• 기호학연구
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• no.56
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• pp.137-158
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• 2018

In 1999, the French semiotician Jacques Fontanille published his work on discourse semiotics as an attempt to overcome the limitations of structuralism. Discourse semiotics has expanded the realm of semiotics by taking a phenomenological approach that examines the structure of consciousness. Phenomenology pays special attention to the operation of human consciousness, which, instead of staying put, moves from one place to another-unbeknownst to its agent. This paper examines "Bulls" through a phenomenological approach as the short story depicts the stream of consciousness that unfolds within the inner world of Pau, the young male protagonist. The rhetorical approach to literary analysis works at the level of the speech act and directly relates to speech act theory. In rhetorics, figures and tropes are dominated by speech acts. Whereas conventional rhetorical analysis lacks a kinetic perspective as it revolves around flat semantic inspections, the discourse semiotics approach applied in this paper allows for an indepth multidimensional analysis where the analyses of ${\acute{e}}nonc{\acute{e}}$ and ${\acute{e}}nonciation$ complement each other. Presenting a peasant movement to the reader through the eyes of the young male protagonist Pau, "Bulls" is considered a significant literary feat in the history of Korea's New Literature as the work is highly regarded for its impressive depiction of a communal movement. This paper reinterprets and reevaluates the story under a new light, mainly through a rhetorical approach and a phenomenological approach that hinges on discourse semiotics.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.21
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• pp.323-367
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• 2013

한국의 대순진리회는 증산 성사의 가르침을 숭신하는 종교단체로서, 한국 사회에 상당한 영향력을 가지고 있다. 1969년 창설된 대순진리회는 포덕·교화·수도를 삼대 기본사업으로, '음양합덕·신인조화·해원상생·도통진경'을 종지로, '안심·안신·경천·수도'를 사강령으로, '성·경·신'을 수도의 삼요체로 삼고 있다. 또한 인간개조와 포덕천하·구제창생·보국안민을 통하여 지상천국을 건설하는 것을 목표로 한다. 대순진리회는 사상적 측면에서 무(巫)와 유(儒)·불(佛)·도(道)를 포용하고 있다. 이러한 대순사상을 바탕으로 대순진리회의 도인들은 근엄하고 세밀한 실천수도를 수행하는데, 그 내용을 살펴보면 중국 유·불·도의 양생문화와 많은 공통점이 있는 동시에, 또한 뚜렷한 한국 문화의 특색을 띠는 부분도 있다. 이런 면들은 모두 개인적 수도와 사회적 안정을 실현하는 데 큰 도움이 되고 있다. '안심·안신·경천·수도'의 사강령은 대순진리회의 도인들이 지켜야 할 가장 기본적인 행위규범이다. '성·경·신'의 삼요체는 사강령을 실천하기 위한 내면적 수양으로서 모든 수도활동의 근본이 되는 것이다. 삼요체 중에서 '성'을 가장 근본적인 것으로 생각하는데, 그 이유는 오직 '성'을 갖춘 사람만이 '경'과 '신'을 논할 수 있기 때문이다. 반대로 마음속에 망념이 있거나 경거망동을 하는 사람들은 상제에 대한 '경'과 '신'을 잃게 된다. '성실함'이라는 내면적 도덕 품성은 인간으로 하여금 더욱 정직하고 안정되며 오래 지속되게 한다. 뿐만 아니라 '성'은 수도자들로 하여금 더욱 순수해지고, 어리석음을 버리게 한다. 크나큰 도를 성취하려면 먼저 이렇게 얼핏 보기에는 어리석지만 끈기 있는 마음이 필요하다. '성'하면 기운이 솟구쳐 내면이 더욱 안정되고 번뇌는 사라진다. 성심을 수련하면 마음이 안정되고, 마음이 안정되면 정신이 안정되는데, 정신이 안정되면 걱정이 사라지기에 몸도 건강해진다. 삼요체중 '경'과 '신'에 있는 큰 의미 가운데 하나는 상제님에 대한 경배와 믿음을 끝까지 가지라는 것이다. '해원상생·보은상생'은 대순사상의 가장 중요한 대도(大道) 윤리로서 도인들의 수도를 인도하는 기본적인 법칙이다. 대순진리회에서 말하는 해원은 단지 개인 한 사람의 해원이 아니라 우주의 질서를 바로잡는 해원이라는 점에서 중요하다. 그렇기 때문에 대순진리회 도인들은 개개인으로 시작하여 자신의 원한을 해결할 뿐만 아니라, 땅의 원한, 천민의 원한, 여인의 원한 등 모든 원을 해결해 주고자 한다. 즉 삼계의 모든 불평등을 해소하고 불합리한 부분을 바로잡는 것이다. 해원의 다른 측면은 보은이라 할 수 있다. 해원과 보은은 상보상조의 관계에 있는데, 이는 곧 도인들이 행하는 수도의 양 날개라 생각된다. 해원을 통하여 과거의 장애를 제거하고, 보은을 통하여 현재의 덕을 쌓는 것이다. 보은을 하려면 항상 감사의 마음을 간직해야 한다. 그 의미는 인간관계에 있어서 다른 사람이 베푼 은혜를 항상 고맙게 생각해야 한다는 것이며, 더 나아가 천지가 우리에게 베푼 은혜도 감사하게 생각해야 한다는 것이다. 모든 원한이 풀어지고, 모든 은혜를 다 갚았을 때 삼계가 조화롭고 통하게 될 것이다. 대순진리회에서는 도인들의 실천수도 면에서 두 가지 측면을 강조하는데, 즉 포덕교화와 근언신행이다. 근언신행은 자아발전을 위한 도인들의 내적 수련이며, 포덕교화는 도인들이 외부 세상에 대순사상을 알리고 가르치는 것을 말한다. 양자는 동전의 양면과 같이 떨어질 수 없는 관계에 있다. 다른 사람을 포덕·교화 하려면 도인들 스스로가 먼저 말과 행동에 조심해야 한다. 왜냐하면 말과 행동을 조심하는 것 자체가 곧 포덕교화에서 다른 사람의 모범이 되기 때문이다. 인생을 살면서 추구해야 할 가장 높은 목표는 덕(德)을 세우는 것이고, 그 다음은 공(功)을 세우는 것이며, 그 다음은 언(言)을 세우는 것이다. 덕·공·언은 세월이 지나도 그 가치가 빛을 바래지 않는다. 이 세 가지 중 한 가지를 이룬 사람이면 불후하다고 할 수 있다. 성인들이 성인으로 칭송 받았던 이유는 모두 육체를 초월한 덕·공·언으로 세상을 풍요롭게 했기 때문이다. 그렇기 때문에 비록 그들이 세상을 떠났다 하더라도 마치 살아있는 것처럼 영원히 추앙되니, 이것을 통하여 영생을 얻는 것이다. '영생(永生)' 만큼 높은 경지에 도달하는 '양생'이 또 어디에 있겠는가? 대순진리회 실천수도의 최고목표는 바로 인간 내면의 수양을 최고의 경지로 끌어올리는 것으로서 이는 곧 음양합덕·도통진경이다. 다시 말해서 영원히 불후한 경지에 이르고 만세(萬歲)토록 영생하는 것이며 신(神) 그리고 성인이 되는 것이다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.35
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• pp.181-208
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• 2014

