• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.37
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• pp.97-134
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• 2013

Kim Ee-man was born and grew up in Jecheon (堤川). As a government officer and a Confucian scholar belonging to Namin School, Kim Ee-man was active in the early and middle of 18th century. Kim Ee-man composed good poems since he was a child. In addition to being a good poet, Kim Ee-man later became a model government officer, who had thorough awareness on serving citizens (爲民). When he was a governor in Yangsan (梁山) county, he built an embankment for farmers by out of his own salary. The academic world of Kim Ee-man faithfully succeeded the basis of Toegyehak (退溪學) and he took Sohak (小學) as important. The reason of Kim Ee-man having established a practical guideline in the form of inscription and proverbs was also directly related to the issue of moral practice. Kim Ee-man also received the influence of ancient classic study from his teacher Lee Seo-woo (李瑞雨) and took Yookgyeong (六經, Six Classics in China) important in practice. Kim Ee-man started the study on Joojahak (朱子學, the doctrines of Chu-tzu) in later years. He became more thorough in being a public figure while reinforcing effort on differentiating the principle of heaven (天理) and human desire (人欲).

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 2002

To investigate the residue of organophosphorus pesticides such as Monocrotophos［Dimethyl-1-methyl-2-methyl carbamoylvinylphosphate］and EPN［O-ethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate］in the coastal environment of Cheju island, samples of sea organism, water and sediment were collected at the Sackdaldong and Daepodong near the Jungmoon golf course in July and Aug. 1997. The qualified detection limit of mono-crotophos and EPN by GC -FPD were 0.024 ng/g and 0.020 ng/g in the sea organism, respectively Neither Monocrotophos nor EPN was detected in seaweed cava (Ecklonia cava), Agar (Gelidium amansii), turban sell (Batillus cornutus) and sea urchin (Anthocidaris Crassispina). They were not detected in seawater and sediment, either. These results showed that the coastal area near the Jungmoon golf course in the Cheju island was not polluted by the organophosphorus pesticides such as Monocrotophos and EPN.

• 월간 기계설비
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• no.12 s.221
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• pp.62-64
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• 2008

현장에서는 주공정과 예산관리를 중심으로 공사진행을 하고, 공정이 90% 이상 달성되었거나 또는 잔여공기가 9개윌 정도 남아 있으면 모든 공정을 재검토하기 바란다. 우선 하청시로부터 잔여 공사에 대한 공정표를 받아, 잔여공시 1개월 전에 준공될 수 있는지 검토한다. 9개월 정도 앞서 준공기일을 검토하는 것은, 자재납기가 장기간(7개월 정도) 소요되는(플랜트 Control Panel 등) 자재의 발주여부를 검토하고, 잔여공기 내에 정상 작업으로 공기 내 준공이 불가하다고 예측될 경우, 3개월 또는 6개월 돌관작업 계획을 세우기 위함이다. 잔여공기가 3개월 정도 남아 있을 때, 시설물을 인계(Hand Over) 하기 위해 본격적인 준비를 한다. 준공이란 "계약적으로 발주자가 실제적으로 계약서에 의도된 목적으로 사용할 수 있는 상태(표준계악일반조건 48. 1)"를 말하므로, 이 점에 착안하여 발주자가 시설물을 제때에 사용하지 못함으로써 발생되는 지체보상금(Liquidated Damage)을 물지 않도록 작전을 세운다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.245-262
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• 2019

The objectives of this study were to construct a three-dimensional water quality model (EFDC) for the river reach between Chilgok Weir and Gangjeong-Goryong Weir (GGW) located in Nakdong River, and evaluate the effect of hydraulic changes, such as water level and flow velocity, on the control of water quality and algae biomass. After calibration, the model accurately simulated the temporal changes of the upper and lower water temperatures that collected every 10 minutes, and appropriately reproduced changes in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and cyanobacteria. However, the simulated values were overestimated for the diatoms and green algae cell density, possibly due to the uncertainties of the parameters associated with algae metabolism and the lack of zooplankton predation function in the simulations. As a result of scenario simulation of running the water level of GGW from EL. 19.44 m to EL. 14.90 m (4.54 m drop), Chl-a and algae cell density decreased significantly.In particular,the cyanobacteria on the surface layer, which causes algal bloom, declined by 56.1% in the low water level scenario compared to the existing management level. The results of this study are in agreement with the previous studies that maintenance of critical flow velocity is effective for controlling cyanobacteria, and imply that hydraulic control such as decrease of water level and residence time in GGW is an alternative to limit the overgrowth of algae.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.15
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• pp.3-37
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• 2007

