• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 2017

Phthalates, known as typical endocrine disruptors, are plasticizers used to soften plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Because of their material properties, phthalates are used extensively in the production of toys, flooring, wood processing, detergents, and even cosmetics as lubricants and perfume solvents. Due to their endocrine disrupting effect and other adverse health effects published, recently, phthalates have been regulated in many countries. Besides, in an effort to replace phthalates, several chemical plasticizers such as trioctyltrimellitate (TOTM) and dioctylterephthalate (DIOP) have been used instead of the existing harmful phthalates, and novel alternatives are continuously being developed. Nonetheless, phthalates are still being detected in several plastic products, and the safety of alternatives that are considered safe is being questioned. In this review, we describe the adverse health effects of phthalates, their regulation and the current status of their alternatives.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2021

Bisphenol A is a representative endocrine disruptor and continuously detected in aquatic environment due to wide use, resulting in adverse effects on growth, development, and reproduction in diverse organisms as well as human. Structural analogs have been developed to substitute BPA are also suspected to have endocrine disrupting effects. In the present study, the time-dependent expression patterns of ecdysteroid synthesis (nvd, cyp314a1), receptors (EcRA, EcRB, USP, ERR), and downstream signaling pathway - related genes (HR3, E75, Vtg, VtgR) were investigated using quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis exposed to Bisphenol analogs (BPs; BPA, BPF, and BPS) for 6, 12, and 24 h. As results, the expression of nvd, cyp314a1, EcRs, USP, ERR and E75 mRNA was upregulated at 6 h exposure to BPF, which is earlier than BPA and BPS (12 h). On the other hand, HR3, E75 and VtgR mRNA levels were elevated at 6 h earlier at BPS and BPF than at BPA (12 h), but Vtg mRNA level was slightly changed within 24 h. These findings suggest that like BPA, BPF and BPS can also modulate the transcription of ecdysteroid pathway - related genes with different mechanisms, and have a potential as endocrine disruptors. This study will provide a better understanding the molecular mode of action of bisphenols on ecdysteroid pathway in the brackish water flea.

• 발명특허
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• v.30 no.7 s.349
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• pp.50-53
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• 2005

제 2차 세계대전이 끝난 후 전 세계의 인구는 경제발전과 함께 폭발적으로 증가하였고, 인류는 "식량증산"이라는 새로운 현실에 부딪히게 되었다. 그리고 1960년대 이후 현대농업에 있어서 화학기술의 발전으로 탄생한 현재의 농약은 획기적인 생산성 향상으로 식량의 자급자족과 소득증대를 가져오는데 일익을 담당한 필요불가결한 농자재가 되었다. 그러나 현재의 농약은 식량 생산증대에 큰 도움을 주었지만, 농작물에 잔류하는 농약의 잔류독성으로 인한 폐해로 인해 부정적인 측면도 함께 가지게 되었다. 잔류농약의 치명적 위협은 지금 전 세계를 혼란케 하는 발암물질인 다이옥신으로 인해 극명하게 밝혀진 바 있다. 내분비계 교란물질인 환경호르몬의 대표격인 다이옥신의 원인물질 67종 중 41종이 농약성분이기 때문이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.126-127
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• 1999

PCBs(Polychlorinated Biphenyls)와 같은 미량 환경독성물질은 그 독성으로 인하여 지난 수십년간 환경 분야에서 중요한 연구분야가 되어왔으며 이에 대한 연구의 중요성이 최근의 내분비계 교란물질의 심각성으로 더욱 부각되고 있다. 특히 이 분야의 연구에서는 실제 측정을 통한 자료가 국내의 경우 분석과 측정의 어려움으로 인하여 거의 전무하다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대기-수체간의 PCBs 거동 특성을 실제 측정을 통하여 파악하기 위해 PCBs의 입자상 건식침적량을 측정하였다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.152-153
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• 2000

TBTC, TBTO는 주로 선박이나 어망, 어구 및 양식용 그물 등에 다른 생물이 부착하지 못하도록 바르는 방오페인트로써 많이 사용되고 있는 물질이며, TPTC는 원래 살충제로 많이 사용되었지만 방오페인트의 효과를 증대시키기 위해 이 물질을 혼합하여 사용하기도 한다. 하지만 이들 물질들은 수계에 존재하는 생물들의 내분비계를 교란시키고 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.91-93
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• 2000