Kon Satoshi is a representative animation film director who explores human's intrinsic self-identity based on ambivalence and delivers a message for self-reflection of entity. The aim of this study is to analyze the persona of character according to the way how a self incorporates with another self in his film; that is to say, how a mask of the personality expresses and realizes itself from the perspectives of the Jung's analytical psychology. The persona, defined as the upmost external personality, involves social behavior playing a specific role to establish constant relationship with others in a society. With increasing demand in a society, individuals get to adapt to outer environment by playing his/her given role in various masks of personality. In this way, although persona acts as a major function in relationship with outer world, it would exert a negative influence on formation of self-identity because of the inconsistency between consciousness and unconsciousness when immersed only in mask of personality, complying excessively with the demand of group. However, persona does not always have a negative effect on relationships. Developed adequately to fulfill its social function, persona is helpful to establish a healthy self-identity with balanced control between inner world of unconsciousness and outer world of consciousness. From these perspectives, this study can identify how the desire of mask hidden inside of each character expresses to function in a positive or negative way by analyzing characters in the film according to integrated pattern and correlation between consciousness and unconsciousness. Additionally, I hope that the psychological research methods in this study will be full of help for interpreting on a character analysis as a theoretical approach.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.37
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• pp.111-149
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• 2018

This story is written by Shin Kwang-han who is a famous scholar and writer in Josun Dynasty. The most notable feature of this story is the love between a man and a dead woman. The protagonist has failed the test to be a national official for several years, because of the corruption and unfairness of the leaders of his society. He is very upset, but then changes his mind in order to become an officer. One day he meets a dead woman. He saves her life from death, and falls in love with her. Finally he marries her and attains a high position. Till now, all the aspects of this story have been extensively researched from a number of different perspectives. However the narrative structure of this story has not been discussed much. This story belongs to Jungi-novel, a kind of old story style which includes fantasy. The studies on this story have mostly been carried out to find the different features in comparison with other works of the same style. Further, we could not understand its own specific meaning structure. This study aims to find the narrative structure of this story. It was recognized by researchers that Shin's stories talk about his life and his perspective of the world. Further, I will try to show how he expresses his thoughts, emotion and life through this story. First, to obtain a satisfactory result through this study, I will find a way to resolve several problems that have become the center of the controversy. Afterward, the conflict and resolution the hero's relation to the world will be identified in every paragraph. Through these efforts, we will have a new point of the view about the narrative structure of this story and the intent expressed by the writer through its structure.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.95-120
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• 2015