Until now, archives of colonial era preserved in each public institution including National Archives & Records Service can be called as the results of colonial chosun government general's records management activities. However, it is a fact that only the fragment of the archives from colonial era remained in public institutions without maintaining integrity of record. Therefore, it is virtually impossible to restore operations process of the era only with current records. It is somewhat because some records were institutionally abrogated by valuation selecting standard of colonial chosun government general, but it is more likely the result of systematic destruction of documents and records upon liberation. On the other hand, although records that were being preserved by colonial chosun government general's acquisition policy escaped the systematic abrogation, the scope and target of the historical records were changed according to acquisition policy. Historical records managed by each inquiry agency of colonial chosun government general were collected to be used for fundamental information of colonial rule or compilation of Chosun history. However, archives collected by colonial chosun government general could not escape partiality as a goal for colonial rule had priority over the standpoint for recording Korean society. Although records management system of colonial chosun government general was introduced from Japanese government's system, it clearly shows colonial characteristics in the process of collecting Chosun's historical records and its use.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.35
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• pp.415-445
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• 2009

A well-known historian, Ahn Jeong-Bok(Sun-Am, 1712~1791) was an expert on the country village community. He was a scholar of the "Nam-In" group, who was excluded from the corridors of power in those days. He kept on the move in various parts of country villages from his childhood. After settling down in Deok-Gok, Kwang-Ju, he stayed in the place devoting himself to the self-culture and the literary works. By his surrounding of environment, he had an academic interest in a concrete science rather than metaphysics and country villages rather than the central city. He considered the country villages as the link holding between a family and a country and had the conception of a confucianist community based on country villages, emphasizing the practice of confucianist virtues in everyday life. First of all, his confucianist community was the community based on country villages. He thought that the enlightenment was a matter of great importance for solving problems in country villages. As a solution to those problems, he suggested Hyang-Yak, the self-governed regulations of country villages. In his own village he made the self-governed rules Dong-Yak. When he was a provincial governer of Mok-Cheon, he put Hyang-Yak, the self-governed regulations of country villages in operation. It aimed for a kind of gentry-centric country village community. But Hyang-Yak was the regulations based on the agreement with each other, stressed the regard on the popular mind and the setting the pace of the gentry, and aimed for the harmony and order in a community through the practice of moral virtues in daily life. On the other hand, he had a conception of a country village's academic community. He thought of the development of educational intuitions as a pressing need of the enlightenment of country village. With young people he read confucianist books with comments in a village school, Seo-Jae. In his seventies, he made and put the self-regulations for academic community, Hak-Yak, in operations. It is considered that Hak-Yak was an example of his idea of academic community and his point of view on learning, which emphasized on the coincidence with reading and practice.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.194-215
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• 2021

Termites are important decomposers in the ecosystem. They are also economically significant structural pests. In this study, we reviewed the developments of termite control and recent research on termite management to provide information on the prevention and control of termites. In Korea, most of the damage to wooden historical buildings is caused by subterranean termites. Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis is the main species, which is widely found throughout the country. In the early 1900s, inorganic insecticides, such as arsenic dust, were used for termite control. After the synthesis of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide in the 1940s, it was widely utilized and demonstrated high termite control efficacy. However, chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides were later banned, disappearing from markets after reports emerged concerning environmental contamination and toxicity to humans. Therefore, the termite control industry sought a new termiticide; hence many pesticides were utilized for termite control. Organophosphate (1960s), carbamate (1970s), pyrethroid, and insect growth inhibitor (1980s) were newly synthesized and adopted. In the 1990s, the first commercial baits using chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSI) were developed, providing a means to eliminate an entire colony of subterranean termites around a structure. Many studies have been carried out on soil termiticides (liquid termiticides) and CSI baits to increase their efficacy, and different baits such as aboveground bait stations, fluid bait, and high-durability bait were also developed in the 2000s. In addition, the paradigm of termite control has shifted from localized treatments using soil termiticides to area-wide pest management using CSI baits to create termite-free zones and protect buildings over time. Termite infestations in wooden historical buildings in Korea have been reported since 1980, and considerable attention was drawn in the 1990s when several UNESCO world heritages such as the Jongmyo Shrine and the Janggyeong Panjeon Depositories of Haeinsa Temple were infested by subterranean termites. Since then, a survey of termite infestation in wooden architectural heritage has been conducted, and the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Heritage Care Program regularly monitors those properties. Finally, we suggest termite management using primarily CSI baits, selective application of various soil treatments applied to the object, foundation soil treatment, research and development of durable termite baits, application of area-wide programs for wooden-building complexes, application of integrated termite management (ITM), and regular education for owners and managers to prevent and reduce termite damage.