• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Purpose: This study is conducted to evaluate the job stressors for opticians in Ulsan city. Methods: We investigated job stress of 180 opticians working in Ulsan. The results of this study from The Korean standard job stressors assessment tool developed by Korea occupational safety and health agency (KOSHA) was compared with Korean reference value. The questionnaire on the social, demographic characteristics of opticians was also used to find the factors affecting to job stressors by using multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Among the eight fields of stressors, the interpersonal conflict (the median value; 33.4, the measurements; men; 38.8, women; 41.5) and company culture (the median; 41.7, the measurements; men; 47.4, women; 49.3) were higher than the median value of the Korean workers. By multiple linear regression analysis, the significant factors to the interpersonal conflict were the duty, working hours, unmarried, average salary. In terms of the company culture, last school, rest day of month, job career, average salary and working hours were significantly associated to the score of company culture. Conclusions: Based on the results, important factor in the formation of a positive organizational culture through to improve treatment of opticians investigation and mutual horizontal communication systems in the workplace for the manage on interpersonal conflict and company culture.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2007

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is the most common form of sleep-disordered breathing and often presents with comorbid depressive symptoms. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep parameters as measured by nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) and simultaneous wrist actigraphy. Methods: Two hundred sixty-four subjects with clinically suspected cases of OSAS underwent one-night polysomnography, while simultaneously wearing a wrist actigraphy device. They also completed two questionnaires；the Epworth Sleepiness Scale-Korean version (ESS-K) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Of the cases studied, 105 subjects were proven by NSPG to have OSAS without other sleep disorders. NPSG and wrist actigraphy data from the subjects were analyzed. Pearson correlation and paired t-test were used in order to evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep-parameters. Results: Mean age of the subjects was $46.1{\pm}13.1$ years. Means of the ESS-K score and BDI scores were $10.9{\pm}4.7$ and $12.8{\pm}8.1$, respectively. NPSG sleep parameters significantly differed from those of wrist actigraphy. There was no correlation found between subjects' respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and BDI scores. When directly comparing sleep parameters between subjects who were more depressed versus subjects who were less depressed, both total sleep time and sleep efficiency were decreased in the more depressed. A correlation between RDI and ESS-K scores was also found in the more depressed group. Conclusions: Although our findings suggest that there is no relationship between RDI and depressive symptoms, there are other significant differences in the sleep parameters between subjects who are more depressed versus those without depression. We recommend that patients with depression should also be evaluated for clinical symptoms of OSAS.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2023

Tardive dyskinesia is an involuntary neurological movement disorder caused by long-term use of dopamine receptor-blocking drugs leading to dental implications like uncontrolled gnashing and grinding of teeth which in turn imperil the oral rehabilitation procedures as the excessive load increases the risk of prosthesis fracture. A 40-year male with a medical history of tardive dyskinesia visited the hospital to receive oral rehabilitation for missing maxillary anterior teeth. After the oral examination, tooth preparation was done on teeth 13, 15, and 23. After that silicon impression was made and the gypsum cast was digitalized using a desktop scanner and an interim prosthesis was fabricated by milling a resin block. During the try-in, the occlusal one-third of the interim prosthesis was trimmed, and an auto-polymerizing acrylic resin was applied on the occlusal surfaces and inserted in the patient's mouth. Then, the functionally generated path (FGP) of occluding surfaces of opposing arches was traced on the resin surface. When the resin was hardened, the modified interim prosthesis was removed and digitized using an intraoral scanner. The scan image was used in designing the occlusal morphology of definitive prosthesis by modifying the design of the interim prosthesis using the dual scan method. Lastly, a monolithic zirconia prosthesis was fabricated by milling a zirconia block. The definitive prosthesis was delivered reflecting the patient's occlusal scheme. This case report shows that the FGP technique with the dual scan method can help in fabricating fixed prosthesis with harmonious occlusion in a tardive dyskinesia patient.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.231-242
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition education based on ubiquitous healthcare (u-health) service on changes in dietary habits, nutrition intake, and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in male workers. In total, 72 male office workers with at least three risk factors of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III were recruited as subjects. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analyses were conducted on all subjects. Dietary habits and nutrient intake were determined by a questionnaire using the 24-hour dietary recall method before and after nutrition education. Subjects measured their body composition, blood pressure, and physical activity more than once per week during the 12 weeks using the u-health care equipment and sent these data to a central database system using a personal computer. Individual nutrition counseling was provided four times on the first, fourth, eight, and twelfth weeks. The results showed significant decreases in abdominal circumference, body fat (%), diastolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides, and serum total cholesterol during the 12 weeks. Subjects with more than 12 measurements showed significant reductions in abdominal circumference, body fat (%), serum triglyceride, and serum total cholesterol. Mean intake of dietary fiber, animal calcium, potassium, vitamin C, and folic acid after nutrition education were higher than those before nutrition education. Participants showed significant increases in the frequencies of consuming protein foods (meat, fish, eggs, beans, tofu, etc.) and vegetables. In conclusion, nutrition education through the u-health service resulted in positive effects on the risk factors for metabolic syndrome, nutrient intake, and dietary habits.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.407-413
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• 2022

