• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2002

Purpose: We examined patients to evaluate the clinical results of traumatic metacarpophalangeal(M-P) dislocations of the thumb, uncommon and irreducible. Materials and Methods: In 11 traumatic M-P dislocations of the thumb, the types of dislocations were 10 dorsal and 1 volar dislocations resulted from the impacted and hyperextended forces on thumb. Authors evaluated the possibility of closed reduction, the anatomical structures interfering with closed reduction, and the surgical approaches. Results: Eight cases were treated with open reduction through volar approach and two cases were treated with closed reduction. Joint fusion was done with a plate in a chronic case. Initial closed reduction was attempted in all cases, but succeeded in only 2 cases because the interposed ruptured volar plate, the flexor pollicis brevis tendon and ulnar sesamoid bone at the volar side of the M-Pjoint were the obstacles to reduce. The metacarpal head was caught in button-hole slit between theflexor pollicis brevis and the ruptured volar joint capsule in all cases. Conclusion: Similar with the M-P joint dislocations of other fingers, the dorsal complex M-P dislocations of the thumb due to hyper extension are unusual and can't easily be reduced by closed manipulation. It is necessary to pay attention to the ruptured volar plate, capsule, the subluxated portion ofthe sesamoid and flexor pollicis brevis as interfering structures.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2016

Gradual occlusal attrition is a normal process of aging. However, severe attrition causes pathogenic pulp, occlusal disharmony, functional disorder and esthetic problems. Alteration of vertical dimension should be considered for space regaining for tooth restoration, esthetic improvement or correction of occlusal relationship. Vertical dimension should be determined within the range of minimal invasive process satisfying patient's esthetic requirements and operator's functional goal. And patient's adaptation to newly determined vertical dimension should be assessed simultaneously. Deep overbite is not a simple problem of overbite, instead it is an usually complicated problem with anterior-posterior occlusal relationship. Considering these facts, appropriate restoration of edentulous part as well as improvement of anterior-posterior relationship should be performed to solve this fundamental problems. In this study, a 67 year-old male patient with many worn teeth and loss of posterior teeth was treated with removable partial denture at edentulous mandibular area to increase vertical dimension and fixed prostheses at dentulous maxillary and mandibular area. With these treatments, we attained a satisfactory result in functional and esthetic aspects as a report case.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.188-197
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• 2002

Purpose : Nowadays, drinks, foods and snacks have frequently been intensified with calcium and the insights into the importance of calcium-intake in general has developed in Korea. In this decade, we found the numbers of children who was visited to our hospital for evaluation of hematuria defined with hypercalciuria were increased. So we tried to compare the mean levels of serum calcium, alkaline phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, creatinine, bicarbonate and urinary pH who visited our hospital in 1991, 1992 with in 2000, 2001. Materials and methods : Between January 1991 to December 1992, and between January 2000 to December 2001, each 366 children and 488 children, aged 1 month to 15 years, who presented in our hospital for tonsilectomy and adenoidectomy or for inguinal herniorrhaphy were enrolled in the study, The children in the study were checked the level of serum calcium, alkaline phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, creatinine, bicarbonate and urinary pH with the machine which was corrected the similar levels of practical chemical levels in serum. We compared each mean levels in 1991s' group with in 2001s' group totally and separately through the age and sex. We used t-test to analysis data. Results : The levels of serum calcium, alkaline phosphate, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and urinary pH of 2001s' group were significantly higher than the levels of 1991s' group(P<0.05). The each level was $9.91{\pm}0.50\;mg/dL,\;248.58{\pm}94.98\;U/L,\;0.61{\pm}0.14\;mg/dL,\;138.64{\pm}2.22\;mM/L,\;4.35{\pm}0.40\;mM/L,\;6.18{\pm}0.86$ in 2001s' and $9.13{\pm}0.68;mg/dL,\;198.26{\pm}79.34\;U/L,\;0.433{\pm}0.18\;mg/dL,\;137.86{\pm}2.67\;mM/L,\;4.22{\pm}0.36\;mM/L,\;5.83{\pm}0.95$ in 1991s'. And the levels of serum bicarbonate, $23.64{\pm}2.57\;mM/L$ in 2001s' was significantly lower than the 1991s', $24.60{\pm}2.23\;mM/L$(P<0.05). The similar results were detected each age and sex group. Conclusion : The levels of serum calcium increase in this decade. The results will be used as a basic data for the national health plan in the years to come.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.619-626
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• 2020

