22{\pm}0.16$ and $5.24{\pm}0.11cm$ as well as slightly increased baking loss rates of $12.71{\pm}0.31%$ and $12.89{\pm}0.61%$, respectively. Specific volume and color difference measurements of control showed a specific volume of $3.53{\pm}0.06mL/g$, crust color difference of $53.05{\pm}0.28$, and crumb color difference of $29.84{\pm}0.52$. Measurements of specific volume, crust color, and crumb color of PC-3 and PC-4 were $4.18{\pm}0.02mL/g$, $56.19{\pm}0.84$, $29.05{\pm}0.43$, $4.21{\pm}0.02mL/g$, $56.85{\pm}0.43$, and $29.45{\pm}0.47$, respectively. Firmness measurements showed that the control had the highest firmness. PC-3 and PC-4 were effective at improving the shelf-life of sponge cake as indicated by reduced firmness. Sensory evaluation results demonstrated that all samples scored higher than the control. Throughout the results, the addition of protease increased volume and improved quality characteristics of sponge cake.