Existing clothing recommendation systems remain at the level of showing appropriate photos when a user selects a type of clothing he or she likes after entering his or her own body size or body size. When a user purchases clothing using such recommendation systems, there are many cases in which it does not fit or does not fit the user's body size. In this study, to solve these problems of existing clothing recommendation systems, a system was implemented in which the user receives not only size but also skin tone and recommends clothing suitable for the user's body size as well as skin tone. In this system, clothing size information obtained through web crawling was periodically stored in a database for eight male tops to recommend clothing, and the entire pixel of the clothing image was analyzed to extract color text values. In order to confirm the performance of this system, a survey was conducted on 100 male college students, and the satisfaction level was 70%. Most of the reasons for not being satisfied are that the recommended clothing is limited, so it is judged that it is necessary to expand the target clothing in the future.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2001

The gait characteristics and shapes of human foot are changed by their diseases and habits. Especially, it is known that the size and shape of foot of the elderly(aged) differ from these of youth foot, because of muscle degeneration and wearing footwear for a long time. Therefore, to design and make last for the elder footwear, anthropometric data measured elder feet and classified their foot type will be necessary. Nevertheless, elder footwear has been designed and made by using the same last of the youth. Therefore, to design elder footwear, we measured 49 anthropometric data on foot of the 252 elderly males and females, and classified their foot shape and type according to FI(foot index) and MPA(matarars-phalanx angle) in this study. The results showed that the elderly has a tendency of slenderizing on foot compare to the youth, and elderly females have more deformed foot type than elderly males. The results can be provided as basic information to the design of elder footwear.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 1998

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among anger expression mode, depression, and blood pressure. Method : Eight hundred sixty-eight male military draftees were asked during the examination procedure to answer Spielberger's Anger Expression Inventory, MMPI Repression Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI). Blood pressures, weight, and height were also measured. Results : 1) No significant difference was found in the anger-in and anger-out subscales of Spielberger Anger Expression Inventory, MMPI Repression Scale, and BDI between the hypertensives and the normotensives. 2) No significant difference of blood pressure was found between the groups determined by upper and lower 25% of each of the above scales and inventory. 3) The interaction effect of anger-in and anger-out on depression was found to be significant. Conclusion : These findings suggest that there is no relationship among anger-in, anger-out, depression, and blood pressure in young male military draftees. Interestingly, ambivalence of anger expression, i.e. the interaction of anger-in and anger-out, was found to be an important factor related to depression.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.163-177
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• 2024