This study aimed to identify the error rates in Catheter Calibration Mode, Auto Calibration Mode, and Segment Calibration Mode among many calibration modes as a quantitative evaluation tool used for predicting the diameter and length of balloon or stent in percutaneous intravascular balloon dilatation or stent insertion. Our experiment was conducted with Copper Wire of 2 mm × 80 mm (diameter × length) manufactured elaborately for quantitative evaluation in calibration and Metal Ball of 5, 10, 15, 30, and 40 mm and Acryl Phantom of 25 mm, 50 mm, 75mm, 100 mm, 125 mm, 150mm, 175 mm, and 200 mm. At each height, subtraction images were acquired with a cineangiograph and Stenosis Analysis Tool as a software provided by the equipment company was used for measurement. To evaluate the error rates in Catheter Calibration Mode, Copper Wire was put on each acryl phantom before shooting. Copper Wire of 2 mm in diameter was set as a diameter for catheter, and Copper Wire of 8 mm in length was measured with Multi-segments. As a result, the error rates appeared at 1.13 ~ 5.63%. To evaluate the error rates in Auto Calibration Mode, the height of acryl was entered at each height of acryl phantom and the length of 8 mm Copper Wire was measured with Multi-segments and as a result, the error rates appeared at 0 ~ 0.26%. To evaluate the error rates in Segment Calibration Mode, each metal ball on the floor of table was calibrated and the length of 8 mm Copper Wire on each acryl phantom was measured and the length of 8 mm Copper Wire depending on the changes of acryl phantom height was measured with Mutli-segments and as a result, the error rates appeared at 1.05 ~ 19.04%. And in the experiment on OID changes in Auto Calibration Mode, the height of acryl phantom was fixed at 100mm and OID only changed within the range of 450 mm ~ 600 mm and as a result, the error rates appeared at 0.13 ~ 0.38%. In conclusion, it was found that entering the height values in Auto Calibration Mode, among these Calibration Modes for evaluating quantitative vascular dimensions provided by the software was the calibration method with the least error rates and it is thus considered that for calibration using a metal ball or other objects, putting them in the same height as that of treatment sites before calibrating is the method that can reduce the error rates the most.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.7 s.264
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• pp.544-548
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• 2006

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of a combined high saphenous vein division and sclerotherapy without sacrificing saphenous vein for varicose vein. Material and Method: Between August 2004 and October 2005, 70 limbs in 50 patients were treated by a combined high saphenous vein division and sclero-therapy. The operative indication is valvular incompetence of femoral-saphenous or popliteal-saphenous junction. Patients received local anesthesia and were treated by a combined high saphenous vein division, ligation of incompetent perforating vein and $1{\sim}3%$ sclerosant. Patients received 1 day hospitalization and applied in com-pression stocking for 6 weeks. Patients followed after 1 week, 1 and 3 months. Result: Mean age of patients was $50{\pm}11$. The female was more common. 8 patients was no symptom, another 42 patients complained of pain, heaviness and fatigue of limbs. The symptoms of varicose vein disappeared 1 month after the procedure in all symptomatic patients. 8 patients needed a adjuvant sclerotherapy for residual varicose vein on 1 week after the procedure. There were only minor complications such as hematoma (1), wound infection (1), thrombophlebitis (20), skin blister (10), hyper-pigmentation (1), and skin ulcer (1). Conclusion: We concluded that a combined high saphenous vein division and sclerotherapy without sacrificing saphenous vein for varicose vein is simple, less invasive, economical, and effective treatment for primary varicose vein, and it has a special advantage that saphenous vein can be used as a bypass conduit later. The method was selective in old aged patients.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.278-283
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• 2003

This study was carried out to examine the nitrogen removal rate of a subsurface-flow treatment wetland system which was constructed on floodplain of the Kwangju River from May to June 2001. Its dimensions were 29m in length, 9m in width and 0.65m in depth. A bottom layer of 45cm in depth was filled with crushed granite with about $15{\sim}30\;mm$ in diameter and a middle layer of 10cm in depth had pea pebbles with about 10 mm in diameter. An upper layer of 5 cm in depth contained course sand. Reeds (Phragmites australis) were transplanted on the surface of the system. They were dug out of natural wetlands and stems were cut at about 40 cm height from their bottom ends. Water of the Kwangju River flowed into it via a pipe by gravity flow and its effluent was funneled back into the river. The height of reed stems was 44.2 cm in July 2001 and 75.3cm in September 2001. The number of stems was increased from $80\;stems/m^2$ in July 2001 to $136\;stems/m^2$ in September 2001. Volume and water quality of inflow and outflow were analyzed from July 2001 through December 2001. Inflow and outflow averaged 40.0 and $39.2\;m^3/day$, respectively. Hydraulic detention time was about 1.5 days. Average nitrogen uptake by reeds was $69.31\;N\;mg/m^2/day$. Removal rate of $NO_3-N$, $NH_3-N$, T-N averaged 195.58, 53.65, and $628.44\;mg/m^2/day$, respectively. Changes of $NO_3-N$ and $NH_3-N$ abatement rates were closely related to those of wetland temperatures. The lower removal rate of nitrogen species compared with that of subsurface-flow wetlands operating in North America could be attributed to the initial stage of the system and inclusion of two cold months into the six-month monitoring period. Increase of standing density of reeds within a few years will develop both root zones suitable for the nitrification of ammonia and surface layer substrates beneficial to the denitrification of nitrates into nitrogen gases, which may lead to increment in the nitrogen retention rate.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.23
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• pp.107-131
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• 2005