Under the stiff competition in the health care industry, the long run survival of medical institution depends on building up customer loyalty. The purpose of this study is to figure out the influencing factors on customer loyalty. This new model is based on Bettman(1979)'s customer purchasing decision making process(awareness-interest-final decision). The key characteristics of this model reflects the psychological change of customer purchasing decision The influencing factor at each purchasing stage must need to be identified because the inner decision making process is generally carried out by multistage. In this respect, this study shows the brand awareness of hospital plays an important role at the first stage. In a second stage, the servciescape and service quality of hospital must be considered. Finally, customer's perceived value is adopted. By using a sample of 116 Chinese tourists, this study empirically examines the influencing factors of customer loyalty. The results that the brand awareness and perceived value have a positive effect on customer loyalty.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.157-166
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• 2005

The purpose of the study is to understand the symbolic meaning of jewelry. Among various characteristics of symbols, the symbolic meaning represents the correlation between meanings. Wearing jewelry is an instinctive action that can be witnessed from ancient civilizations. Man used jewelry for various purposes, as an ornament, an amulet, a symbol of wealth or power or as a token of love. In this study, I have researched the symbolic meaning of jewelry in its historic background focusing on rings that show the strongest symbolic characteristic among jewelries. Whereas the symbolic meaning of jewelry was strongly accentuated in the ancient and medieval times, it was gradually weakened in the modern time. Also, while jewelry in the ancient and medieval times showed commonness and universality, jewelry in modern time expressed individuality. Although the meaning of jewelry changed progressively by interacting with the external environment, jewelry has always roused sense and symbolism from our hearts and has acted as a means to express ideas and emotions of human beings.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.357-366
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to provide data for the development of a nursing intervention program by analyzing the concept of prisoner correction. From April 1st, 2016, to July 30th, the research literature on all domestic and international prisoner correction from 2011 to 2015 were searched using PubMed and NDSL RISS. 37 documents were analyzed according to conceptual analysis method procedures by Walker and Avant. In order to promote a positive attitude toward life through internal reflection of prisoner correction, individual characteristics for improvements in problem solving abilities, social adaptation abilities, re-socialization and the protection of the people and society to inmates displaying anti-social and moral behaviors that violated the law. The purpose of this study was to establish a desirable direction for prisoner correction, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of a nursing intervention program.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.517-538
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to explore key factors that influence the intention of continuous use of social network service users in the online environment. Since the intention of continuous use is one of the most critical factors in the profit model of social network service, the findings of this study should be useful to the SNS firms. This study use the personal and network aspects as major behavior intention of that influence user's attachment to a social network service. The results are summarized as follows. First, use motivation in self-determination have effects on emotional attachment, information sharing intention, loyalty. The world's most leading social network services now, the social network service has developed very fast as a kind of new online service. During the past few years, the number of Twitter's registered users around the world has already exceeded 170 million. Not only have the United Sates, many countries around the world have also been hit by the wave of SNS, including those in Korea. Since the intention of continuous use is one of the most critical factors in the profit model of social network service, the findings of this study should be useful to the SNS firms. We need to continue the study of social network.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.89-102
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• 1993

Das ursprngliche menshiche Verlangen nach Erotik hatte trotz der Unterdruckung und des Verbots seit der Anfang der Zeit bis heute stets das menschliche Interesse auf sich gezogen. Diese Erotik drckte nicht nur die knstlerische Handlung aus, sondern sie hat auch eine enge Beziehung zur kubischen Darstellung von Mode. Sie beschreibt die innere menschliche Welt und ist der Motor der individuellen Mode. Die Erotik entsteht wesentlich aus der Tiefe der menschlichen Psyche, ist sowohl erzeugende und starke schpferische Krfte als auch der Antrieb zur Annhrung der unsterblichen Welt. Darberhinaus ist sie auch der Wunsch jedes Individums, sich selbst zu entdecken. Diese Erotik beruht sich in unserem Unterbewutsein und Sie bricht nur dann aus, wenn der Mensch von der rtselhaften Leidenschaft beherrscht wird. Dardurch werden gewisse Krfte frei und sie motivieren den Menschen durch verschieden knstlerische Darstellung diese Erotik auszudrcken. Dieser ganz natrliche Ausdruck menschlicher Begierde wurde durch Kleidung nach Auen signalisiert. Damit drckte der Mensch seine Individualitt aus, und versuchte sich den anderen gegenber so reizvoll wie mglich zu zeigen und wirkte sehr anziehend. Schlilich hat er sich als Sex-Appeal zur Schau gestellt. Solches menschliche Sehnsucht nach Erotik wurde seit dem Altertum bis heute durch verschiedene erotische Kieidungen zum Ausdruck gerbracht.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.41
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• pp.223-246
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• 2014

The main concern of classical Confucianism, which has Kongzi as its main thinker, is how one can attain moral perfection. In this respect, all of the Confucian teachings can be characterized as an attempt to expound the nature of sages or gentlemen who are believed to attain moral perfection. In Confucianism, de 德 (moral virtue) refers to moral principles or the attributes of things, and it also signifies moral qualities and abilities of humans which are believed to be bestowed by the moral source. Kongzi substantiated the details and practical methods of de, through his teachings of ren as its internal principle and li as its external form. in this way, he put a special emphasis on moral practicality of de. To study Kongzi's practical moral teachings focusing on de can be understood as a reflection on current educational issues.