• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.323-357
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• 2009

This study illuminates the mechanism of life course on labor status of old age complementing the limits of labor status hypothesis of old age and model of statues attainment and combining them. The main results from this analysis are summarized in four points. Firstly, older men mostly engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishing industry or low-class occupations. A very small portion held high level or professional occupations. Regular full-time employees or employers were only 4.4% while, about 70% of older employees were temporal employees or self-employed. This shows that the elderly affluence hypothesis which alleges that most older men maintain high level occupations, applies to only a few. The second finding is that wealth differentials are sizable: about 20% of older workers own less than 50 million won, while 9.3% possess more than 600 million won. Therefore, it is not safe to claim that most people have accumulated enough wealth for old age according to the elderly affluence hypothesis. This gap being mainly reflected by education level, suggests that the model of status attainment is appropriate as wealth accumulation hypothesis. Thirdly, educational level determined not only lifetime careers, but also labor status of old age. Fourthly, using path analysis, the last finding is that education had effect on labor status of old age through lifetime career and wealth. That is, old men who have low education level had unstable lifetime career and own less wealth. They work in low income job, low social occupations and unstable occupation type in old age. This shows that life inequality continues until old age. Therefore, the inequality of education opportunity, spread of part-time work and small scale self employees should be discouraged. Furthermore, related policy should be provided in order to prevent being caught in unstable work.

• 프린팅코리아
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• s.71
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• pp.92-105
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• 2008

인쇄기기의 경우 인쇄속도가 시간당 1만장2만장을 넘어섰다. 인쇄속도가 빨라지는 만큼 인쇄용지도 점점 고급화되고 있다. 이처럼 인쇄에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 환경은 점점 고급화되고 있는 반면 인쇄근로자들의 근무환경은 그 속도를 따라가지 못하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 아직까지도 대부분의 업체들이 인쇄작업을 할 때 많은 노동력을 필요로 하고 있다. 기계작동시에는 큰 문제가 없으나 물건이송이나 종이 뒤집기 작업 등에서 고강도의 노동력을 필요로 하기 때문에, 남성 직원만을 뽑을 수 밖에 없다. 하지만 유럽의 경우 여성들이 인쇄사에서 작업을 하는 것을 종종 볼 수 있다. 이 같은 현상은 많은 보조기구들이 있어 여성 혼자 작업을 해도 무리가 없기 때문이다. 우리나라에서도 이러한 작업환경개선을 위해 다양한 노력들이 시도되고 있다. 그중의 하나가 노동부의 고용환경개선지원금과 한국산업안전공단의 클린사업지원, 근골격지원, 유해환경해소 사업 등이 그것이다. 이에 본지에서는 노동부와 한국산업안전공단에서 진행하고 있는 노동환경개선을 위한 사업들에 대해 알아보고, 인쇄사에 보조기기를 납품하고 있는 업체와 실제 보조기기를 사용하고 있는 업체를 만나보았다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.1-30
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• 2018

The 1995 tax reform in Korea has brought adjustment to the tax bracket, marginal tax rate, and tax deduction system which resulted in significant decrease in the income tax progressivity. In this paper we study the causal effect of the tax reform on male labor supply using difference-in-differences method. Using the data from Economic Active Population Survey (EAPS) and Daewoo Panel Data, we find about 1.5% increase in the hours worked of male wage workers.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-61
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• 1995

본 연구는 노동시장의 성별직종분리(occupational sex segregation)를 초래하는 요인들을 대분류 및 세분류 사업체를 단위로 규명하고자 하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면, 첫째, 사업체 성별직종분리에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 가장 중요한 것은 직급근로자 비율, 숙련기술자 비율, 그리고 사업체의 조직화 정도로 구성되어 있는 내부노동시작 특성으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사업체는 산업의 성별직종분리에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 밝혀져 산업 전반에서 남성과 여성의 직종을 구분해 온 관행이 개별 사업체의 성별분리구조를 형성하고 고착화시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 보인다. 세째, 가정한 바와는 달리, 여성의 개인적인 자질향상이 성별직종분리의 개선과 직결되지는 않을 것으로 보인다. 그러나 평균 근속년수비는 성별직종분리를 감소시키는 것으로 나타나 여성이 노동시장에 지속적으로 참여하는 것이 성별직종분리를 개선할 수 있음을 시사한다. 네째, 사업체 성별직종분리 현상에 대한 내부노동시장 특성들의 높은 설명력과 여성의 경쟁력이 보여준 극히 미미한 설명력은 앞으로 산업구조 및 노동력의 유연화 추세에 직면하여 성별직종분리 구조의 개선 가능성에 대해 상반된 기대를 갖게 만든다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.143-169
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• 1999