Background: This study aims to examine changes in fraudulent claim counts and total reimbursements before and after enhancements in counterfeit claim controls and monitoring of provider claim patterns under the "Proactive self-audit pilot program of fraudulent claims." Methods: This study used the claims data and hospital information (July 2021-February 2022) of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The data was collected from 1,129 hospitals assigned to the pilot program, selected from the providers who filed a claim for reimbursement for intravenous injections. Paired and independent t-tests, along with regression analysis, were utilized to analyze changing patterns and factors influencing claim behaviors. Results: This program led to a reduction in the number of fraudulent claims and the total amount of reimbursements across all levels of hospitals in the experimental groups (except for physicians below 40 years old). In the control group, general hospitals and hospitals demonstrated some significant decreases based on the duration since opening, while clinics showed significant reductions in specified subjects. Additionally, a notable increase was observed among male physicians over the age of 50 years. Overall, claims and reimbursements significantly declined after the intervention. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between hospital opening duration and claim numbers, suggesting longer-established hospitals were more likely to file claims. Conclusion: The results indicate that the pilot program successfully encouraged providers to autonomously minimize fraudulent claims. Therefore, it is advised to extend further support, including promotional activities, training, seminars, and continuous monitoring, to nonparticipating hospitals to facilitate independent improvements in their claim practices.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.359-370
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• 2021

Purpose To analyze the findings and serial changes in chest CT lesions in 123 symptomatic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods From February 19 to April 7, 2020, a total of 123 confirmed COVID-19 patients (male, 44; female, 79; mean age, 59.2 ± 18.6) were enrolled in this retrospective study. A total of 234 CT scans were reviewed for the following patterns: acute alveolar insult (AAI) patterns: ground-glass opacity (GGO), crazy-paving appearance, mixed pattern, and consolidation; organizing pneumonia (OP) patterns: perilobular patterns, band opacity, curvilinear opacity, reversed halo opacity, and small nodular consolidation; resolving patterns: pure GGO, remnant curvilinear, small nodular consolidation, and serial changes of lung abnormalities. We compared the proportions of AAI pattern, OP pattern, or resolving pattern with time progression and analyzed the association between the patterns and disease severity using Pearson chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Results Predominant CT patterns were AAI pattern (87%) in the early hospital period group (0-10 days, after the onset of symptoms), OP pattern (45.7%) in the later hospital period group (after 10 days), and resolving pattern in discharge and follow-up group (47.2% and 84.8%, respectively). The difference in the proportions of predominant CT patterns with time progression was statistically significant (p < 0.001, Pearson's chi-square test). No statistically significant association was observed between the patterns and disease severity (p = 0.055, Fisher's exact test). No fibrous changes in the lesions were observed on follow-up CT scans. Conclusion The serial CT scans of COVID-19 patients showed the spectrum of COVID pneumonia CT manifestations as different phases of lung injury and repair.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-31
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• 2003

The granites in the southern Gimcheon area can be divided into two parts, marginal hornblende biotite granodiorite (Mgd) and central biotite granodiorite to granite (Cgd). Mgd and Cgd are gray in color and display gradational contact relations and are mainly composed of coarse-grained and medium-grained rocks, respectively. Mgd has more frequent and larger mafic enclaves than Cgd, and the two granites partly show parallel foliation at thire contact with gneisses. From representative samples of the granites, K-Ar biotite ages of 197∼207 Ma were obtained. Considering the blocking temperature of biotite, it is suggested that the emplacement age of the granitic magma was probably late Triassic. The anorthite contents of plagioclases in Mgd display less variation than those of Cgd, indicating that Mgd crystallized within a narrow range of temperatures. In the Al$\_$total/-Mg diagram, the biotites from the granites plot within the subalkaline field, and the smooth slope indicates differentiation from a single magma. All amphiboles from the granites belong to magnesio-hornblende. The linear trends of major oxides, AFM and Ba-Sr-Rb indicate that Mgd and Cgd were fractionally differentiated from a single granitic magma body crystallizing from the margin inwards. The relations of modal (Qz+Af) vs. Op, K$_2$O vs. Na$_2$O, Fe$_2$ $O_3$ vs. FeO, Fe$\^$+3/(Fe$\^$+3/+Fe$\^$+2/) and K/Rb vs. Rb/Sr show that they belong to I-type and magnetite-series granitic rocks developed by the progressive melting products of fixed sources. REE data, normalized to chondrite value, have trends of enriched LREE and depleted HREE together with weakly negative Eu anomalies.