PCBs(Polychlorinated Biphenyls)와 같은 미량 환경독성물질은 그 독성으로 인하여 지난 수 십년간 환경 분야에서 중요한 연구분야가 되어왔으며 이에 대한 연구의 중요성이 최근의 내분비계 교란물질의 심각성으로 더욱 부각되고 있다. 특히 이 분야의 연구에서는 실제 측정을 통한 자료가 국내의 경우 분석과 측정의 어려움으로 인하여 거의 전무하다고 할 수 있으며 더욱이 PCBs의 공간적인 분포 특성에 관한 연구는 PCBs에 대한 연구가 앞서 진행된 외국의 사례에서도 거의 찾아볼 수 없다고 할 수 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.107-108
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• 2000

PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)와 같은 미량 환경독성물질은 그 독성으로 인하여 지난 수 십년간 환경 분야에서 중요한 연구분야가 되어왔으며 이에 대한 연구의 중요성이 최근의 내분비계 교란물질의 심각성으로 더욱 부각되고 있다. 특히 이 분야의 연구에서는 실제 측정을 통한 자료가 국내의 경우 분석과 측정의 어려움으로 인하여 거의 전무하며, 더욱이 PCBs의 공간적인 분포 특성에 관한 연구는 PCBs에 대한 연구가 앞서 진행된 외국의 사례에서도 거의 찾아볼 수 없다 (Yucel, 1997, 김승규, 1999). (중략)

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2005

Estrogens are known as the steroid hormones and essential regulators of developments, differentiations, and fertility in animals including humans. Recently, classic focus on estrogens which are considered as female hormone is changing in the whole field of reproductive endocrinology. Especially, interest in estrogen functions in male reproduction is increasing more and more, as numerous studies about the endocrine disruptors, interrupting the endocrine system, are being carried out. To understand exactly the function of estrogen in a male reproductive system, a summary for estrogen receptors upon developmental distributions in testis will be useful. In addition to the regulatory roles of estrogen in male, unexpected exposure to exogenous estrogens causes defects of differentiation of male reproductive system and an injury of spermatogenesis. Also, this review highlights the indicator of exogenous estrogens to perturb male fertility. These approaches would give tile practical information about estrogen roles in male development and reproduction.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.581-594
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• 2017

Bisphenol A(BPA), known as a typical endocrine disruptor, has been used commercially and widely for plastics and epoxy resins. BPA-based plastic is used extensively for the production of water bottles, food containers, CDs, DVDs, and panels that can be applied in construction. Epoxy resins containing BPA are used for coatings on the insides of water pipes, food cans, and thermal papers that are used in sales receipts. As its estrogenic effects and other adverse health effects have published, BPA has been regulated in many countries, and there have been efforts made to replace BPA. Other bisphenols substitutes such as bisphenol S(BPS) and bisphenol F(BPF) have been used. Currently, BPS- and BPF-based products labeled BPA-free products have been widely consumed. Because of structural similarities with BPA, however, these alternatives also show endocrine disruption effects like BPA, and many studies on adverse health effects of these alternatives are being reported. In this review, we describe the adverse health effects of bisphenols and the current status of regulation.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to endocrine disruptors, burnout, and social support from peers on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in nurses. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted among 122 nurses under the age of 49 working at a university hospital. The participants answered self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression in IBM SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean age of the nurses was 28.9 years. Of these nurses, 49.2% were working in a general ward, 24.6% in the intensive care unit, 14.8% in the emergency room, and 11.4% in an outpatient department. The explanatory power of the model was 38.3%, and it was statistically significant (F=11.74, p≤.001). Exposure to endocrine disruptors (β=0.32, p<.001) was the most powerful variable affecting PMS, followed by burnout (β=0.27, p=.001), working in the intensive care unit or emergency room (β=0.22, p=.003), family history of PMS (β=0.19, p=.009), and support from coworkers (β=-0.15, p=.043). Conclusion: Based on these findings, it is necessary to develop an intervention program to reduce the symptoms of PMS. Additionally, further studies are needed to develop and evaluate measures to minimize exposure to endocrine disruptors and burnout in order to alleviate PMS among nurses.