The purpose of this is to make sure what the scholar of the Choseon thought the object of aesthetics, and which psychological element did they use to clear the center of the aesthetics. In addition, I consider their way to recognize the human's aesthetic point of view. A literary man in Choseon regarded the five senses as an obstacle which interrupted to see the nature of all things. So they set up the spiritual condition as their aesthetic subject, with suppressing the pleasure through five senses. The goal to make one's mind calm was to cause someone's spirit to activate freely. The condition of the calmness was considered as a process of recovering the human's natural spirit, which was connected to the poetic spirit and became the aesthetic subject. Simultaneously, a literary man at that time set up the condition of the calmness as a subject of objective consciousness, and estimated the common things as a objective existence, which led to the result that all the materials of the poem and the poet could be unified. This aesthetic centra put a premium on the senses caused by contacting with all natural things, and adopted the 'Xing' as a method of expression. This 'Xing' is not a sense based upon one's experience, but a sense which is created of itself. The expression method of 'Xing' caused the reader to feel and express, encourage, and sublimate what they feel through the poem, as well as purified reader's mind.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.23
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• pp.71-105
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• 2005

Toson-Shibigok(Twelve Songs of Toson) which T'oegye, Yi Hwang, composed has received a lot of attention in terms of its educational implications. These implications have become the essential part of Gojeon Sigas(classic songs and poems), and solid evidence has also been accumulated in the literature. Therefore, the purposes of this study are twofold, that is 1) to explore the impact of T'oegye's fundamental structure of the first education at that time and 2) describe how these educational attitudes will eventually yield meta- educational values. What T'oegye meant by fundamental structure of the first education was that Sijos originated from his own experience should be the vital part of teaching method. One can say that T'oegye's teaching method is more integrative than that of modern literature education in that it includes songs. Not only using his own teaching method, but T'oegye tried to demonstrate his own literary structure to his colleagues and the future generations. In the end, Meta-Education which comprises the heart of recent educational theories well reflects Toegye's theoretical propositions. Rather than giving practical knowledge, his method offers the paradigms of thought patterns and shows the learners' attitudes in approaching the truth. Moreover, T'oegye's teaching method has become a good example to the future generations as well as his contemporary followers. In sum, although a lot of years have passed since he died, T'oegye's Sijo works and life still have invaluable impact on the field of education.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2017

Purpose: Surgical risks associated with the resection of osteochondroma around the proximal tibia and fibula, as well as the proximal humerus have been well established; however, the clinical presentation and optimal surgical approach for osteochondroma around the lesser trochanter have not been fully addressed. Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients with osteochondroma around the lesser trochanter underwent resection. We described the chief complaint, duration of symptom, location of the tumor, mass protrusion pattern on axial computed tomography image, tumor volume, surgical approach, iliopsoas tendon integrity after resection, and complication according to the each surgical approach. Results: Pain on walking or exercise was the chief complaint in 7 patients, and numbness and radiating pain in 6 patients. The average duration of symptom was 19 months (2-72 months). The surgical approach for 5 tumors that protruded postero-laterally was postero-lateral (n=3), anterior (n=1), and medial (n=1). All 4 patients with antero-medially protruding tumor underwent the anterior approach. Two patients with both antero-medially and postero-laterally protruding tumor received the medial and anterior approach, respectively. Two patients who underwent medial approach for postero-laterally protruded tumor showed extensive cortical defect after resection. One patient who received the anterior approach to resect a large postero-laterally protruded tumor developed complete sciatic nerve palsy, which was recovered 6 months after re-exploration. Conclusion: For large osteochondromas with posterior protrusion, we should not underestimate the probability of sciatic nerve compression. When regarding the optimal surgical approach, the medial one is best suitable for small tumors, while the anterior approach is good for antero-medial or femur neck tumor. For postero-laterally protruded large tumors, posterior approach may minimize the risk of sciatic nerve palsy.