The problems of unemployment have been recognized as male problems even though the female unemployment problems are as significant as those of men since IMF. The women who have experienced insecure employment and lower wage than men in the labor market are having more serious economic difficulties after being unemployed. Especially economic problems of the unemployed female headed families are anticipated to be tremendous because the female heads do not have spouses who can act as a buffer seeking or beginning to work to reduce economic hardship. The purpose of this paper is to compare living conditions and utilization of the unemployment programs between male and female heads of the family who are unemployed and discouraged workers. It will examine the functionalism, human capital theory, and feminist perspectives on the cause of female unemployment in order to help understanding of their living situations after being unemployed. Then, it will compare the socio-demographic characteristics, their economic activities before being unemployed, their living conditions and changes in family life after being unemployed, their efforts to overcome unemployment and utilization of various government unemployment programs. It used the national data of National Unemployment Survey of Korean Institute of Health and Social Affairs conducted in 1998 and analyzed 283 female and 1,528 male family heads who are unemployed and discouraged workers. It reveals that the female family heads experienced lower economic status in the labor market before being unemployed, are having more serious economic hardship because of it, utilize more of the government programs such as public work and public assistance than the male family heads but less of the public loans for the unemployed. It recommends expansion of public work and public assistance, more vigorous advertisement of various unemployment programs, and active training of job creation technique for female family heads.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.50-59
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 가사노동분배에 영향을 준다고 믿어지는 결혼여부가 남녀임금격차에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 계속해서 직장에 근무하고 있는 기혼남녀와 미혼여성들의 임금수준과 인적자본의 수익들을 비교분석하였다 미국의 NLSY 데이터를 이용하여 Probit 분석과 최소자승법에 의한 회귀분석으로 자교를 분석하였으며 임금격차를 분리하는 과정은 Oaxaca(1973) 등이 사용한 절차와 같은 방법을 이용하였다 Probit 분석결가 기혼남성의 경 우 많은변수들이 지속적인 전일제 근무자가 될 가능성을 높이거나 낮추는 반면에 단지 소수의 변수들만이 기,미혼여성들에게 유의한 효과를 나타냈다 회귀분석결과 결혼여부보다는 성별관계가 임금을 낮추는 것으로 나타났으며 기혼남녀간 임금차액의 38~39%를 기혼남성과 미혼여성간 임금차액의 61~65%가 인적자본의 특성에 의해 설명되었다 본연구결과는 가정내 의 노동분배가 임금격차의 중요한 요소라는 Becker의 가설을 증명하지 못하고 있다 이는 여성의 미래 경제적지위를 염려해야 할 상당한 근거를 제시하며 인적자본의 양을 통제하였 을 때에도 임금격차가 만연하였기 때문에 인적자본의 질적인 면이 포함된 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.1-36
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• 2013

This study examines how the unobserved heterogeneity of workers, measured by residuals of the wage equation, affects the entry into self-employment using KLIPS 1998-2008. Following Joona and Wadensjo(2013), we treat the residuals as unobserved ability and find that both workers with higher and lower ability are more likely to become self-employed. However, this U-Shape relationship no longer holds when the sample is divided into males and females. The study also finds that the relationship between ability and entry into self-employment has changed over time, and that ability is positively associated with the performance of self-employed.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.113-141
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• 2014

This paper examines the occupational gender wage gap in the Korea labor market. This paper classifies occupations into three(the blue-collar profession, white-collar profession and female-dominated profession) according to job characteristics and female worker's ratio. To analyze occupational gender wage gap, this paper uses Mincer's wage equation(1974) and Oaxaca model(1973). The results are listed below. First, the gender wage gap is growing in all occupations. Second, the cause of increasing gender wage gap varies in different occupations.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.1-39
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• 2020

This paper analyzes the effect of marriage subsidy, which was provided by some municipalities of South Korea from 2006, on marriage. Marriage subsidy, targeted for international marriage between Korean men and foreign women, increases the economic incentive for international marriage. Using the Korean marriage record during 2004-2018 and exploiting the variation in marriage subsidy across regions(administrative level 2, si/gun/gu) and years with difference-in-differences method, I find that marriage subsidy significantly increases the probability of a single Korean man marrying a foreign woman. I found no evidence on crowd out effect on marrying a Korean woman, and the effect of subsidy on total marriage was significantly positive. Subgroup analysis shows that the effect of marriage subsidy on international marriage was strongest for the older and high school graduated men.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.199-208
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• 2018

In this study, the impact of the emotional labor on the job satisfaction according to the service characteristics and the patient type was investigated in the 269 dental hygienist. The average score of the emotional labor according to the general characteristics was 2.85 and it was higher in case of the male and in case of the drinkers. The average score of the job satisfaction according to the general characteristics was 3.02 and the female was higher than the male, the older professionals than the younger professionals and the married was higher than the singles. In the emotional labor according to the service characteristics, the dental hygienist was highest than the other professionals and in the job satisfaction according to the service characteristics, it was higher the higher the career and the higher the income. In the emotional labor by patient type, it was highest when the patient was male, when ages were between 20 and 64, and when it was after 7 PM. The job satisfaction by patient type was higher when the patient age was 65 years old or older, when the type of treatment was dental caries and periodontal diseases, when the consultation hour was after 7 PM and when the economic level of patient was high. The job satisfaction was increased when the emotional labor was 'average' but was analyzed as the lowest when the emotional labor was high. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine the effects of work characteristics, patient type, and emotional labor on job satisfaction(t = 1.994, p = .047), which had high monthly incomes Patients with older patients (t = 3.027, p = .003), the lower the emotional labor (t = 13.858, p = .000), the higher the job satisfaction. That is, to increase the job satisfaction of the dental health professionals, the effort to make the pleasant working environment should be made considering the emotional labor or the characteristics of patient.